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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2005

Online Metadata Directories: A way of preserving, sharing and discovering scientific information

The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) assists the scientific community in the discovery of and linkage to Earth Science data and provides data holders a means to advertise their data to the community through its portals, i.e. online customized subset metadata directories. These directories are effectively serving communities like the Joint Committee on Antarctic Data Management (JCADM), the Global Observing System Information Center (GOSIC), and the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamic Program (GLOBEC) by increasing the visibility of their data holding. The purpose of the Gulf of Maine Ocean Data Partnership (GoMODP) is to "promote and coordinate the sharing, linking, electronic dissemination, and use of data on the Gulf of Maine region". The participants have decided that a "coordinated effort is needed to enable users throughout the Gulf of Maine region and beyond to discover and put to use the vast and growing quantities of data in their respective databases". GoMODP members have invited the GCMD to discuss potential collaborations associated with this effort. The presentation will focus on the use of the GCMD s metadata directory as a powerful tool for data discovery and sharing. An overview of the directory and its metadata authoring tools will be given.

Meaux, M.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Satellite Sounder Products in NASA GES DISC & Services Supporting Their Applications

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), in collaboration with NASA Sounder Team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), provides processing, archiving, and distribution services for remotely-sensed data acquired by satellite sounders. Supported data sets begin chronologically with the legacy TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Pathfinder, continue to the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), a modern hyperspectral sounder onboard the Aqua satellite, and are followed by data from the subsequent Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) mission and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series CrIS missions. These satellite sounders provide long-term global observations of the atmospheric state, including temperature and humidity profiles, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud properties, and trace gases. Applications of sounder data products cover a broad range of fields, including meteorology climatology, hydrology, and air quality. The GES DISC has developed many services to assist users, including simplified and efficient methods for searching, accessing, downloading, and analytically exploring these satellite sounder data products. We have also developed the Giovanni system, a broadly used Web-based application, which provides a simple and intuitive way to visualize, analyze, and access Earth science remote sensing data. In this presentation, we will introduce the standard and near-real time sounder data products, and demonstrate our services through some use cases. Highlights of our service capabilities include data subset, vertical profile plot, inter-comparison, multi-year monthly/seasonal mean, interannual monthly/seasonal time series, and anomaly analysis.

Ding, Feng↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Building Capacity to Use Earth Observations for Health Applications: A Summary of NASA’s DEVELOP Program and Projects in Central and South America

NASA’s DEVELOP program engages individuals and organizations in 10-week feasibility studies to apply NASA Earth observations (EO) to decision makers’ needs. Since 2018, DEVELOP conducted 21 projects in Central and South America, eight of those in collaboration with Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA) and its member state partner agencies. These projects addressed a diverse set of community needs across multiple themes, including a project focused on monitoring aerosols using satellite-based measurements from Aqua and Terra MODIS, Suomi NPP VIIRS, and CALIPSO CALIOP and in situ data in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Panama. This poster introduces DEVELOP, its approach to capacity building, key partnerships, and project results highlighting the capabilities of Earth observations for enhanced decision making in the area of health.

Capacity Building↗
DOE OSTI2024

Discovery Science and Inertial Fusion Energy Research at the Jupiter Laser Facility (Research Performance Progress Report)

The goal of this project is to provide operational support to run the Jupiter Laser Facility within the LaserNetUS network to achieve the following four objectives: • Develop new science, techniques, and platforms for discovery science and IFE research, in partnership with academia, other LaserNetUS nodes, and the greater community. • Advance the development of secondary sources of photons and particles for applications relevant to discovery science and IFE; • Serve as a testbed for new laser, optical, target, and diagnostic capabilities that will advance IFE; • Attract, train, and retain talent in high-energy-density and laser science that will be essential in furthering development of IFE, and help build new collaborations between national laboratory and academic researchers. We have accomplished our four objectives by: • Providing access to the three JLF platforms (Titan, Janus, and COMET) to LaserNetUS users after their proposals have been independently reviewed and ranked by the LaserNetUS PRP; • Providing expertise and technical capabilities to support focused science research thrusts at the facility; • Promoting and maintaining technical relationships and collaborations with other members of the LaserNetUS community to nurture and grow the discovery science and IFE workforce— especially students and early career scientists—on LaserNetUS facilities. • Augmenting JLF with specific improvements while coordinating efforts with LLNL organizations and collaborators to provide users with optimal laser, target, and diagnostic resources to help them maximize technical impact.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Next Generation Sensor Development (CRADA Final Report)

B. Project Scope This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRBSF" or "Participant"), to research and develop advanced processing techniques to measure the fitness and authenticity of U.S. currency. The FRBSF previously partnered with LLNL to evaluate end-of-life predictions, review sensor requirements, develop communications protocols, and perform thermal analysis. These Strategic Partnership Projects (SPP) included SPP No. L20960 - Federal Reserve Currency Technology Office Studies, SPP No. L15900 - Development of a Common Detector Interface (CDI 2.0) Specification and Hardware Simulators, and SPP No. L15610 - Limited Design Review of a Second-Generation E-Material Authentication Sensor (EMAS2).

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
NASA NTRS1997

Space Biosensor Systems: Implications for Technology Transfer

To meet the need for continuous, automated monitoring of animal subjects, including; humans, during space flight, NASA is developing advanced physiologic sensor and biotelemetry system technologies. The ability to continuously track basic physiological parameters, such as heart rate, blood pH, and body temperature, in untethered subjects in space is a challenging task. At NASA's Ames Research Center, where a key focus is gravitational biology research, engineers have teamed with life scientists to develop wireless sensor systems for automated physiologic monitoring of animal models as small as the rat. This technology is also being adapted, in collaboration with medical professionals, to meet human clinical monitoring needs both in space and on the ground. Thus, these advanced monitoring technologies have important dual-use functions; they meet space flight data collection requirements and constraints, while concurrently addressing a number of monitoring and data acquisition challenges on the ground in areas of clinical monitoring and biomedical research. Additional applications for these and related technologies are being sought and additional partnerships established that enhance development efforts, reduce costs and facilitate technology infusion between the public and private sectors. This paper describes technology transfer and co-development projects that have evolved out of NASA's miniaturized, implantable chemical sensor development efforts.

Hines, J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation of Containment and Geomechanical Risks at Integrated Mid-Content Stacked Carbon Storage Hub Sites

The U.S. Department of Energy is leading the development of CCS through collaborative projects and programs to not only develop and demonstrate the technology but to also quantify the risks and provide tools that site operators can use to develop a site-specific understanding of their risk to enable successful project operations. This report summarizes results and findings from the application of risk-assessment tools to an industrial-scale Geologic Carbon Storage (GCS) project. Specifically, we applied the National Risk Assessment Partnership’s (NRAP) Open Integrated Assessment Model (NRAP-Open-IAM) and State of Stress Assessment Tool (SOSAT) to two candidate sites being considered for storage by the Integrated Midcontinent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub (IMSCS-Hub) project team. These sites, Sleepy Hollow Field in Nebraska and Patterson Field in Kansas, have historical oil and gas production and thus are attractive candidates to store the 50 million metric tons (Mt), which is the CarbonSAFE objective. Because these sites have historical operations, they have a significant number of existing wells that pose a risk for well leakage. Additionally, the storage formations will undergo significant pore pressure perturbation (i.e., increase due to CO 2 injection). Hence, we have selected the two NRAP tools best suited to study the risks associated with well leakage and geomechanical risks. The objective of the study was not only to assess the risk at the site, but to also improve the NRAP tools through application using real site data on an ongoing project.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Building Capacity to Use Earth Observations for Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity Applications: A Summary of NASA’s DEVELOP Program and Projects in Central and South America

NASA’s DEVELOP program engages individuals and organizations in 10-week feasibility studies to apply NASA Earth observations (EO) to decision makers’ needs. Since 2018, DEVELOP conducted 21 projects in Central and South America, eight of those in collaboration with Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA) and its member state partner agencies. These projects addressed a diverse set of community needs across multiple themes, including 11 addressing issues related to biodiversity and ecosystem services that utilized a suite of EO to measure and monitor deforestation, habitat suitability, and land change impacts on watershed health in Peru, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, and Colombia. This poster introduces DEVELOP, its approach to capacity building, key partnerships, and project results highlighting the capabilities of EO for enhanced decision making in the area of ecosystem services and biodiversity.

Capacity Building↗
NASA NTRS2019

Aerobracking the ExoMars TGO: the JPL Navigation Experience

In October 2016, ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter entered into orbit around Mars. The transfer from its initial 24-hour elliptical orbit into the final 2-hour science orbit was helped by means of 952 aerobraking passes between March 2017 and February 2018. For this first aerobraking operation by European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), a dedicated partnership was organized between ESOC and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to allow for JPL navigation team’s support during the TGO aerobraking operations. The Mission Design and Navigation section at JPL supported the mission by providing consulting in aerobraking navigation operations and independent orbit determination solutions during TGO’s aerobraking. This paper discusses the JPL Navigation team’s experience, challenges faced, and lessons learned during TGO’s aerobraking at Mars. Topics include the collaboration between the two navigation teams, configuration of orbit determination for aero drag passes, arrangement of automated orbit determination, and reporting processes.

Young, Brian↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Clothes Cleaning Research for Space Exploration

As the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to establish a sustainable presence on the Moon to prepare for missions to Mars, there is an increased need to find effective and sustainable laundry solutions that are compatible with space travel and reduce the need for clothing resupply. Research and development to overcome resource constraints in space can lead to new products and practices on Earth. This paper describes a collaboration between NASA and Procter & Gamble (P&G) to advance their individual goals as well as provide additional benefits to humanity through more sustainable use of resources. In particular, the two organizations have been working together since August 2020 to advance state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly laundry solutions. Both traditional and novel approaches are being considered and held up against strict resource constraints that may exist in space missions or on Earth in the future. The results of this work are expected to contribute to NASA’s strategic goal of extending human presence deeper into space and to the Moon for sustainable long-term exploration and utilization. Likewise, the collaboration will advance one of P&G’s 2030 corporate sustainability goals by promoting water savings among its 5 billion consumers.

laundry↗
NASA NTRS2021

NASA Ames Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory and AA FRMS - A Working Relationship

American Airlines and NASA Ames Research Center have a long-standing partnership to conduct human factors fatigue research in airline operations. Since 2016, using a mechanism known as a Space Act Agreement, NASA Ames’ Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory has worked with the American’s Fatigue Risk Management team to gather sleep and alertness data from volunteer flight crew members. Operations studied include long-range transpacific flights, timing of inflight rest breaks during augmented flights, and rates of acclimation related to flights making theater changes. This mutually beneficial collaborative working arrangement allows American to conduct operations of specific interest under the FAA’s Alternative Means of Compliance process and provides NASA with a means to gather and analyze data that can be used to inform operational safety-related decisions. Earlier this year, results from the study of inflight rest breaks was published in the journal Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. A total of 500 American pilots responded to a survey with landing crew reporting more and better-quality sleep during break 2 than break 3. Subsequent ratings of sleepiness and alertness at TOD were significantly better for crew who used break 2. Findings from this study were reported to the FAA leading to an inflight fatigue mitigation capability for many pilots in the industry. An upcoming study is to evaluate workload and alertness levels during Caribbean Turn (DFW-SJO-DFW) operations. For this study, the FRMS team and NASA will ask volunteers to collect data on sleep, workload, performance, and alertness using scientifically valid methods The information gained in this study will help inform how workload and fatigue interact with duty duration during short-haul, daytime operations.

in-flight rest↗
NASA NTRS2011

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission: Overview and U.S. Status

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission is an international satellite mission specifically designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational microwave sensors. The cornerstone of the GPM mission is the deployment of a Core Observatory in a 65 deg non-Sun-synchronous orbit to serve as a physics observatory and a transfer standard for inter-calibration of constellation radiometers. The GPM Core Observatory will carry a Ku/Ka-band Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and a conical-scanning multi-channel (10-183 GHz) GPM Microwave Radiometer (GMI). The first space-borne dual-frequency radar will provide not only measurements of 3-D precipitation structures but also quantitative information on microphysical properties of precipitating particles needed for improving precipitation retrievals from passive microwave sensors. The combined use of DPR and GMI measurements will place greater constraints on radiometer retrievals to improve the accuracy and consistency of precipitation estimates from all constellation radiometers. The GPM constellation is envisioned to comprise five or more conical-scanning microwave radiometers and four or more cross-track microwave sounders on operational satellites. NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plan to launch the GPM Core in July 2013. NASA will provide a second radiometer to be flown on a partner-provided GPM Low-Inclination Observatory (L10) to improve near real-time monitoring of hurricanes and mid-latitude storms. NASA and the Brazilian Space Program (AEB/IPNE) are currently engaged in a one-year study on potential L10 partnership. JAXA will contribute to GPM data from the Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W) satellite. Additional partnerships are under development to include microwave radiometers on the French-Indian Megha-Tropiques satellite and U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, as well as cross-track scanning humidity sounders on operational satellites such as the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP), POES, the NASA/NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), and EUMETSAT MetOp satellites. Data from Chinese and Russian microwave radiometers may also become available through international collaboration under the auspices of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and Group on Earth Observations (GEO). The current generation of global rainfall products combines observations from a network of uncoordinated satellite missions using a variety of merging techniques. Relative to current data products, GPM's "nextgeneration" precipitation products will be characterized by: (1) more accurate instantaneous precipitation estimate (especially for light rain and cold-season solid precipitation), (2) more frequent sampling by an expanded constellation of microwave radiometers including operational humidity sounders over land, (3) intercalibrated microwave brightness temperatures from constellation radiometers within a unified framework, and (4) physical-based precipitation retrievals from constellation radiometers using a common a priori hydrometeor database constrained by combined radar/radiometer measurements provided by the GPM Core Observatory. An overview of the GPM mission concept, the U.S. GPM program status and updates on international science collaborations on GPM will be presented.

Hou, Arthur Y.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Collaborative Design of Robust Adaptation Pathways for Urban Flooding Resilience in Baltimore

Urban pluvial flooding poses a growing threat to the city of Baltimore, driven by changes in climate and rainfall, increased impervious area, aging infrastructure, and severe social inequity. Adaptations to urban flooding should strengthen community-scale resilience while navigating the uncertainties associated with future actions. However, the highly uncertain future climate and conflicting stakeholder objectives complicate the selection of effective and socially acceptable strategies. This study addresses these challenges through a community-informed Multi Objective Robust Decision Making (MORDM) process, coupled with Dynamic Adaptation Policy Pathways (DAPP). Community stakeholders are engaged on a large scale through community partnerships, including priority identification sessions, focus groups, and metric identification workshops. The combination of community partnership, MORDM, and DAPP will create an original set of adaptation pathways which are aligned with community goals and values, and furthermore are adjustable under changing future constraints and conditions. This framework will enhance the city's capacity to respond to evolving pluvial flood conditions while accounting for diverse stakeholder interests and will provide guidance for addressing both the immediate and long-term challenges of urban flooding in Baltimore.

BSEC↗
NASA NTRS2010

Developing Nontraditional Partnerships to Disseminate the Space Science Story

NASA Space Science Days (NSSD) was established in 2004 to bring the story of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) to a community far removed from areas NASA traditionally serves. The original NSSD invited 400 5th and 8th graders from the Texas Rio Grande Valley area to the University of Texas Brownsville campus to participate in a one day Saturday event filled with information about MER with related hands on activities. Currently the program has grown to over 700 5th and 8th grade participants who are mentored by trained university students from several Texas universities and community colleges and growing to include universities from throughout the U.S. A collaboration between three major institutions: The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate (ARES), the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers/Advancing Hispanic Excellence in Technology Engineering, Math, and Science, (SHPE/AHETEMS), and the University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) has been established to enable the dissemination of Solar System related educational materials throughout the U.S. Already in its 8th year, UTB has developed and tested a NSSD model that has successfully disseminated space science materials to students throughout South Texas Rio Grande Valley. With this newly formed collaboration this model s expansion will allow trained SHPE students and professionals to conduct events throughout its established nation-wide delivery systems. Each year a new NSSD site will be established through an application process solicited from SHPE student and professional chapters. Once a chapter is awarded, upper-level high school and university students will travel to NASA- JSC for a two day workshop where students learn about the current year s theme and are trained to present hands-on activities related to the theme. Additional training by ARES and UTB occurs one month before the new event in their own communities. Both local middle school teachers and mentors are trained locally. This allows the teachers time to prepare their students with the background material for NSSD and give the mentors time to decide which activity they feel comfortable with to lead. Several events using this process have already been successful and an increase in interest from SHPE chapters wanting to establish their NSSD event is growing.

Galindo, Charles↗
DOE OSTI2020

Technical Cooperation on Verification and its Role in Trust Building

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it will demonstrate how technical cooperation on verification contributed to the softening of tensions and the improvement of trust between the United States and the Soviet Union. Because the scope of this endeavor is too broad to be adequately considered in the length of this work, the primary focus will be on the private and public partnerships on seismic and hydroacoustic test ban treaty verification that were forged between Soviet and American scientists from 1986-1988. In order to orient the analysis within the political-scientific landscape of the time, the discussion begins with a brief description of the arms control landscape in the early 1980s, including both the stances of the Reagan and Gorbachev administrations vis a vis nuclear test ban verification. The section concludes with an analysis of the two primary US-USSR collaborative projects in this key sphere – the test ban verification project conducted by the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and Soviet Academy of Sciences (SAS) and the Joint Verification Experiment (JVE) between the US and Soviet National Laboratories.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
NASA NTRS2014

The Use of the STAGS Finite Element Code in Stitched Structures Development

In the last 30 years NASA has worked in collaboration with industry to develop enabling technologies needed to make aircraft more fuel-efficient and more affordable. The focus on the airframe has been to reduce weight, improve damage tolerance and better understand structural behavior under realistic flight and ground loading conditions. Stitched structure is a technology that can address the weight savings, cost reduction, and damage tolerance goals, but only if it is supported by accurate analytical techniques. Development of stitched technology began in the 1990's as a partnership between NASA and Boeing (McDonnell Douglas at the time) under the Advanced Composites Technology Program and has continued under various titles and programs and into the Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project today. These programs contained development efforts involving manufacturing development, design, detailed analysis, and testing. Each phase of development, from coupons to large aircraft components was supported by detailed analysis to prove that the behavior of these structures was well-understood and predictable. The Structural Analysis of General Shells (STAGS) computer code was a critical tool used in the development of many stitched structures. As a key developer of STAGS, Charles Rankin's contribution to the programs was quite significant. Key features of STAGS used in these analyses and discussed in this paper include its accurate nonlinear and post-buckling capabilities, its ability to predict damage growth, and the use of Lagrange constraints and follower forces.

Jegley, Dawn C.↗
NASA NTRS2017

SSERVI Annual Report: Year 4

The SSERVI Central Office forms the organizational, administrative and collaborative hub for the domestic and international teams, and is responsible for advocacy and ensuring the long-term health and relevance of the Institute. SSERVI has increased the cross-talk between NASA’s space and human exploration programs, which is one of our primary goals. We bring multidisciplinary teams together to address fundamental and strategic questions pertinent to future human space exploration, and the results from that research are the primary products of the institute. The team and international partnership reports contain summaries of 2017 research accomplishments. Here we present the 2017 accomplishments by the SSERVI Central Office that focus on: 1) Supporting Our Teams, 2) Community Building, 3) Managing the Solar System Treks Portal (SSTP), and 4) Public Engagement.

Virtual Institute↗
NASA NTRS2013

Interagency Collaborators Develop and Implement ForWarn, a National, Near Real Time Forest Monitoring Tool

ForWarn is a satellite-based forest monitoring tool that is being used to detect and monitor disturbances to forest conditions and forest health. It has been developed through the synergistic efforts, capabilities and contributions of four federal agencies, including the US Forest Service Eastern Forest and Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Centers, NASA Stennis Space Center (SSC), Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and US Geological Survey Earth (USGS) Earth Research Observation System (EROS), as well as university partners, including the University of North Carolina Asheville's National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center (NEMAC). This multi-organizational partnership is key in producing a unique, path finding near real-time forest monitoring system that is now used by many federal, state and local government end-users. Such a system could not have been produced so effectively by any of these groups on their own. The forests of the United States provide many societal values and benefits, ranging from ecological, economic, cultural, to recreational. Therefore, providing a reliable and dependable forest and other wildland monitoring system is important to ensure the continued health, productivity, sustainability and prudent use of our Nation's forests and forest resources. ForWarn does this by producing current health indicator maps of our nation's forests based on satellite data from NASA's MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensors. Such a capability can provide noteworthy value, cost savings and significant impact at state and local government levels because at those levels of government, once disturbances are evident and cause negative impacts, a response must be carried out. The observations that a monitoring system like ForWarn provide, can also contribute to a much broader-scale understanding of vegetation disturbances.

Underwood, Lauren↗