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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

An Intelligent Power Electronic System for Secondary Use Batteries

This paper presents a plug-and-play power electronic system for integration of multiple energy storage system technologies. The system uses a communication and control architecture with individual developed modules to support scaling to larger systems for the electric grid. An optimization framework is also presented to demonstrate the functionality of the system. This system is shown to work in hardware with a constructed testbed to demonstrate different use cases and systems. Results are presented for a full efficiency cycle test.

Starke, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2021

Molten Salt Assisted Low-Temperature Electro-Catalytic Graphitization of Coal Chars

A great effort has been centered around developing clean energy technologies (energy storage devices) to curtail burning fossil fuels' deleterious environmental effects. Rechargeable batteries [lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)] are among the most invested and investigated storage devices showing potential to transform fossil fuel-powered mobility to next-generation safe electromobility. However, LIBs powered electric vehicles (EV) are expensive due to the high-cost graphite anode associated with LIBs. Herein, the synthesis of low-cost, highly crystalline nano-graphite with a tunable microstructural architecture has been demonstrated via molten salt assisted low-temperature electro-catalytic graphitization of coal chars, traditionally non-graphitizable carbon. Thus, graphite derived from coal chars exhibited nanoflake architecture and delivered high reversible capacity, stable long cycle life, and excellent electrochemical performance under fast charging/discharging conditions (5C, ~12 min charge/discharge time). This finding paves the way to manufacture cost-effective high-energy-density batteries using as-synthesized graphite from readily available coal sources that could propel the EVs to the next level.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Offshore Oil and Gas Infrastructure Reuse for CCS: Opportunities and Challenges in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

The United States Gulf of Mexico has historically been a significant oil and gas producing region and continues to produce hydrocarbons today. As such, significant investments have been made to install oil and gas infrastructure such as pipelines, platforms, and wells. As these assets reach the end of their useful life or production associated with the assets is curtailed, the assets become a liability for both the owner/operators and the U.S. and state governments responsible for regulating the assets. There are costs and risks associated with safely decommissioning the assets, and in some cases, the assets may be abandoned (e.g., the owner is no longer a going concern). In parallel, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has developed in the United States and interest and incentives for CCS projects have accelerated in recent years, with many public announcements of CCS projects in development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region. The region is particularly well-suited to CCS due to the high density of industry on the coastline (i.e., CO 2 sources) and favorable geology in the near-offshore region. CCS also requires the use of many of the same assets required for oil and gas production (pipelines, platforms, wells) and the oil and gas industry has direct experience with CO 2 transport and injection (i.e., EOR). Therefore, the combination of existing infrastructure in close proximity to potential CCS project sites appears to provide a potential “win-win” solution for re-use of existing oil and gas assets. This paper presents a high-level evaluation of oil and gas infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico with the goals of identifying the scale of the opportunity (e.g., how much existing infrastructure is realistically re-usable), identifying gaps in knowledge/policy/information required to evaluate existing infrastructure for re-use, and proposing key actions that could be pursued to further the assessment of existing infrastructure re-use for CCS.

Infrastructure, reuse, re-purpose, oil and gas, pi↗
DOE OSTI2021

CO 2 Mineralization Using Porous Carbon and Industrial Wastes to Make Multifunctional Concrete

Along with substantial benefits and promises of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, significant challenges exist in developing scalable materials and methods for capture and of CO 2 . The overarching objective of this project is to provide a system approach for developing a new CO 2 capture and utilization technology using porous carbon and industrial wastes to make a low-cost, scalable and multifunctional concrete product. The objective of Phase I of this project is to develop and fine-tune activated carbons from different wastes such as plastic wastes to offer a cheap, abundant and scalable feedstock for CO 2 uptake. The objective of Phase 2 is creating a facile protocol to develop a concrete prototype comprising CO 2 adsorbed activated carbon (e.g. from plastic wastes), followed by product validation, life-cycle analysis, and bench-scale testing. The project objectives are designed to specifically obtain a final product and technology that directly addresses the main goals of the DOE’s CCS programs.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Opportunities for Hybrid Wind and Solar PV Plants in India

The share of variable renewable energy (VRE) on India's grid has surpassed 100 GW, and the government has ambitious plans reach 450 GW by 2030. One strategy to increase wind and solar PV deployment is through the co-location of wind and solar PV plants to form a single hybrid power plant. Hybrid plants have the potential to reduce transmission infrastructure costs and variability in the output power profile compared to a standalone plant with a single technology, and this resource analysis aims to take a first step towards quantifying the potential savings from hybridizing wind and solar PV plants in India and the size of this opportunity. We utilize a brute-force optimization to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for standalone wind, standalone solar PV, and hybrid wind/solar PV plants across all of India. By comparing these LCOEs, we determine that locations where hybrid plants exhibit potential cost savings and grid benefits exhibit both; a high interconnection cost and; a wind capacity factor between roughly 34% and 38%. However, because our work does not capture the value of the electricity generated by looking at energy prices, nor does it quantify the potential of hybrids to provide other value streams such as firm capacity and reserves. Further, because the work does not compare solar PV and wind hybrids to alternative generation technologies or storage systems, it cannot be considered a holistic cost-benefit analysis.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Initial Risk Inventory for Commercial Scale Storage Sites

The “Southeast Regional CO 2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership” (SECARB-USA) project supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) mission to help the United States meet its need for secure, affordable, and environmentally sound fossil energy supplies by utilizing the advancements made since 2003 by the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Initiative to continue to identify and address knowledge gaps. The SECARB-USA regional initiative encompasses the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and portions of Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia. The primary objective of the project is to identify and address regional onshore storage and transport challenges facing commercial deployment of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This document provides an overview of risks relevant to commercial CCUS projects.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

Southeast Regional CO 2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership (SECARB-USA): Initial Inventory of Non-Technical Challenges to CCUS Deployment

The “Southeast Regional CO 2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership” (SECARBUSA) project supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) mission to help the United States meet its need for secure, affordable, and environmentally sound fossil energy supplies by utilizing the advancements made by the current Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Initiative to continue to identify and address knowledge gaps. The primary project objective is to identify and address regional onshore storage and transport challenges facing commercial deployment of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. The Research Partners and a selected industry network of experienced CCUS project developers and operators will coordinate their capabilities to accelerate CCUS deployment by achieving four primary research objectives: 1) address key technical challenges; 2) facilitate data collection, sharing and analysis; 3) assess transportation and distribution infrastructure; and 4) promote regional technology transfer and dissemination of knowledge. The SECARB-USA Region includes the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia and portions of Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia. Under subtask 5.2: Non-Technical Challenges to CCUS Deployment, the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) will define and identify An Inventory of Non-Technical Challenges to CCUS Deployment. As an initial step, SSEB organized an Industry and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Working Group comprised of knowledgeable market participants to assist in the development of an initial list of non-technical challenges to CCUS development.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

SHASTA-HELP: Hydrogen Estimator for Logistical Planning Tool

Underground reservoirs offer a promising option for medium- and long-term hydrogen storage that could potentially be safer and more cost-effective than surface alternatives. Currently, there are three underground hydrogen storage (UHS) facilities in the United States, which operate solely in salt caverns and store hydrogen primarily for industrial purposes. Salt formations favorable for geologic storage are geographically limited in the U.S. If a hydrogen economy is to develop, expansion of UHS to other geologic formations such as depleted gas fields and saline aquifers will be necessary to increase the availability of hydrogen storage. While research into the feasibility of storing hydrogen in these formations is ongoing, tools and methodologies are needed for characterizing the hydrogen storage potential in these reservoirs. We introduce the Hydrogen Estimator for Logistical Planning (HELP) tool from the Subsurface Hydrogen Assessment, Storage, and Technology Acceleration (SHASTA) project (https://edx.netl.doe.gov/shasta). SHASTA-HELP is a suite of web-based tools that have numerous capabilities for UHS project planning.

Haeri, Foad↗
DOE OSTI2024

Maximizing Demand Flexibility with Buildings and FERC 2222

In 2020, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved a rule, Order 2222, that requires market operators to create pathways enabling distributed energy resource aggregators (DERAs) to compete in all regional organized wholesale electric markets. The goal is to encourage various forms of distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in electricity markets in a way that would enhance competition, encourage innovation, and drive down costs for consumers. In this document, we briefly discuss how FERC Order 2222 affects the opportunities for participation in electricity markets for building owners and operators, the role of aggregators, and the involvement of buildings in the electricity market.

demand flexibility↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy Storage Analysis

This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic characterization of energy storage and exible low carbon power generation technologies that can shift energy across days, weeks, or months to balance daily, weekly, and seasonal disparities in supply and demand. Energy storage technologies evaluated here include pumped hydropower storage (PHS), adiabatic and diabatic compressed air energy storage (CAES), vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs), pumped thermal energy storage (P-TES), and renewably produced hydrogen stored in either geologic formations or underground pipes with re-electrification via combustion turbines in combined cycles, stationary proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, or the novel use of PEM fuel cells designed for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) which are expected to have shorter lives but also lower capital costs. We also evaluate flexible low-carbon power generation systems, including ethanol combustion in gas turbines and natural gas combustion with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). We estimate current costs with literature data, use learning rates to characterize future costs, and develop capacity factors calibrated to an 85% renewables grid to calculate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of each technology. Results illustrate that at the 12-hour storage duration, PHS and CAES have the lowest LCOE with current costs, and VRBs become competitive if future costs are achieved. At the 120-hour storage duration, hydrogen systems with geologic storage and natural gas with CCS achieve the lowest LCOE in both current and future capital cost scenarios. In particular, the new configuration of HDV-PEM fuel cells with hydrogen storage in geologic formations evaluated here could lower the LCOE by 22-27% compared to stationary fuel cell systems typically evaluated and might help enable very high (>80%) renewable energy electric power systems. P-TES and hydrogen stored in underground pipes are the least-cost options at the 120-hour storage duration rating that do not require some form of geologic storage. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis illustrate that the general trends seen in this study are valid for a wide range of capacity factors and future cost scenarios. The study also illustrates that coproducing and selling hydrogen to other markets could reduce the LCOE of hydrogen systems by up to 39%.

carbon capture and sequestration↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy Storage in Long-Term System Models: A Review of Considerations, Best Practices, and Research Needs

Technological change and policy support have heightened expectations for the role of energy storage in power systems, creating a need to enhance representations of energy storage in long-term models to inform decision-making. Energy storage technologies have complex and diverse cost, value, and performance characteristics that make them challenging to model, but there is limited guidance about best practices and research gaps for energy storage analysis. This paper reviews the literature and draws upon our collective experience to provide recommendations to analysts on approaches for representing energy storage in long-term electric sector models, navigating tradeoffs in model development, and identifying research gaps for existing tools and data. The review focuses on national-scale models with technological, temporal, and regional detail given their prevalence in planning and policy, though many insights are transferable to other modeling contexts. It also offers guidance to consumers of model outputs on proper use and interpretation based on model strengths and limitations. In particular, this review demonstrates the importance of capturing how the values of energy storage and other resources change as the system composition changes (e.g. with different levels of storage, renewables deployment, and emissions outcomes). These considerations require model detail like high spatiotemporal resolutions and endogenous investments that global integrated assessment models and price-taker frameworks do not typically resolve. Research gaps include linking tools of different resolutions, developing reduced-form representations of value streams, incorporating hybrid energy storage and renewable systems, and representing longer-duration energy storage technologies.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2020

Operando Tailoring of Defects and Strains in Corrugated β-Ni(OH) 2 Nanosheets for Stable and High-Rate Energy Storage

Nickel hydroxide represents a technologically important material for energy storage, such as hybrid supercapacitors. It has two different crystallographic polymorphs, α- and β-Ni(OH) 2 , showing advantages in either theoretical capacity or cycling/rate performance, manifesting a trade-off trend that needs to be optimized for practical applications. In this work, the synergistic superiorities in both activity and stability of corrugated β-Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets are demonstrated through an electrochemical abuse approach. With ≈91% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, the corrugated β-Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets can deliver a gravimetric capacity of 457 C g -1 at a high current density of 30 A g -1 , which is nearly two and four times that of the regular α- and β-Ni(OH) 2 , respectively. Operando spectroscopy and finite element analysis reveal that greatly enhanced chemical activity and structural robustness can be attributed to the in situ tailored lattice defects and the strain-induced highly curved micromorphology. This work demonstrates a multi-scale defect-and-strain co-design strategy, which is helpful for rational design and tuned fabrication of next-generation electrode materials for stable and high-rate energy storage.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Adapting the Technology Performance Level Integrated Assessment Framework to Low-TRL Technologies Within the Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Industry, Part I

With the urgent need to mitigate climate change and rising global temperatures, technological solutions that reduce atmospheric CO 2 are an increasingly important part of the global solution. As a result, the nascent carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) industry is rapidly growing with a plethora of new technologies in many different sectors. There is a need to holistically evaluate these new technologies in a standardized and consistent manner to determine which technologies will be the most successful and competitive in the global marketplace to achieve decarbonization targets. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic assessment (TEA) have been employed as rigorous methodologies for quantitatively measuring a technology's environmental impacts and techno-economic performance, respectively. However, these metrics evaluate a technology's performance in only three dimensions and do not directly incorporate stakeholder needs and values. In addition, technology developers frequently encounter trade-offs during design that increase one metric at the expense of the other. The technology performance level (TPL) combined indicator provides a comprehensive and holistic assessment of an emerging technology's potential, which is described by its techno-economic performance, environmental impacts, social impacts, safety considerations, market/deployability opportunities, use integration impacts, and general risks. TPL incorporates TEA and LCA outputs and quantifies the trade-offs between them directly using stakeholder feedback and requirements. In this article, the TPL methodology is being adapted from the marine energy domain to the CCUS domain. Adapted metrics and definitions, a stakeholder analysis, and a detailed foundation-based application of the systems engineering approach to CCUS are presented. The TPL assessment framework is couched within the internationally standardized LCA framework to improve technical rigor and acceptance. It is demonstrated how stakeholder needs and values can be directly incorporated, how LCA and TEA metrics can be balanced, and how other dimensions (listed earlier) can be integrated into a single metric that measures a technology's potential.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Energy Storage Financing: Operations & Market Strategy

This study investigates the impact that operations and market strategy have on the design and value of an energy storage system on three levels of the facility: the cell level, the system level, and the project level. The study provides insights for developers, capital providers, customers and policy makers into the impact different operational strategies have on effectiveness of energy storage system in today's emerging market. Energy storage systems can be used for a variety of usage profiles, with the choice having a profound impact on their performance, lifespan, and revenue potential. Most evaluations of application stacking only look at the possible revenue potential without understanding the increased costs and potential for major damage to the cells. Evaluating the impact of operational choices is critical to understanding the risk adjusted return from energy storage project investment. This is the fifth study in the Energy Storage Financing Study series, which is designed to investigate challenges surrounding the financing of energy storage projects in the U.S., promoting greater technology and project risk transparency, reducing project transaction costs, and supporting a level playing field for innovative energy storage technologies.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Life Cycle Assessment for Closed-Loop Pumped Hydropower Energy Storage in the United States

The federal government has initiated an aggressive set of policies to achieve a net-zero carbon emission goal for the electricity sector by 2050. As a result, rapid growth in deployment of renewable energy technologies is expected. Most commercially mature technologies are temporally variable and do not provide grid inertia, while renewable technologies with high projected deployment have intermittent generation methods. Energy storage technologies are needed to both dispatch power on-demand and help provide the needed grid inertia. Pumped storage hydro (PSH) is a well-established technology that has gained renewed interest in recent years offering energy-balancing, grid stability, control of electrical network frequency, and large-scale storage capacity. For widespread adoption of PSH, more information is needed regarding its current life cycle environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to perform a full life cycle assessment (LCA) of new closed-loop PSH in the U.S. The functional unit for this study is 1 kWh of electrical power delivered to the grid and the base case project lifetime is 80 years. The life cycle inventory for this project accounts for all material and energy flows associated with the green-field construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of a closed-loop PSH plant in the U.S. Collected data represents a range of potential PSH specifications and geographic locations coming from all prospective closed-loop PSH installations in the U.S. with data available. In addition, existing PSH installations are used to provide assumptions for inventory inputs. Results presented will include the global warming potential (GWP IPCC 100a) and Energy Return on Investment (EROI) from our base case (average PSH installation) as well as from scenario analyses and model sensitivity. These results will be compared to the impacts from existing PSH sites and alternate storage technologies. Methods align with the assumptions and guidelines put in place by previous PSH LCAs to ensure an accurate comparison with the results from this report.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterization of solid particle candidates for application in thermal energy storage and concentrating solar power systems

Thermal energy storage (TES) enables concentrating solar power to remain competitive in the renewable energy mix by firming up intermittent solar resource and providing grid services such as load shifting. Free from siting constraints, stand-alone TES systems show promise as a low-cost alternative to traditional pumped-storage hydropower or compressed air energy storage. At the core of all TES technologies is a storage medium, the selection of which governs many aspects of system design and operation. Although the majority of commercial installations utilize molten salts, solid particles can demonstrate stability over wider temperature ranges. This amounts to increased energy storage densities and corresponding reductions in system cost which is essential in achieving low-cost energy storage. In this work, eight solid particle candidates are systematically identified and screened for application in a specific particle-TES system. The five most promising candidates (CARBO CP and HSP, calcined flint clay (CFC), brown fused alumina (BFA), and silica sand) are further characterized by size and morphology for fluidization suitability, flowability for particle transport, and thermal stability. Calcined flint clay and brown fused alumina are eventually down-selected due to thermal instability at the target operational temperature of 1200 °C. Although the physical characteristics of CARBO outperform silica sand in all categories examined, the marginal performance gains are considered insufficient to justify the additional media cost so silica sand is selected as the leading candidate. Within the silica sand (α-quartz) space, the high end of Geldart Group B particles is identified to satisfy the target fluidization regime for the application of interest without compromising particle flowability. Here, in focused testing, Silica 460 is shown to exhibit sufficient stability through long-duration (500-hour) thermal and cyclic testing (1200 °C), 10-hour testing at 1400 °C, and in contact with candidate refractory containment materials. Finally, an average heat capacity of 1.1 J/g∙ °C is measured over 300-1200 °C with a quartz inversion enthalpy (ΔH α-β ) of 10.7J/g.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗