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Antiorthostatic suspension as a model for the effects of spaceflight on the immune system
We describe the use and appropriateness of antiorthostatic suspension in immunological investigations. This manuscript describes the model and discusses how well data obtained by using the model correlate with spaceflight data. This review concludes with some suggestions for future experiments using antiorthostatic suspension.
Association of distinct mutational signatures with correlates of increased immune activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain poor. In addition, advances in next-generation sequencing provide a route to therapeutic approaches, and integrating DNA and RNA analysis with clinicopathologic data may be a crucial step toward personalized treatment strategies for this disease.
Association of Distinct Fine Specificities of Anti−Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies With Elevated Immune Responses to Prevotella intermedia in a Subgroup of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis
Objective In addition to the long‐established link with smoking, periodontitis ( PD ) is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ). This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism by which PD could induce antibodies to citrullinated peptides ( ACPA s), by examining the antibody response to a novel citrullinated peptide of cytokeratin 13 ( CK ‐13) identified in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ), and comparing the response to 4 other citrullinated peptides in patients with RA who were well‐characterized for PD and smoking. Methods The citrullinomes of GCF and periodontal tissue from patients with PD were mapped by mass spectrometry. ACPA s of CK 13 ( cCK 13), tenascin‐C ( cTNC 5), vimentin ( cVIM ), α‐enolase ( CEP ‐1), and fibrinogen β ( cFIB β) were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with RA (n = 287) and patients with osteoarthritis (n = 330), and cross‐reactivity was assessed by inhibition assays. Results A novel citrullinated peptide cCK 13‐1 ( 444 TSNASGR ‐Cit‐ TSDV ‐Cit‐ RP 458 ) identified in GCF exhibited elevated antibody responses in RA patients (24%). Anti– cCK 13‐1 antibody levels correlated with anti– cTNC 5 antibody levels, and absorption experiments confirmed this was not due to cross‐reactivity. Only anti– cCK 13‐1 and anti‐ cTNC 5 were associated with antibodies to the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia ( P = 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively), but not with antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis arginine gingipains. Levels of antibodies to CEP ‐1, cFIB β, and cVIM correlated with each other, and with smoking and shared epitope risk factors in RA. Conclusion This study identifies 2 groups of ACPA fine specificities associated with different RA risk factors. One is predominantly linked to smoking and shared epitope, and the other links anti– cTNC 5 and cCK 13‐1 to infection with the periodontal pathogen P intermedia .
Chronic Ingestion of Coal Fly-Ash Contaminated Prey and Its Effects on Health and Immune Parameters in Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
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IPD3, a master regulator of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, affects genes for immunity and metabolism of non-host Arabidopsis when restored long after its evolutionary loss
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is a beneficial trait originating with the first land plants, which has subsequently been lost by species scattered throughout the radiation of plant diversity to the present day, including the model Arabidopsis thaliana . To explore if elements of this apparently beneficial trait are still present and could be reactivated we generated Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of Interacting Protein of DMI3 , a key transcription factor that enables AM within the Common Symbiosis Pathway, which was lost from Arabidopsis along with the AM host trait. We characterize the transcriptomic effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis with and without exposure to the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis , and compare these results to the AM model Lotus japonicus and its ipd3 knockout mutant cyclops-4 . Despite its long history as a non-AM species, restoring IPD3 in the form of its constitutively active DNA-binding domain to Arabidopsis altered expression of specific gene networks. Surprisingly, the effect of expressing IPD3 in Arabidopsis and knocking it out in Lotus was strongest in plants not exposed to AMF, which is revealed to be due to changes in IPD3 genotype causing a transcriptional state, which partially mimics AMF exposure in non-inoculated plants. Our results indicate that molecular connections to symbiosis machinery remain in place in this nonAM species, with implications for both basic science and the prospect of engineering this trait for agriculture.
Modeling the Dichotomy of the Immune Response to Cancer: Cytotoxic Effects and Tumor-Promoting Inflammation
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Dietary optimal reduced glutathione improves innate immunity, oxidative stress resistance and detoxification function of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against microcystin-LR
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Systemic Inflammation-Immune Status Predicts Survival in Stage III-N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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HIF-1α induces immune escape of prostate cancer by regulating NCR1/NKp46 signaling through miR-224
Highlights: • This study clarified the mechanisms underlying prostate tumor cells escaping from NK cells mediated by HIF-1α. • NCR1 was identified as a target of miR-224, and the interaction between HIF-1α and miR-224 was validated in prostate cancer. • These findings of this study may facilitate the development of effective immunotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) is largely affected by natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying tumor cells escaping from NK cells mediated by HIF-1α.