Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “upgrades”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Design Progress for the 22 GeV CEBAF Energy Upgrade

Extending the energy reach of CEBAF up to 22 GeV within the existing tunnel is being explored. Proposed energy upgrade can be achieved by increasing the number of recirculations, while using the existing CEBAF SRF cavity system. A proposal was formulated to raise CEBAF energy by replacing the highest-energy arcs with FFA arcs. The new pair of arcs configured with FFA (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) lattice would support simultaneous transport of additional 6 passes with energies spanning a factor of two, using the non-scaling FFA principle implemented with Halbach-derived permanent magnets - a novel magnet technology that significantly saves energy and lowers operating costs. The design involves new optics for the linacs and remaining electromagnetic arcs, as well as new electromagnetic switchyard. These feed into the permanent magnet FFA arcs. We also report on ongoing beam dynamics studies and mitigating measures to alleviate energy loss and emittance dilution due to synchrotron radiation.

Bogacz, Alex [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerato↗
DOE OSTI2026

Detector architecture and data flow of the CMS HGCAL Phase-2 Endcap Calorimeter Upgrade

The CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is the Phase-2 endcap calorimeter upgrade for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, designed to provide precise spatial, energy, and timing measurements in a high-radiation, high-pileup environment. This work presents an overview of the HGCAL assembly process, detector architecture, and end-to-end data flow. The data flow goes from signal generation in silicon sensors and scintillator tiles through front-end electronics, optical transmission, and back-end data acquisition. The study highlights how the integrated detector, electronics, and readout systems enable efficient event reconstruction and support the physics objectives of the HL-LHC.

Osei Boakye, Prince [Grambling State U.]↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Upgrade of Horizon-T Detector

The Horizon-T experiment is located at the elevation of 3346 m above sea level near the city of Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan. A thorough comparison of the spatial and temporal characteristics of charged components of Extended Air Showers (EAS) with delayed particles has been conducted between the simulated EAS using CORSIKA simulation package and the selection from the experimental data set of events with two pulses recorded by a detector at ~600 m distance from axis [1]. This comparison has shown that events with delayed particles cannot be described within existing simulation models. The significance of these results prompted the upgrade of the Horizon-T experiment. New detector points have been added at the ~600m to enhance data at that distance. Fast glass-based detector has been added to the scintillator-based detector at center point for accurate measurements of the pulse widths.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design and construction of the CMS Outer Tracker for the Phase-2 Upgrade

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of $3000-4000\;$fb$^{-1}$ after 10 years of operation with peak instantaneous luminosity reaching about $5-7.5\times10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. During Long Shutdown 3, several components of the CMS detector will undergo major changes, called Phase-2 upgrades, to be able to operate in the challenging environment of the HL-LHC. The current CMS silicon strip tracker has to be replaced with a new detector. The Phase-2 Outer Tracker (OT) will have high radiation tolerance, higher granularity and the capability to handle higher data rates. Another key feature of the OT will be to provide tracking information to the Level-1 trigger, allowing trigger rates to be kept at a sustainable level without sacrificing physics potential. For this, the OT will be made out of modules which have two closely spaced sensors read out by front-end ASICs, which can correlate hits in the two sensors creating short track segments, called stubs. The stubs will be used for tracking in the L1 track finder. In this contribution, the design of the CMS Phase-2 OT, the technological choices and first results with prototype devices are reported.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

UPGRADE-E: Understanding Patterns Guiding Residential Adoption and Decisions about Energy Efficiency

This work represents the largest and most comprehensive dataset to-date of responses surveyed from U.S. residents regarding home modifications and energy-related decision-making, including both objective measures describing the occupants and their homes and subjective measures describing the more unpredictable human factors behind residential decision-making. First, to develop the survey, we interviewed 121 individual decision-makers within their households regarding planned or completed projects. We used the insights of these interviews to design a survey that was distributed to 10,000 households across the U.S. The overarching topics approached in the survey include descriptive information about the respondent, their household, their home, home modifications they have made, and the human cognition-based contextual factors involved in home projects and decision-making, such as preferences, motivations, barriers, and information sources. The processed data from the survey was compiled into a dataset entitled UPGRADE-E: Understanding Patterns Guiding Residential Adoption and Decisions about Energy Efficiency and represents the basis for the analyses included in this paper. The dataset represents a rich repository of home energy technology and modification decision-making results, the largest of its kind to-date. The abundance of contextual considerations within this dataset provides a robust resource for continual analysis, with possibilities for considering cross-cuts of data from a variety of perspectives.

Fuentes, Tracy L↗
DOE OSTI2021

Canadian Oil Sands Extraction and Upgrading: A Synthesis of the Data on Energy Consumption, CO 2 Emissions, and Supply Costs

As Canadian crude bitumen production from oil sands has increased in recent decades, the nation’s oil and gas industry has become a significant contributor to national greenhouse gas emissions. Canada has developed carbon emission reduction targets to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions and Mid-Century Strategy goals. A detailed profile of energy consumption pathways in the oil sands industry is necessary to identify potential areas of improvement and to monitor progress toward meeting emissions reduction targets. Much of the existing literature for oil sands modeling provides input assumptions with different technological boundaries. For a set of oil sands extraction and upgrading technologies, this study first reviews the literature and then quantifies energy input requirements, CO 2 emissions, and operating costs for a set of consistent technological boundaries and energy units. Summary results refer to requirements and costs at the production facility, excluding transportation and blending costs. An energy system diagram of oil sands production that matches these boundaries is provided, which can be used by integrated assessment models, oil sands companies, and government ministries to evaluate the present and future energy consumption and emissions pathways of the oil sands industry.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2021

Recovery and Enhanced Upgrading of Rare Earth Elements from Coal-Based Resources: Bioleaching and Precipitation

Rare earth elements (REEs) are of great importance to modern society and their reliable supply is a major concern of many industries that utilize them in metal alloys, semiconductors, electrical equipment, and defense equipment. REEs in the coal waste have been revealed to be an alternative resource for REEs production. In this study, the extraction, recovery, and upgrading of the REEs from coal waste has been realized with the bioleaching and precipitation processes. Reliable and sustainable acid and oxidant production from the oxidation of the pyrite with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to generate acid for leaching were realized in this research. The acidified bioleaching solution was used to extract REEs from coal waste, with 13–14% yields for most REE elements (~72 h of leaching). However, recovery for longer duration tests was significant higher (varies from 40–60% for individual REEs). After extraction, precipitation and separation processes were designed with the aid of Visual Minteq calculations and modeling to concentrate the REEs. With the procedures designed in this research, a final REEs precipitate product containing 36.7% REEs was produced.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

The ATLAS Inner Tracker Strip Detector System for the Phase-II Large Hadron Collider Upgrade

ATLAS is currently preparing for the HL-LHC upgrade, with an all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) that will replace the current Inner Detector. The ITk will feature a pixel detector surrounded by a strip detector, with the strip system consisting of four barrel layers and 12 endcap disks. After successful completion of a large-scale prototyping program, final design reviews have been completed in key areas, such as sensors, modules, front-end electronics, and ASICs. We present an overview of the strip system and highlight the final design choices of sensors, modules, and ASICs. We summarize the results achieved during prototyping and the current status of production and pre-production on various detector components, with an emphasis on QA and QC procedures.

Duden, Emily (ORCID:0000000290929344)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Performance of SK-Gd’s Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System

Among multimessenger observations of the next Galactic core-collapse supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the optical signal. In 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd’s real-time supernova monitoring system has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice, a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released on 2021 December 13, and is available through GCN Notices. When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a systematic study of SK-Gd’s response to a simulated Galactic SN. Assuming a supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are used to characterize SK-Gd’s pointing accuracy using the same tools as the online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from 3° to 7° depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than 10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view.

Core-collapse supernovae↗
DOE OSTI2025

European Contributions to Fermilab Accelerator Upgrades and Facilities for the DUNE Experiment

The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II) to the FNAL accelerator chain and the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will provide the world's most intense neutrino beam to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) enabling a wide-ranging physics program. This document outlines the significant contributions made by European national laboratories and institutes towards realizing the first phase of the project with a 1.2 MW neutrino beam. Construction of this first phase is well underway. For DUNE Phase II, this will be closely followed by an upgrade of the beam power to > 2 MW, for which the European groups again have a key role and which will require the continued support of the European community for machine aspects of neutrino physics. Beyond the neutrino beam aspects, LBNF is also responsible for providing unique infrastructure to install and operate the DUNE neutrino detectors at FNAL and at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The cryostats for the first two Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detector modules at SURF, a contribution of CERN to LBNF, are central to the success of the ongoing execution of DUNE Phase I. Likewise, successful and timely procurement of cryostats for two additional detector modules at SURF will be critical to the success of DUNE Phase II and the overall physics program. The DUNE Collaboration is submitting four main contributions to the 2026 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics process. This paper is being submitted to the 'Accelerator technologies' and 'Projects and Large Experiments' streams. Additional inputs related to the DUNE science program, DUNE detector technologies and R&D, and DUNE software and computing, are also being submitted to other streams.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Advanced-Research-on-Integrated-Energy-Systems-Based Analysis to Support Resilient System Upgrades: Energy to Communities Energyshed In-Depth Partnership with Molokai, Hawaii

The Molokai, Hawaii, Energy to Communities (E2C) Energyshed project represents a collaborative effort between the National Laboratory of the Rockies, Shake Energy Collaborative, the Molokai Clean Energy Hui, Sustainable Molokai, and Ho'ahu Energy Cooperative Molokai to advance Molokai's Community Energy Resilience Action Plan (CERAP). Supported by Hawaiian Electric Company and the Hawaii State Energy Office, the initiative aims to develop a community-defined portfolio of renewable energy solutions that enhance energy resilience while aligning with the Hawaiian Electric Integrated Grid Plan (IGP) and Molokai's energy goals. Phase 1 focused on technical analyses and community engagement to co-design feasible energy scenarios. Challenges such as grid upgrades, storage sizing, and inverter ride-through standards were addressed to align technical and operational requirements with community preferences. The project equips Molokai with actionable data and insights to implement energy initiatives while ensuring resilient and culturally informed solutions. Future efforts aim to finalize project designs, secure interconnection agreements, and deploy energy projects that reflect community priorities and technical feasibility.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Overview of the TCV tokamak program: Scientific progress and facility upgrades

The TCV tokamak is augmenting its unique historical capabilities (strong shaping, strong electron heating) with ion heating, additional electron heating compatible with high densities, and variable divertor geometry, in a multifaceted upgrade program designed to broaden its operational range without sacrificing its fundamental flexibility. The TCV program is rooted in a three-pronged approach aimed at ITER support, explorations towards DEMO, and fundamental research. A 1 MW, tangential neutral beam injector (NBI) was recently installed and promptly extended the TCV parameter range, with record ion temperatures and toroidal rotation velocities and measurable neutral-beam current drive. ITER-relevant scenario development has received particular attention, with strategies aimed at maximizing performance through optimized discharge trajectories to avoid MHD instabilities, such as peeling-ballooning and neoclassical tearing modes. Experiments on exhaust physics have focused particularly on detachment, a necessary step to a DEMO reactor, in a comprehensive set of conventional and advanced divertor concepts. The specific theoretical prediction of an enhanced radiation region between the two X-points in the low-field-side snowflake-minus configuration was experimentally confirmed. Fundamental investigations of the power decay length in the scrape-off layer (SOL) are progressing rapidly, again in widely varying configurations and in both D and He plasmas; in particular, the double decay length in L-mode limited plasmas was found to be replaced by a single length at high SOL resistivity. Experiments on disruption mitigation by massive gas injection and electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) have begun in earnest, in parallel with studies of runaway electron generation and control, in both stable and disruptive conditions; a quiescent runaway beam carrying the entire electrical current appears to develop in some cases. Developments in plasma control have benefited from progress in individual controller design and have evolved steadily towards controller integration, mostly within an environment supervised by a tokamak profile control simulator. TCV has demonstrated effective wall conditioning with ECRH in He in support of the preparations for JT-60SA operation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1972

Upgrading and extended testing of the MSC integrated water and waste management hardware

The results are presented of upgrading and testing an integrated water and waste management system, which uses the compression distillation, reverse osmosis, adsorption filtration and ion-exchange processes to recover potable water from urine, flush water and used wash water. Also included is the development of techniques for extending the useful biological life of biological filters, activated carbon filters and ion-exchange resins to at least 30 days, and presterilizing ion-exchange resins so that sterile water can be recovered from waste water. A wide variety of reverse osmosos materials, surfactants and germicides were experimentally evaluated to determine the best combination for a wash water subsystem. Full-scale module tests with real wash water demonstrated that surface fouling is a major problem.

Bambenek, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Lewis Research Center support of Chrysler upgraded engine program

Running of the upgraded engine has indicated that, although the engine is mechanically sound, it is deficient in power. Recent modifications and corrective action have improved this. Testing of the engine is being done in the test cell. This simulates an automobile installation. Located in the inlet flow ducts are two turbine flow meters to measure engine air flow.

Warren, E. L.↗