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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28

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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Simple Pattern Traffic Generation for Automated Flight Research in Non-Towered Traffic Patterns

Research efforts into autonomous air traffic will necessitate tools for testing algorithm capabilities. Testing will require flexible methods for creating large quantities of artificial data to verify the safety of automated systems. The traffic generation method in this work was developed to test traffic prediction and replanning algorithms for an autonomous vehicle attempting to land at a non-towered airport. The traffic generation method produces airport approach trajectories supporting a wide range of pattern entry types and typical pattern modification maneuvers for multiple aircraft types with varying performance capabilities. For each aircraft there are options for choosing the approach type, modifying how the approach is flown, and imposing scenario-driven temporal constraints, such as spacing between pairs of aircraft. The tool uses simplified aircraft dynamics to produce position and velocity profiles for traffic vehicles. Additionally, the tool supports standalone simulation tests or batch/bulk testing efforts, multiple output data options, and facilitates post-processing analysis.

Autonomous Vehicle↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis (CARA) Ground Systems, Software and Operations Infrastructure Cloud Implementation

The growing number of large-scale constellations and the improvements made in the tracking and detection of resident space objects have contributed to the increase of satellite conjunction events. As a result of the increase of objects in Earth orbit, the timeline for risk analysis computations for satellite collision avoidance is more urgent when conjunctions occur. It is imperative NASA maintains a space environment safety functionality for the agency that allows CARA remote access to the ground system while maintaining redundancy. CARA’s On-premises (On-prem) ground system would no longer be able to meet these access and redundancy requirements, hence the investigation and eventual implementation of a Cloud-based ground station infrastructure as a viable solution. This paper will provide an overview of the principal parts of the Conjunction Assessment (CA) risk analysis process used at CARA, summarize the key drivers towards the Cloud solution, and share key lessons learned that are significant for any operational entity considering a cloud solution for real-time satellite operations to ensure a sustainable space traffic environment for all.

Sustainability↗

DOE OSTI2024

Improvements in Optical Surface Measurement Using Reflected Computer Vision Targets

Since 2021, NREL has been developing a system to measure heliostats by measuring the deflection of printed computer vision targets, called the Reflected Target Non-intrusive Assessment (ReTNA) [6], [7]. While this system will have lower resolution than a fringe deflectometry system, it has several important advantages that make it a complimentary technology: 2D surface slope measurement can be generated from a single image, it can operate in ambient lighting, target points can be directly located in 3D space with photogrammetry allowing for a non-flat target, and it's well suited to using a smaller target, and multiple images to measure larger optical surfaces. ReTNA has undergone several significant changes and improvements, described below. This talk will summarize new system layouts designed for commercial use, new computer vision algorithms used to automate the analysis process and validation campaigns for the ReTNA software.

computer vision↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advanced Interactive 3D Visualization Tool for Customizable Analyses of Tomography Datasets in Material Science

Current methods for visualizing and analyzing 3D tomography datasets in materials science often lack the interactivity and depth required for detailed structural insights. This limitation restricts a researchers' ability to accurately interpret complex data, which is critical for advancing material innovations and understanding structural properties. To address this issue, we have developed a novel, web-based interactive 3D visualization and analysis tool from the Trame framework that offers customizable features to enhance data interpretability. The tool allows users to adjust parameters such as visible range, slice planes, data rotation, and layering, providing a more detailed and dynamic view of complex structures. Its user-friendly web interface increases the accessibility and ease of use for both novice and experienced researchers, to visualize large volumetric datasets. The tool supports a diverse range of data formats, making it versatile for various research applications. Unique capabilities include real-time data manipulation, automated feature detection, context-sensitive feedback, and real-time volume calculations and distributions per sliced region or layer, alongside the ability to quickly generate high-quality screenshots and videos for presentations and reports. These advancements offer a comprehensive solution for enhanced 3D data exploration, significantly improving the analysis process and communication of results in materials science.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

NASA NTRS1975

Study for identification of beneficial Uses of Space (BUS). Volume 2: Technical report. Book 3: Development and business analysis of space processed tungsten fox X-ray targets

The development plans, analysis of required R and D and production resources, the costs of such resources, and finally, the potential profitability of a commercial space processing opportunity for containerless melting and resolidification of tungsten are discussed. The aim is to obtain a form of tungsten which, when fabricated into targets for X-ray tubes, provides at least, a 50 percent increase in service life.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1990

Fourier analysis and signal processing by use of the Moebius inversion formula

A novel Fourier technique for digital signal processing is developed. This approach to Fourier analysis is based on the number-theoretic method of the Moebius inversion of series. The Fourier transform method developed is shown also to yield the convolution of two signals. A computer simulation shows that this method for finding Fourier coefficients is quite suitable for digital signal processing. It competes with the classical FFT (fast Fourier transform) approach in terms of accuracy, complexity, and speed.

Reed, Irving S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Analysis of cure in composites processing

Finite element analysis is a general numerical tool for solving the field equations of engineering practice, and this paper demonstrates its use in modeling the nonisothermal cure of pultruded composite material. A very simple grid is used in this case to model a narrow strip of material, and this grid is then solved using a time-stepping transient algorithm to simulate the passage of the strip along the pultruder die. As time proceeds, heat is conducted into the strip from the heated boundaries at the die walls, and cure proceeds at a rate dependent on the local temperature. The computer model can be used to minimize the time needed for sufficient cure, and helps avoid such processing errors as undercure or thermal degradation.

Aylward, L.↗

DOE OSTI2026

Process-level cost analysis of hybrid manufacturing pathways for aerospace structural components

Hybrid manufacturing is a promising route for producing complex aerospace components, yet systematic cost benchmarking across multiple additive-subtractive pathways remains limited. This study presents a comprehensive process-based cost analysis of seven hybrid manufacturing routes, including laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), powder- and wire-directed energy deposition (DED), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), additive friction stir deposition (AFSD), metal binder jetting (MBJ), and agility forging, followed by scanning and finish machining. Parametric cost models incorporating direct material, labor, and energy costs were developed. L-PBF results are discussed in detail for a pickle fork component and directly compared with commercial pricing. Across all hybrid routes, labor emerged as the dominant cost driver, contributing more than 70% of total manufacturing cost in some cases. AFSD exhibited the lowest cost for aluminum components, with MBJ being its 316 L stainless steel counterpart, after accounting for geometric scaling. Benchmarking against industrial quotes suggests that hybrid manufacturing can achieve cost levels comparable to those of commercial services, although labor-intensive processes exhibit greater deviation. The analysis highlights automation of material handling, setup, and supervision as key opportunities for improving economic competitiveness. Overall, the proposed framework provides a quantitative basis for evaluating and optimizing hybrid manufacturing pathways for aerospace applications.

Baruah, Sweta [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000174256207)↗

NASA NTRS1976

Contractor relationships and inter-organizational strategies in NASA's R and D acquisition process

Interorganizational analysis of NASA's acquisition process for research and development systems is discussed. The importance of understanding the contractor environment, constraints, and motives in selecting an acquisition strategy is demonstrated. By articulating clear project goals, by utilizing information about the contractor and his needs at each stage in the acquisition process, and by thorough analysis of the inter-organizational relationship, improved selection of acquisition strategies and business practices is possible.

Guiltinan, J.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data

The mesoscale analysis and space sensor (MASS) data management and analysis system on the research computer system is presented. The MASS data base management and analysis system was implemented on the research computer system which provides a wide range of capabilities for processing and displaying large volumes of conventional and satellite derived meteorological data. The research computer system consists of three primary computers (HP-1000F, Harris/6, and Perkin-Elmer 3250), each of which performs a specific function according to its unique capabilities. The overall tasks performed concerning the software, data base management and display capabilities of the research computer system in terms of providing a very effective interactive research tool for the digital processing of mesoscale analysis and space sensor data is described.

Hickey, J. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Encapsulation Processing and Manufacturing Yield Analysis

The development of encapsulation processing and a manufacturing productivity analysis for photovoltaic cells are discussed. The goals were: (1) to understand the relationships between both formulation variables and process variables; (2) to define conditions required for optimum performance; (3) to predict manufacturing yield; and (4) to provide documentation to industry.

Willis, P. B.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Integration of Structural Analysis and Manufacturing Process Planning for Global Optimization with Automated Fiber Placement

Design of mass-efficient composite structures intended for Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) requires close interaction between structural analysis and manufacturing process planning. Tools exist for each of these disciplines, but software interplay has been insufficient for rapid and efficient design iteration. Within the NASA Advanced Composites Consortium (ACC), the Design for Manufacturing (DFM) task has made significant progress towards linking these disciplines and respective software – HyperX (design), CAPP (process planning), and VCP (tool path generation). The initial focus in previous work was on data exchange between disciplines. The ability to both export and consume composite design and manufacturing data to and from each tool. This paper focuses on the effort to automate and streamline the connection between the tools listed above, with the goal of being able to automatically generate a composite AFP design that is mass-efficient and manufacturable. The optimization method being pursued is a bi-level approach, where each tool performs optimization within its discipline. The optimization in HyperX is focused on mass and laminate strength, while CAPP is focused on maximizing manufacturability. VCP is used to generate fiber paths for each design iteration. These sub-processes are wrapped with a global level optimization, driven by HyperX, used to converge the design. This paper describes the current state of this effort, which is a completed HyperX-VCP iteration loop and initial work on the HyperX-CAPP iteration loop. Additionally, example results are shown for a wind blade structure with double curvature.

Automated Fiber Placement↗

NASA NTRS2023

Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) Data Processing Algorithm Development and Analysis Assessment

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) was requested to provide space plasma instrumentation data analysis expertise in support of Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) data analysis and data processing algorithm development. Subject matter expertise was requested to support modification of FPMU data processing algorithms to account for aging of the FPMU instrument suite, improve the science quality of the FPMU data sets that are made available to the science community, and provide analysis of FPMU data for complex spacecraft orientation and geophysical situations. This document contains the results of the NESC assessment.

Floating Potential Measurement Unit↗

NASA NTRS1993

Analysis of pultrusion processing for long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite system

Pultrusion is one of the composite processing technology, commonly recognized as a simple and cost-effective means for the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced, resin matrix composite parts with different regular geometries. Previously, because the majority of the pultruded composite parts were made of thermosetting resin matrix, emphasis of the analysis on the process has been on the conservation of energy from various sources, such as heat conduction and the curing kinetics of the resin system. Analysis on the flow aspect of the process was almost absent in the literature for thermosetting process. With the increasing uses of thermoplastic materials, it is desirable to obtain the detailed velocity and pressure profiles inside the pultrusion die. Using a modified Darcy's law for flow through porous media, closed form analytical solutions for the velocity and pressure distributions inside the pultrusion die are obtained for the first time. This enables us to estimate the magnitude of viscous dissipation and it's effects on the pultruded parts. Pulling forces refined in the pultrusion processing are also analyzed. The analytical model derived in this study can be used to advance our knowledge and control of the pultrusion process for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite parts.

Tso, W.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Advanced robotics for in-space vehicle processing

An analysis of spaceborne vehicle processing is described. Generic crew-extravehicular activity tasks are presented for a specific vehicle, the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV), with general implications to other on-orbit vehicles. The OMV is examined with respect to both servicing and maintenance. Crew-EVA activities are presented by task and mapped to a common set of generic crew-EVA primitives to identify high-demand areas for robot services. Similarly, a set of robot primitives is presented that can be used to model robot actions for alternative robot reference configurations. The robot primitives are tied to technologies and used for composing robot operations for an automated refueling scenario. Robotics technology issues and design accommodation guidelines (hooks and scars) for Space Station Freedom are described.

Smith, Jeffrey H.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Advanced Robotics for In-Space Vehicle Processing

An analysis of spaceborne vehicle processing is described. Generic crew-EVA tasks are presented for a specific vehicle, the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV), with general implications to other on-orbit vehicles. The OMV is examined with respect to both servicing and maintenance. Crew-EVA activities are presented by task and mapped to a common set of generic crew-EVA primitives to identify high-demand areas for telerobot services. Similarly, a set of telerobot primitives is presented that can be used to model telerobot actions for alternative telerobot reference configurations. The telerobot primitives are tied to technologies and used for composting telerobot operations for an automated refueling scenario. Telerobotics technology issues and design accomodation guidelines (hooks and scars) for the Space Station Freedom are described.

Smith, Jeffrey H.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Methods utilized in evaluating the profitability of commercial space processing

Profitability analysis is applied to commercial space processing on the basis of business concept definition and assessment and the relationship between ground and space functions. Throughput analysis is demonstrated by analysis of the space manufacturing of surface acoustic wave devices. The paper describes a financial analysis model for space processing and provides key profitability measures for space processed isoenzymes.

Bloom, H. L.↗

NASA NTRS1974

An empirical analysis of the distribution of the duration of overshoots in a stationary gaussian stochastic process

This analysis utilizes computer simulation and statistical estimation. Realizations of stationary gaussian stochastic processes with selected autocorrelation functions are computer simulated. Analysis of the simulated data revealed that the mean and the variance of a process were functionally dependent upon the autocorrelation parameter and crossing level. Using predicted values for the mean and standard deviation, by the method of moments, the distribution parameters was estimated. Thus, given the autocorrelation parameter, crossing level, mean, and standard deviation of a process, the probability of exceeding the crossing level for a particular length of time was calculated.

Parrish, R. S.↗