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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28

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NASA NTRS1980

INFORM: An interactive data collection and display program with debugging capability

A computer program was developed to aid ASSEMBLY language programmers of mini and micro computers in solving the man machine communications problems that exist when scaled integers are involved. In addition to producing displays of quasi-steady state values, INFORM provides an interactive mode for debugging programs, making program patches, and modifying the displays. Auxiliary routines SAMPLE and DATAO add dynamic data acquisition and high speed dynamic display capability to the program. Programming information and flow charts to aid in implementing INFORM on various machines together with descriptions of all supportive software are provided. Program modifications to satisfy the individual user's needs are considered.

Cwynar, D. S.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Head-up display in the non-precision approach

The problem of head-up guidance for an aircraft making an instrument approach without glide slope information is discussed. Requirements for path control are considered for each section of the approach profile and a head-up display is developed to meet these needs. The display is an unreferenced flight director which is modified by adding a ground referenced symbol as an alternative guidance component. The director is used for holding altitude in the first segment and for descent at a controlled rate in the second segment. It is used in the third segment to maintain the minimum decision altitude while assessing the approach situation. This is done by means of occasional brief changes to the referenced symbol. In the final segment a visual approach is made with the referenced symbol used continuously for path control. The display is investigated experimentally in simulated approaches made by three pilots. The results show a fair agreement between objective and subjective estimates of the quality of landing decisions.

Naish, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Microprocessors for real time displays and control of space teleoperators

This paper describes the use of microprocessors for smart displays in a space teleoperator project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The application of microprocessor systems to demonstrate the utility of smart displays for a wrist mounted force/torque sensor and end-effector mounted proximity sensors are discussed as are the laboratory hardware and software configurations. These displays assist the operator in making critical real time decisions. Avenues for future development of these concepts are also presented.

Paine, G.↗

NASA NTRS1979

User's manual for flight Simulator Display System (FSDS)

The capabilities of the flight simulator display system (FSDS) are described. FSDS is a color raster scan display generator designed to meet the special needs of Flight Simulation Laboratories. The FSDS can update (revise) the images it generates every 16.6 mS, with limited support from a host processor. This corresponds to the standard TV vertical rate of 60 Hertz, and allows the system to carry out display functions in a time critical environment. Rotation of a complex image in the television raster with minimal hardware is possible with the system.

Egerdahl, C. C.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Evaluation of the potential format and content of a cockpit display of traffic information

The types and formats of information most suitable to be displayed in a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) are investigated. Twenty three airline pilots and 13 instrumentated general aviation pilots were asked to select from sets of symbols of various complexities incorporating various levels of information that would contain all information necessary for monitoring the traffic situation, detecting errors, maintaining separation and merging. Display features selected by a significant number of pilots were then evaluated for their capabilities in helping pilots to assess the lateral or vertical separation between their own and another aircraft in a dynamic simulation. It is found that while some of the features initially chosen by the pilots, such as flightpath predictors, aided the pilots in perceiving the traffic situation correctly, others, such as ground speed and climb/descend arrows and relative altitude encoding of symbols for other aircraft, did not contribute to improved performance speed or accuracy.

Hart, S. G.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Flight test evaluation of advanced symbology for general aviation approach to landing displays

This paper describes a set of flight test experiments which were designed to evaluate the relative utility of candidate displays with advanced symbology for General Aviation IFR operations in the terminal area. This symbology was previously evaluated as part of the NASA Langley Research Center's Terminal Configured Vehicle Program for use in commercial airlines. The advanced symbology included vehicle track-angle, flight path angle and a perspective representation of the runway. These symbols were selectively drawn on a CRT display along with the roll attitude, pitch attitude, localizer-deviation and glideslope deviation. In addition to the CRT display, the instrument panel contained standard turn and bank, altimeter, rate of climb, airspeed, heading and engine instruments. The symbology was evaluated using tracking performance and pilot subjective ratings for an ILS capture and tracking task.

Downing, D. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Displaying Geographically-Based Domestic Statistics

Decision Information Display System (DIDS) is rapid-response information-retrieval and color-graphics display system. DIDS transforms tables of geographically-based domestic statistics (such as population or unemployment by county, energy usage by county, or air-quality figures) into high-resolution, color-coded maps on television display screen.

Quann, J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Predictor symbology in computer-generated perspective displays

An advanced display format for the four dimensional commercial aircraft approach-to-landing is evaluated. The desired curved and descending approach path is presented by displaying the perspective image of a tunnel. Attention is focussed on the predictor symbology, superimposed on the tunnel image. A perspective three dimensional predictor symbol, providing future position, as well as future attitude information, is compared with a flat two dimensional version, which only provides the future position. In addition to this, the predictor displays the actual airspeed as well as the desired airspeed, prescribed by the four dimensional path. Results show that the three dimensional predictor symbol outperforms the two dimensional predictor in following the trajectory in a moderate-to-heavy turbulent environment, which is manifested in accurate manual true airspeed control was obtained without affecting the main task performance significantly.

Grunwald, A. J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Information and display requirements for aircraft terrain following

The display design procedure for manned vehicle systems, is applied and validated, for a particular scenario. The scenario chosen is that of zero visibility high speed terrain following (V = 466 ft/sec, H = 200 ft) with an A-10 aircraft. The longitudal (linearized) dynamics are considered. The variations in (command path over) terrain pi(t) are modeled as a third order random process. The display design methodology is based on the optimal control model of pilot response, and employs this model in various ways in different phases of the design process. The overall methodology indicates that the design process is intended as a precursor to manned simulation. It provides a rank ordering of candidate displays through a three level process.

Kleinman, D. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Pilot scanning patterns while viewing cockpit displays of traffic information

Scanning eye movements of airline pilots were recorded while they judged air traffic situations displayed on cockpit displays of traffic information (CDTI). The observed 1st order transition patterns between points of interest on the display showed reliable deviation from those patterns predicted by the assumption of statistical independence. However, both patterns of transitions correlated quite well with each other. Accordingly, the assumption of independence provided a surprisingly good model of the results. Nevertheless, the deviation between the observed patterns of transition and that based on the assumption of independence was for all subjects in the direction of increased determinism. Thus, the results provide objective evidence consistent with the existence of "scanpaths" in the data.

Ellis, S. R.↗

NASA NTRS1981

System for providing an integrated display of instantaneous information relative to aircraft attitude, heading, altitude, and horizontal situation

A display device is disclosed which is particularly suited for providing the pilot of an aircraft with combined inflight attitude, heading, altitude, and horizontal situation information previously available only by using two or three devices providing separate displays. The preferred embodiment combines a commonly used and commercially available flight director-type device for providing a display in combination with a miniature aircraft supported for angular displacement from a vertical orientation to indicate heading error, or heading offset, and an extended course deviation indicator bar which projects into juxtaposition with the miniature aircraft for providing a true picture of the aircraft's horizontal situation relative to a selective VOR, ILS, or MLS course.

James, R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Survey of multi-function display and control technology

The NASA orbiter spacecraft incorporates a complex array of systems, displays and controls. The incorporation of discrete dedicated controls into a multi-function display and control system (MFDCS) offers the potential for savings in weight, power, panel space and crew training time. The technology applicable to the development of a MFDCS for orbiter application is surveyed. Technology thought to be applicable presently or in the next five years is highlighted. Areas discussed include display media, data handling and processing, controls and operator interactions and the human factors considerations which are involved in a MFDCS design. Several examples of applicable MFDCS technology are described.

Spiger, R. J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The Use of Interactive Raster Graphics in the Display and Manipulation of Multidimensional Data

Techniques for the review, display, and manipulation of multidimensional data are developed and described. Multidimensional data is meant in this context to describe scalar data associated with a three dimensional geometry or otherwise too complex to be well represented by traditional graphs. Raster graphics techniques are used to display a shaded image of a three dimensional geometry. The use of color to represent scalar data associated with the geometries in shaded images is explored. Distinct hues are associated with discrete data ranges, thus emulating the traditional representation of data with isarithms, or lines of constant numerical value. Data ranges are alternatively associated with a continuous spectrum of hues to show subtler data trends. The application of raster graphics techniques to the display of bivariate functions is explored.

Anderson, D. C.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Environmental fog/rain visual display system for aircraft simulators

An environmental fog/rain visual display system for aircraft simulators is described. The electronic elements of the system include a real time digital computer, a caligraphic color display which simulates landing lights of selective intensity, and a color television camera for producing a moving color display of the airport runway as depicted on a model terrain board. The mechanical simulation elements of the system include an environmental chamber which can produce natural fog, nonhomogeneous fog, rain and fog combined, or rain only. A pilot looking through the aircraft wind screen will look through the fog and/or rain generated in the environmental chamber onto a viewing screen with the simulated color image of the airport runway thereon, and observe a very real simulation of actual conditions of a runway as it would appear through actual fog and/or rain.

Chase, W. D.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Flight-test verification of a pictorial display for general aviation instrument approach

Results of flight tests of the pictorial "follow me" box display results of the simulator study. The most important item of agreement was the frequency of the vertical and lateral models of motion of the pilot-aircraft-display system, which was 0.4 rad/sec in each study. Successful short, curved, descending approaches, such as are often suggested for use with microwave landing systems, can be executed with the "follow me" box display. Variations of the value of distance from the aircraft to the box were also examined using values of 736 m, 368 m, and 184 m. The results show that successful approaches can be made with all of these values. A sharper final turn and greater precision of position control are obtained with the shorter distance. Deletion of distance measuring equipment from the system was also studies. It was shown that successful approaches can be made with no distance measures included in the system, but the values of distance from the aircraft to the box that can be used are restricted.

Adams, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Aircraft geometry verification with enhanced computer generated displays

A method for visual verification of aerodynamic geometries using computer generated, color shaded images is described. The mathematical models representing aircraft geometries are created for use in theoretical aerodynamic analyses and in computer aided manufacturing. The aerodynamic shapes are defined using parametric bi-cubic splined patches. This mathematical representation is then used as input to an algorithm that generates a color shaded image of the geometry. A discussion of the techniques used in the mathematical representation of the geometry and in the rendering of the color shaded display is presented. The results include examples of color shaded displays, which are contrasted with wire frame type displays. The examples also show the use of mapped surface pressures in terms of color shaded images of V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft and advanced turboprop aircraft.

Cozzolongo, J. V.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Separation Monitoring with Four Types of Predictors on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information

A clear and concise display format for use in later full mission simulator evaluation of the cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) concept was studied. This experiment required airline pilots to monitor a CDTI and make perceptual judgments concerning the future position of a single intruder aircraft in relationship to their own aircraft (ownship). The main experimental variable was the type of predictor used to display future position of each aircraft. Predictors were referenced to the ground or to ownship and they either included turn rate information or did not. Other variables were the aircraft's separation distance when the judgment was required and the type of encounter (straight or turning). Results indicate that under these experimental conditions fewer errors were made when the predictor included turn rate information. There was little difference in overall error rate for the curved ground referenced and the ownship referenced predictors.

Jago, S.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Aircraft geometry verification with enhanced computer-generated displays

A method for visual verification of aerodynamic geometries using computer-generated, color-shaded images is described. The mathematical models representing aircraft geometries are created for use in theoretical aerodynamic analyses and in computer-aided manufacturing. The aerodynamic shapes are defined using parametric bi-cubic splined patches. This mathematical representation is then used as input to an algorithm that generates a color-shaded image of the geometry. A discussion of the techniques used in the mathematical representation of the geometry and in the rendering of the color-shaded display is presented. The results include examples of color-shaded displays, which are contrasted with wire-frame-type displays. The examples also show the use of mapped surface pressures in terms of color-shaded images of V/STOL fighter/attack aircraft and advanced turboprop aircraft.

Cozzolongo, J. V.↗