Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “BACKSCATTERING”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of magnetic field using Rayleigh backscattering in optical fibres

In this paper, we investigate the use of optical reflectometry in optical fibres for the measurement of magnetic field. The dedicated application concerns the measurement of plasma current in the fusion reactor. The measurement is based on the rotation of the polarization state of the Rayleigh backscattered signal when an optical pulse is launched in the fibre. Particular care has been undertaken to evaluate the impact of linear birefringence on the measurement performance. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Characterising nuclear simulant suspensions in situ with an acoustic backscatter system

In situ characterisation of radio-toxic sludges and slurries is critical to numerous operations including those involving their transport and retrieval. An inexpensive, flexible acoustic backscatter system has been employed for the first time here to a 4/10. scale active storage tank comprising of a nuclear simulant suspension, to verify its application. Intricate suspension characteristics and tank operation features emerged. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

Investigation into Texture and Structure of MA2-1PCh Magnesium Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Extrusion and Annealing by Quantitative X-Ray Texture Analysis and Electron Backscatter Diffraction

This article discusses application of quantitative X-ray texture analysis (QTXA) based on measurement of direct pole figures and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) aimed at study of peculiarities of formation of texture and structure of MA2-1pch magnesium alloy after equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and subsequent annealing. Shear bands with the width of 60 μm oriented at 45°–50° to the extrusion direction are revealed, where an inclined scattered basis texture is detected, and outside of these bands, a prismatic texture. As a consequence, basic sliding is activated in the shear bands, which is confirmed by the distribution of Schmid factors. The influence of texture and orientation of shear bands on anisotropy of strength mechanical properties of alloy is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Statistical simulation of multiple Compton backscattering process

A number of laboratories are currently developing monochromatic sources of X-rays and gamma quanta based on the Compton backscattering (CBS) of laser photons by relativistic electrons. Modern technologies are capable of providing a concentration of electrons and photons in the interaction point such that each primary electron can emit several hard photons. In contrast to the well-known nonlinear CBS process, in which an initial electron “absorbs” a few laser photons and emits a single hard one, the above-mentioned process can be called a multiple CBS process and is characterized by a mean number of emitted photons. The present paper is devoted to simulating the parameters of a beam of back scattered quanta based on the Monte Carlo technique. It is shown that, even in the case of strong collimation of a resulting photon beam, the radiation monochromaticity may deteriorate because of the contribution coming from the multiple photon emission, which is something that must be considered while designing new CBS sources.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Backscattering of gyrotron radiation and short-wavelength turbulence during electron cyclotron resonance plasma heating in the L-2M stellarator

Backscattering of gyrotron radiation ({theta} = {pi}) by short-wavelength density fluctuations (k{sub Up-Tack} = 30 cm{sup -1}) in the plasma of the L-2M stellarator was studied under conditions of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma heating at the second harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency (75 GHz). The scattering of the O-wave emerging due to the splitting of the linearly polarized gyrotron radiation into the X- and O-waves was analyzed. The signal obtained after homodyne detection of scattered radiation is a result of interference of the reference signal, the quasi-steady component, and the fast oscillating component. The coefficients of reflection of the quasi-steady component, R{sub =}{sup 2}(Y), and fast oscillating component, R{sub {approx}}{sup 2}(Y), of scattered radiation are estimated. The growth of the R{sub {approx}}{sup 2}(Y) coefficient from 3.7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -4} to 5.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -4} with increasing ECR heating power from 190 to 430 kW is found to correlate with the decrease in the energy lifetime from 1.9 to 1.46 ms. The relative density of short-wavelength fluctuations is estimated to be Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket n{sub {approx}}{sup 2} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket / Left-Pointing-Angle-Bracket n{sub e}{sup 2} Right-Pointing-Angle-Bracket = 3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7}. It is shown that the frequencies of short-wavelength fluctuations are in the range 10-150 kHz. The recorded short-wavelength fluctuations can be interpreted as structural turbulence, the energy of which comprises {approx}10% of the total fluctuations energy. Simulations of transport processes show that neoclassical heat fluxes are much smaller than anomalous ones. It is suggested that short-wavelength turbulence plays a decisive role in the anomalous heat transport.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Recovery of the characteristics of plasma turbulence from the radial correlation backscattering diagnostics

Signals of the backscattering radial correlation Doppler diagnostics of plasma density fluctuations in the presence of the cutoff of the probing wave are analyzed theoretically with allowance for the curvature of magnetic surfaces. The scattering of the probing electromagnetic wave is considered in the linear (Born) approximation with respect to the amplitude of fluctuations. Using the Wentzel−Kramers−Brillouin approach, analytical expressions for the scattered signal and the correlation function of two scattered signals corresponding to oblique probing at different frequencies are derived. A criterion is obtained for the tilt angle of the antenna pattern at which the two-point turbulence correlation function can be measured directly. A method is proposed to recover the spectrum of plasma density fluctuations from the data on the radial wavenumbers even if this criterion is violated.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectrometry of the Rutherford backscattering of ions and the Raman scattering of light in GaS single crystals irradiated with 140-keV H{sub 2}{sup +} ions

The methods of the Raman scattering of light and Rutherford backscattering are used to study the degree of structural disorder in layered GaS crystals before and after irradiation with 140-keV H{sub 2}{sup +} ions. It is shown that the distribution of the crystal’s components over depth is homogeneous; for doses as high as 5 × 10{sup 15} cm{sup −2}, the stoichiometric composition of the compound’s components is retained. The experimental value of the critical dose for the beginning of amorphization amounts to about 5 × 10{sup 15} cm{sup −2} and is in accordance with the calculated value. The results obtained by the method of the Raman scattering of light confirm conservation of crystalline structure and the start of the amorphization process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Frequency Conversion of High-Power Gyrotron Radiation under Conditions of Raman Backscattering on an Auxiliary Electron Beam

The regime of Raman backscattering of a pumping wave that is cocurrent with an electron beam into the counterpropagating wave can be used for the radiation frequency conversion in high-power gyrotrons. The absolute instability developing in this system ensures generation of a scattered signal in the absence of external resonators, which allows the frequency of scattered radiation to be smoothly controlled within 20–40% by varying the electron energy in the case of high-power (megawatt) gyrotrons used as sources of pumping radiation.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Study of Multilayer Thin Film Structures by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry

We have evaluated possibilities of using the method of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) for depth profiling of multilayer thin-film structures containing nanodmensional layers of elements with close atomic masses. It is established that RBS measurements can ensure high precision determination of the composition of these multilayer structures, total film thickness, and thicknesses of separate layers. This ability can be used for the input quality control of multilayer structures used in micro- and nanotechnologies.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗