Preliminary investigation of the flow in an annular-diffuser-tailpipe combination with an abrupt area expansion and suction, injection, and vortex-generator flow controls
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This paper summarizes a method that solves both the three dimensional thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations and the Euler equations using overset structured and solution adaptive unstructured grids with applications to helicopter rotor flowfields. The overset structured grids use an implicit finite-difference method to solve the thin-layer Navier-Stokes/Euler equations while the unstructured grid uses an explicit finite-volume method to solve the Euler equations. Solutions on a helicopter rotor in hover show the ability to accurately convect the rotor wake. However, isotropic subdivision of the tetrahedral mesh rapidly increases the overall problem size.
The theory is developed from the individual equations of motion of the three components of the plasma. The effect of the ion cyclotron angle (omega tau), which is the product of the ion cyclotron frequency and the ion mean free time between collisions with neutral particles and which is proportional to the axial component of the ion slip velocity, on both Joule heating rate and accelerator length is included in the results and is shown to be small only for values of about 10(exp -3) radian or less.
Today's computational methods enable the determination of forces in complex systems, but without field validation data, or feedback, there is a high risk of failure when the design envelope is challenged. The data of Childs and Bently and field data reported in NASA Conference Proceedings serve as sources of design information for the development of these computational codes. Over time all turbomachines degrade and instabilities often develop, requiring responsible, accurate, turbomachine diagnostics with proper decisions to prevent failures. Tam et al. (numerical) and Bently and Muszynska (analytical) models corroborate and implicate that destabilizing factors are related through increases in the fluid-force average circumferential velocity. The stability threshold can be controlled by external swirl and swirl brakes and increases in radial fluid film stiffness (e.g., hydrostatic and ambient pressures) to enhance rotor stability. Also cited are drum rotor self-excited oscillations, where the classic fix is to add a split or severed damper ring or cylindrical damper drum, and the Benkert-Wachter work that engendered swirl brake concepts. For a smooth-operating, reliable, long-lived machine, designers must pay very close attention to sealing dynamics and diagnostic methods. Correcting the seals enabled the space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump (SSME HPFTP) to operate successfully.
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NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston is currently supplementing its 20K helium refrigeration system to meet the new requirements for testing the James Web Space Telescope in the environmental control Chamber-A (65 dia x 120 high) in Building 32. The new system is required to meet the various operating modes which include a high 20K heat load, a required temperature stability at the load, rapid (but controlled) cool down and warm up and bake out of the chamber. This paper will present the proposed modifications to the existing helium system(s) to incorporate the new requirements and the integration of the new helium refrigerator with the existing two 3.5KW 20K helium refrigerators. In addition, the floating pressure process control philosophy to achieve high efficiency over the operating range (40% to 100% of the refrigeration system capacity), and the required temperature stability of +/- 0.25 K at the load will be discussed. The refrigeration systems ability to naturally seek the operating conditions under various loads and thus minimizing operator involvement and the over all improvements to the system operability and the reliability will be explained.