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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Boron determination in steels by Inductively-Coupled Plasma spectometry (ICP)

The sample is treated with 5N H2SO4 followed by concentrated HNO3 and the diluted mixture is filtered. Soluble B is determined in the filtrate by Inductively-Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry after addition HCl and extraction of Fe with ethyl-ether. The residue is fused with Na2CO3 and, after treatment with HCl, the insoluble B is determined by ICP spectrometry as before. The method permits determination of ppm amounts of B in steel.

Coedo, A. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A method for predicting service life of zinc rich primers on carbon steel

The service life of zinc rich primers on carbon steel can be estimated by immersing a primer coated glass slide into an aqueous copper sulfate solution and measuring the amount of zinc that reacts with the copper in 15 minutes. This zinc availability test was used to evaluate eleven primers currently available for which marine beach exposure data was available from previous programs. Results were evaluated and a correlation between zinc availability and ASTM rust grade was shown.

Hoppesch, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Character of laser-glazed, plasma-sprayed zirconia coatings on stainless steel substrata

Partially stabilized zirconia was applied as coatings to 316L stainless steel substrata using an 80-kw arc-plasma unit. Some of these coating-substrate systems were subsequently glazed using a 10 kw CO2 continuous-wavelength laser. SEM was used to characterize the microstructures of the coatings and coating-substrate interfaces. Results are reported and discussed.

Fischman, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Optical and other properties changes of M-50 bearing steel surfaces for different lubricants and additives prior to scuffing

An ester lubricant base oil containing one or more standard additives to protect against wear, corrosion, and oxidation was used in an experimental ball/plate elastohydrodynamic contact under load and speed conditions such as to induce scuffing failure in short times. Both the ball and the plate were of identically treated M-50 steel. After various periods of operating time the wear track on the plate was examined with an interference microscope of plus or minus 30 A depth resolution and sometimes also with a scanning ellipsometer and an Auger spectrometer. The optically deduced surface profiles varied with wavelength, indicating the presence of surface coatings, which were confirmed by the other instruments. As scuffing was approached, a thin (approximately A) oxide layer and a carbide layer formed in the wear track in particular when tricresylphosphate antiwear additive was present in the lubricant. The rates of the formation of these layers and their reactivity toward dilute alcoholic HCl depended strongly on the lubricant and additives. Based on these results suggestions for improved formulations and a test method for bearing reliability could be proposed.

Lauer, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A study of cumulative fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel

Experimental data were obtained using AISI 4130 steel under stress ratios of -1 and 0. A study of cumulative fatigue damage using Miner's and Kramer's equations for stress ratios of -1 and 0 for low-high, low-high-mixed, high-low, and high-low-mixed stress sequences has revealed that there is a close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of fatigue damage and fatigue life. Kramer's equation predicts less conservative and more realistic cumulative fatigue damage than the popularly used Miner's rule does.

Jeelani, S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Thermal conductance of pressed aluminum and stainless steel contacts at liquid helium temperatures

The thermal conductance of aluminum and stainless steel 304 sample pairs with surface finishes ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 microns rms roughness was investigated over a temperature range from 1.6 to 6.0 k. The thermal conductance follows a simple power law function of temperature, with the exponent ranging from 0.5 to 2.25, increases asymptotically with increasing applied force, and exhibits an anomaly for surface finishes in the 0.4 micron region.

Salerno, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Environmental degradation of 316 stainless steel in high temperature low cycle fatigue

Procedures based on modification of the conventional Strainrange Partitioning method are proposed to characterize the time-dependent degradation of engineering alloys in high-temperature, low-cycle fatigue. Creep-fatigue experiments were conducted in air using different waveforms of loading on 316 stainless steel at 816 C (1500 F) to determine the effect of exposure time on cyclic life. Reductions in the partitioned cyclic lives were observed with an increase in the time of exposure (or with the corresponding decrease in the steady-state creep rate) for all the waveforms involving creep strain. Excellent correlations of the experimental data were obtained by modifying the Conventional Strainrange Partitioning life relationships involving creep strain using a power-law term of either: (1) time of exposure, or (2) steady-state creep rate of the creep-fatigue test. Environmental degradation due to oxidation, material degradation due to the precipitation of carbides along the grain boundaries and detrimental deformation modes associated with the prolonged periods of creep were observed to be the main mechanisms responsible for life reductions at long exposure times.

Kalluri, Sreeramesh↗
NASA NTRS1986

Effect of texture on magnetoacoustic stress measurement in steel

The effect of texture on the general stress measurements of a heavily cold rolled steel plate is analyzed. Changes in the acoustic natural velocity for plate samples with their long axes perpendicular, parallel, and in a 40 degree direction with respect to the rolling axis were measured; graphs of the velocity variations for the three samples are provided. It is observed that the negative minimum change in the acoustic natural velocity under residual compression for the perpendicular sample is about half that of the parallel and 40 degree samples indicating that the functional form of the velocity curve is influenced by the structural properties of the sample; however, the stress measurements are unaffected by the texture.

Namkung, M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Steels For Rolling-Element Bearings

Bearing lives increased by attention to details of processing and applications. NASA technical memorandum discusses selection of steels for long-life rolling-element bearings. After brief review of advances in manufacturing, report discusses effect of cleanliness of bearing material on fatigue in rolling element. Also discusses fracture toughnesses of through-hardened and case-hardened materials.

Zaretsky, Erwin V.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Ion-beam nitriding of steels

A surface of a steel substrate is nitrided without external heating by exposing it to a beam of nitrogen ions under low pressure, a pressure much lower than that employed for ion-nitriding. An ion source is used instead of a glow discharge. Both of these features reduce the introduction of impurities into the substrate surface.

Salik, Joshua↗
NASA NTRS1988

Data requirements to model creep in 9Cr-1Mo-V steel

Models for creep behavior are helpful in predicting response of components experiencing stress redistributions due to cyclic loads, and often the analyst would like information that correlates strain rate with history assuming simple hardening rules such as those based on time or strain. On the one hand, much progress has been made in the development of unified constitutive equations that include both hardening and softening through the introduction of state variables whose evolutions are history dependent. Although it is difficult to estimate specific data requirements for general application, there are several simple measurements that can be made in the course of creep testing and results reported in data bases. The issue is whether or not such data could be helpful in developing unified equations, and, if so, how should such data be reported. Data produced on a martensitic 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb steel were examined with these issues in mind.

Swindeman, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Cyclic uniaxial and biaxial hardening of type 304 stainless steel modeled by the viscoplasticity theory based on overstress

The isotropic theory of viscoplasticity based on overstress does not use a yield surface or a loading and unloading criterion. The inelastic strain rate depends on overstress, the difference between the stress and the equilibrium stress, and is assumed to be rate dependent. Special attention is paid to the modeling of elastic regions. For the modeling of cyclic hardening, such as observed in annealed Type 304 stainless steel, and additional growth law for a scalar quantity which represents the rate independent asymptotic value of the equilibrium stress is added. It is made to increase with inelastic deformation using a new scalar measure which differentiates between nonproportional and proportional loading. The theory is applied to correlate uniaxial data under two step amplitude loading including the effect of further hardening at the high amplitude and proportional and nonproportional cyclic loadings. Results are compared with corresponding experiments.

Yao, David↗
NASA NTRS1988

Method of forming dynamic membrane on stainless steel support

A suitable member formed from sintered, powdered, stainless steel is contacted with a nitrate solution of a soluble alkali metal nitrate and a metal such as zirconium in a pH range and for a time sufficient to effect the formation of a membrane of zirconium oxide preferably including an organic polymeric material such as polyacrylic acid.

Gaddis, Joseph L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Fatigue behavior of 5Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel weldments containing fabrication discontinuities

The applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics to characterize the fatigue behavior of high-strength steel weldments containing lack-of-penetration (LOP) and slag/lack-of-fusion (S/LOF) discontinuities is explored. Full penetration, double-V butt welds with reinforcements removed were tested under zero-to-tension axial loading. Various filler metals and welding techniques were used. Both sound welds and welds containing discontinuities were cycled to failure. Where possible, cycles to crack initiation were estimated by strain gage measurements. The fracture mechanics approach was successful in correlating the fatigue lifetimes of specimens containing single LOP discontinuities of varying size. However, the fatigue behavior of specimens containing multiple S/LOF discontinuities proved to be much more complex and difficult to analyze.

Gill, Steven J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Results of inphase axial-torsional fatigue experiments on 304 stainless steel

A series of axial-torsional, inphase, strain-controlled, low-cycle fatigue tests were performed at room temperature on tubular specimens of 304 stainless steel. The program was conducted in cooperation with the task group on multiaxial fatigue research of ASTM committee E-09. The objective was to quantify the variability in multiaxial test results among several laboratories. Only included is data which was generated at the NASA Lewis Research Center's High Temperature Fatigue and Structures Laboratory. The experimental equipment and procedures used are described. The tubular specimens were polished on the outer surface to aid in the use of a cellulose film surface replication technique for crack detection. However, cracking initiated predominantly on the internal surface for all specimens. Honing of the bore of the tubular specimens lessened but did not entirely eliminate this problem. The observed fatigue lives are compared with lives calculated from three multiaxial life models. Constants for the life prediction models were obtained from uniaxial and torsional tests performed on the same heat of material. The observed fatigue lives agreed with calculated lives to within a factor of two for all but one of the life prediction models.

Bonacuse, Peter J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Stress corrosion study of PH13-8Mo stainless steel using the Slow Strain Rate Technique

The need for a fast and reliable method to study stress corrosion in metals has caused increased interest in the Slow Strain Rate Technique (SSRT) during the last few decades. PH13-8MoH950 and H1000 round tensile specimens were studied by this method. Percent reduction-in-area, time-to-failure, elongation at fracture, and fracture energy were used to express the loss in ductility, which has been used to indicate susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Results from a 3.5 percent salt solution (corrosive medium) were compared to those in air (inert medium). A tendency to early failure was found when testing in the vicinity of 1.0 x 10(-6) mm/mm/sec in the 3.5 percent salt solution. PH13-8Mo H1000 was found to be less likely to suffer SCC than PH13-8Mo H950. This program showed that the SSRT is promising for the SCC characterization of metals and results can be obtained in much shorter times (18 hr for PH steels) than those required using conventional techniques.

Torres, Pablo D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Analysis of microalloy precipitate reversion in steels

The influence of the ferrite to austenite allotropic transformation on the stability of MXn precipitates in an iron matrix is studied. In the MX phase, M is a group IVb or Vb transition metal, such as niobium, titanium, or vanadium. X is carbon or nitrogen and n is in the range of 0.75-1.0. The application of the present model to the case of vanadium carbide reversion in a microalloyed steel is discussed.

Michal, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Photodesorption from stainless steels

The photodesorption by low-energy photons from three types of stainless steels is examined. For all these systems both CO and CO2 were observed to photodesorb with high yields: about 0.001 molecules/photon for CO2 and about 0.0001 molecules/photon for CO at 250 nm. The observed threshold energies were found to be the same for all systems at E0 = 2.92 eV for CO2 and E0 = 2.92-3.10 eV for CO.

Mesarwi, A.↗