Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Observational Networks”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2023

Public Health Data Applications Using the CDC Tracking Network: Augmenting Environmental Hazard Information with Lower-latency NASA Data

Exposure to environmental hazards is an important determinant of health, and the frequency and severity of exposures is expected to be impacted by climate change. Through a partnership with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network is integrating timely observations and model data of priority environmental hazards into its publicly accessible Data Explorer (https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/DataExplorer/). Newly integrated datasets over the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) include: daily 5-day forecasts of air quality based on the Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF), daily historical (1980-present) concentrations of speciated PM2.5 based on the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily near real-time maps of flooding (MCDWD). Data integrated into the CDC Tracking Network are broadly intended to improve community health through action by informing both research and early warning activities, including (1) describing temporal and spatial trends in disease and potential environmental exposures, (2) identifying populations most affected, (3) generating hypotheses about associations between health and environmental exposures, and (4) developing, guiding, and assessing environmental public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing or eliminating health outcomes associated with environmental factors.

air quality↗
NASA NTRS2017

Fireballs in the Sky: An Augmented Reality Citizen Science Program

Fireballs in the Sky is an innovative Australian citizen science program that connects the public with the research of the Desert Fireball Network (DFN). This research aims to understand the early workings of the solar system, and Fireballs in the Sky invites people around the world to learn about this science, contributing fireball sightings via a user-friendly augmented reality mobile app. Tens of thousands of people have downloaded the app world-wide and participated in the science of meteoritics. The Fireballs in the Sky app allows users to get involved with the Desert Fireball Network research, supplementing DFN observations and providing enhanced coverage by reporting their own meteor sightings to DFN scientists. Fireballs in the Sky reports are used to track the trajectories of meteors - from their orbit in space to where they might have landed on Earth. Led by Phil Bland at Curtin University in Australia, the Desert Fireball Network (DFN) uses automated observatories across Australia to triangulate trajectories of meteorites entering the atmosphere, determine pre-entry orbits, and pinpoint their fall positions. Each observatory is an autonomous intelligent imaging system, taking 1000 by 36 megapixel all-sky images throughout the night, using neural network algorithms to recognize events. They are capable of operating for 12 months in a harsh environment, and store all imagery collected. We developed a completely automated software pipeline for data reduction, and built a supercomputer database for storage, allowing us to process our entire archive. The DFN currently stands at 50 stations distributed across the Australian continent, covering an area of 2.5 million square kilometers. Working with DFN's partners at NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, the team is expanding the network beyond Australia to locations around the world. Fireballs in the Sky allows a growing public base to learn about and participate in this exciting research.

Day, Brian↗
NASA NTRS2011

Future Opportunities and Challenges in Remote Sensing of Drought

The value of satellite remote sensing for drought monitoring was first realized more than two decades ago with the application of Normalized Difference Index (NDVI) data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for assessing the effect of drought on vegetation. Other indices such as the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) were also developed during this time period, and applied to AVHRR NDVI and brightness temperature data for routine global monitoring of drought conditions. These early efforts demonstrated the unique perspective that global imagers such as AVHRR could provide for operational drought monitoring through their near-daily, global observations of Earth's land surface. However, the advancement of satellite remote sensing of drought was limited by the relatively few spectral bands of operational global sensors such as AVHRR, along with a relatively short period of observational record. Remote sensing advancements are of paramount importance given the increasing demand for tools that can provide accurate, timely, and integrated information on drought conditions to facilitate proactive decision making (NIDIS, 2007). Satellite-based approaches are key to addressing significant gaps in the spatial and temporal coverage of current surface station instrument networks providing key moisture observations (e.g., rainfall, snow, soil moisture, ground water, and ET) over the United States and globally (NIDIS, 2007). Improved monitoring capabilities will be particularly important given increases in spatial extent, intensity, and duration of drought events observed in some regions of the world, as reported in the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (IPCC, 2007). The risk of drought is anticipated to further increase in some regions in response to climatic changes in the hydrologic cycle related to evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, and snow cover (Burke et al., 2006; IPCC, 2007; USGCRP, 2009). Numerous national, regional, and global efforts such as the Famine and Early Warning System (FEWS), National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), and Group on Earth Observations (GEO), as well as the establishment of regional drought centers (e.g., European Drought Observatory) and geospatial visualization and monitoring systems (e.g, NASA SERVIR) have been undertaken to improve drought monitoring and early warning systems throughout the world. The suite of innovative remote sensing tools that have recently emerged will be looked upon to fill important data and knowledge gaps (NIDIS, 2007; NRC, 2007) to address a wide range of drought-related issues including food security, water scarcity, and human health.

Wardlow, Brian D.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for Selective Oxidation of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid to Malonic Acid over Pd/C: Mechanistic and Kinetic Study

Malonic acid (MA) is a high-value dicarboxylic acid with strong industrial demand, yet its current production heavily relies on petrochemical feedstocks. Here, we report the first systematic study for the sustainable production of MA via oxidation of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) with a Pd/Carbon catalyst. The effects of oxidant type (O2 and H2O2), pH, and temperature on the reaction chemistry were comprehensively evaluated. Guided by experimental observation and DFT-calculated thermochemical energetics, reaction networks for 3-HP oxidation with both oxidants are proposed and validated through kinetic modeling. MA was identified as the primary oxidation product, while further oxidation yields acetic acid and oxalic acid. The kinetic model validated the network, displaying excellent agreement (R2 > 0.95). Kinetic observations also enabled a direct comparison between O2 and H2O2 and revealed their distinct behaviors. The model was further developed into a temperature-time map, providing insight into conditions that maximize MA production. Malonic acid selectivity of 56.9 % and yield of 50.5 % were achieved at 3 bar oxygen, equimolar NaOH:3-HP ratio, and 50 °C.

Bioproducts↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data and code from: Selective oxidation of 3-hydroxypropionic acid to malonic acid over Pd/C: Mechanistic and kinetic study

Malonic acid (MA) is a high-value dicarboxylic acid with strong industrial demand, yet its current production heavily relies on petrochemical feedstocks. Here, we report the first systematic study for the sustainable production of MA via oxidation of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) with a Pd/Carbon catalyst. The effects of oxidant type (O2 and H2O2), pH, and temperature on the reaction chemistry were comprehensively evaluated. Guided by experimental observation and DFT-calculated thermochemical energetics, reaction networks for 3-HP oxidation with both oxidants are proposed and validated through kinetic modeling. MA was identified as the primary oxidation product, while further oxidation yields acetic acid and oxalic acid. The kinetic model validated the network, displaying excellent agreement (R2 > 0.95). Kinetic observations also enabled a direct comparison between O2 and H2O2 and revealed their distinct behaviors. The model was further developed into a temperature-time map, providing insight into conditions that maximize MA production. Malonic acid selectivity of 56.9 % and yield of 50.5 % were achieved at 3 bar oxygen, equimolar NaOH:3-HP ratio, and 50 °C.

3-Hydroxypropionic Acid↗
NASA NTRS1982

Photochemical processes in the inner coma

Models for the inner-coma chemistry of comets are reviewed. The physics relevant to the coma's chemistry is summarized, and the interaction of solar radiation with the coma is described, along with photolytic and chemical processes. The formation and destruction of several observed species are traced through a chemical reaction network, and model results are compared with observations. The species considered include CN, C2, C3, NH2, CH, CO, CO(+), OH, H2O, HCO, C2H4, and C2H3. The models most consistent with observations are shown to indicate that only trace amounts (2% in all) of molecules bearing CN, C2, C3, and NH2 can be present in the nucleus of a comet.

Huebner, W. F.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Further Research on the Electrification of Pyrocumulus Clouds

Past research on pyrocumulus electrification has demonstrated that a variety of lightning types can occur, including cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes, sometimes of dominant positive polarity, as well as small intra‐cloud (IC) discharges in the upper levels of the pyro‐cloud. In Colorado during summer 2012, the first combined polarimetric radar, multi‐Doppler radar, and three‐dimensional lightning mapping array (LMA) observations of lightning‐producing pyrocumulus were obtained. These observations suggested that the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) was not sensitive enough to detect the small IC flashes that appear to be the dominant mode of lightning in these clouds. However, after an upgrade to the network in late 2012, the NLDN began detecting some of this pyrocumulus lightning. Multiple pyrocumulus clouds documented by the University of Wisconsin for various fires in 2013 and 2014 (including over the Rim, West Fork Complex, Yarnell Hill, Hardluck, and several other incidents) are examined and reported on here. This study exploits the increased‐sensitivity NLDN as well as the new nationwide U.S. network of polarimetric Next‐generation Radars (NEXRADs). These observations document the common occurrence of a polarimetric "dirty ice" signature ‐ modest reflectivities (20‐40+ dBZ), near‐zero differential reflectivity, and reduced correlation coefficient (less than 0.9) ‐ prior to the production of lightning. This signature is indicative of a mixture of ash and ice particles in the upper levels of the pyro‐cloud (less than ‐20 C), with the ice interpreted as being necessary for pyro‐cloud electrification. Pseudo‐Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) data will be produced from the 2012 LMA observations, and the ability of GLM to detect small pyrocumulus ICs will be assessed. The utility of lightning and polarimetric radar for documenting rapid wildfire growth, as well as for documenting pyrocumulus impacts on the composition of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS), will be discussed.

Lang, Timothy J.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Images of Bottomside Irregularities Observed at Topside Altitudes

We analyzed plasma and field measurements acquired by the Communication/ Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during an eight-hour period on 13-14 January 2010 when strong to moderate 250 MHz scintillation activity was observed at nearby Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) ground stations. C/NOFS consistently detected relatively small-scale density and electric field irregularities embedded within large-scale (approx 100 km) structures at topside altitudes. Significant spectral power measured at the Fresnel (approx 1 km) scale size suggests that C/NOFS was magnetically conjugate to bottomside irregularities similar to those directly responsible for the observed scintillations. Simultaneous ion drift and plasma density measurements indicate three distinct types of large-scale irregularities: (1) upward moving depletions, (2) downward moving depletions, and (3) upward moving density enhancements. The first type has the characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles; the second and third do not. The data suggest that both downward moving depletions and upward moving density enhancements and the embedded small-scale irregularities may be regarded as Alfvenic images of bottomside irregularities. This interpretation is consistent with predictions of previously reported theoretical modeling and with satellite observations of upward-directed Poynting flux in the low-latitude ionosphere.

satellite↗
NASA NTRS2013

Observations of Global and Regional Ionospheric Irregularities and Scintillation Using GNSS Tracking Networks

The rate of TEC index (ROTI) is a measurement that characterizes ionospheric irregularities. It can be obtained from standard GNSS dual-frequency phase data collected using a geodetic type of GNSS receiver. By processing GPS data from ground-based networks of International GNSS Service and Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS), ROTI maps have been produced to observe global and regional scintillation activities. A major mid-latitude scintillation event in the contiguous United States is reported here that was captured in ROTI maps produced using CORS GPS data collected during a space weather storm. The analyses conducted in this work and previously by another group indicate that ROTI is a good occurrence indicator of both amplitude and phase scintillations of GPS L-band signals, even though the magnitudes of ROTI, S4, and sigma(sub phi) can be different. For example, our analysis indicates that prominent ROTI and the L1 phase scintillation (sigma(sub phi)) are well correlated temporally in the polar region while L1 amplitude scintillation rarely occurs. The differences are partially attributed to physics processes in different latitude regions, such as high-speed plasma convection in the polar region that can suppress the amplitude scintillation. An analysis of the impact of ionospheric scintillation on precise positioning, which requires use of dual-frequency phase data, is also conducted. The results indicate that significant (more than an order of magnitude) positioning errors can occur under phase scintillation conditions.

ionospheric measurements↗
NASA NTRS1990

A Solar Constant Model for Sun-climate Studies: 1600-2000AD

Discussed here is the solar constant model published recently (Schatten, 1988), but with a modified phasing and amplitude. This model enables the known solar constant variations to be calculated from known active region and quiet region solar parameters. The features which can be modelled are sunspots and faculae, the only two features which mark the photospheric continuum with their unusual contrast behavior. They include both the active region features (sunspots and faculae) and the quiet region features (global faculae). Although the direct influences of sunspots upon the solar constant leads to short term decreases, an opposite, nearly in phase, 11 year variation in the solar constant is modelled, thereby agreeing with the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) and Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) secular trends observed. This opposite behavior results primarily from global faculae (polar, network, and active region). The main contributors to the global behavior are the network faculae. The model attributes the observed variations in the solar constant entirely to magnetic features in the solar atmosphere. The present model serves purely to model the secular (long term) trend in the solar constant. The model suggests a change of approx. 0.5 W/sq m for the differences between the late twentieth century solar constant and the 17th century solar constant. This supports Eddy's view that this difference could give rise to the glacial increase during the little ice age of the 17th century. Important for present day climate studies, is that it shows the recent peak activity (peaking in 1958) is associated with an atypically high value of the solar constant, with respect to the past few hundred years.

Schatten, Kenneth H.↗
NASA NTRS1997

A 70th Degree Lunar Gravity Model (GLGM-2) from Clementine and other tracking data

A spherical harmonic model of the lunar gravity field complete to degree and order 70 has been developed from S band Doppler tracking data from the Clementine mission, as well as historical tracking data from Lunar Orbiters 1-5 and the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites. The model combines 361,000 Doppler observations from Clementine with 347,000 historical observations. The historical data consist of mostly 60-s Doppler with a noise of 0.25 to several mm/s. The Clementine data consist of mostly 10-s Doppler data, with a data noise of 0.25 mm/s for the observations from the Deep Space Network, and 2.5 mm/s for the data from a naval tracking station at Pomonkey, Maryland. Observations provided Clementine, provide the strongest satellite constraint on the Moon's low-degree field. In contrast the historical data, collected by spacecraft that had lower periapsis altitudes, provide distributed regions of high-resolution coverage within +/- 29 deg of the nearside lunar equator. To obtain the solution for a high-degree field in the absence of a uniform distribution of observations, we applied an a priori power law constraint of the form 15 x 10(exp -5)/sq l which had the effect of limiting the gravitational power and noise at short wavelengths. Coefficients through degree and order 18 are not significantly affected by the constraint, and so the model permits geophysical analysis of effects of the major basins at degrees 10-12. The GLGM-2 model confirms major features of the lunar gravity field shown in previous gravitational field models but also reveals significantly more detail, particularly at intermediate wavelengths (10(exp 3) km). Free-air gravity anomaly maps derived from the new model show the nearside and farside highlands to be gravitationally smooth, reflecting a state of isostatic compensation. Mascon basins (including Imbrium, Serenitatis, Crisium, Smythii, and Humorum) are denoted by gravity highs first recognized from Lunar Orbiter tracking. All of the major mascons are bounded by annuli of negative anomalies representing significant subsurface mass deficiencies. Mare Orientale appears as a minor mascon surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped gravity low centered on the Inner and Outer Rook rings that is evidence of significant subsurface structural heterogeneity. Although direct tracking is not available over a significant part of the lunar farside, GLGM-2 resolves negative anomalies that correlate with many farside basins, including South Pole-Aitken, Hertzsprung, Korolev, Moscoviense, Tsiolkovsky, and Freundlich-Sharonov.

Lemonie, Frank G. R.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Cloud-Resolved Simulations of Lightning NOx in an Observed Hector Thunderstorm

Cloud chemistry simulations are being performed for a "Hector" storm observed on 16 November 2005 during the SCOUT-03lACTIVE campaigns based in Darwin, Australia. The primary objective of these simulations is to estimate the average production of NO per lightning flash during the storm. The 3-D WRF-AqChem model is being used for these calculations. This modeling package contains the WRF nonhydrostatic cloud-resolving model, online gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry, and a lightning algorithm (Barth et al., 2007). Early morning soundings of temperature, water vapor and winds are used to initialize the model. Surface heating of the Tiwi Islands is simulated in the model to induce convection. Observations from the Egrett, Falcon, Geophysica, and Dornier aircraft in air undisturbed by the storm are used to construct composite initial condition chemical profiles. Convective transport in the model is tested using tracer species such as CO and O3. Lightning flashes observed by the LINET network are input to the model and a lightning placement scheme is used to inject the resulting NO into the simulated cloud. Various scenarios of NO production per flash are used for cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes in a series of simulations for the storm. Resulting NO, mixing ratios from each simulation are compared with upper tropospheric anvil observations (from the Geophysica and Egrett aircraft) to determine the best fit with the mean NOx at anvil altitudes, the profile shape, and the frequency distribution of NOx values. We will compare the results for lightning NO production from this tropical thunderstorm with similar analyses conducted for several midlatitude and subtropical convective events.

Pickering, Kenneth↗
NASA NTRS2016

Direct Radiative Effects of Aerosols Over South Asia From Observations and Modeling

Quantitative assessment of the seasonal variations in the direct radiative effect (DRE) of composite aerosols as well as the constituent species over the Indian sub continent has been carried out using a synergy of observations from a dense network of ground based aerosol observatories and modeling based on chemical transport model simulations. Seasonal variation of aerosol constituents depict significant influence of anthropogenic aerosol sources in winter and the dominance of natural sources in spring, even though the aerosol optical depth doesn't change significantly between these two seasons. A significant increase in the surface cooling and atmospheric warming has been observed as season changes from winter DRE(sub SUR) = −28 +/- 12 W m(exp −2) and DRE(sub ATM) = +19.6 +/- 9 W m(exp −2) to spring DRE(sub SUR) = −33.7 +/- 12 W m(exp −2) and DRE(sub ATM) = +27 +/- 9 W m(exp−2). Interestingly, springtime aerosols are more absorptive in nature compared to winter and consequently the aerosol induced diabatic heating of the atmosphere goes as high as approximately 1 K day(exp -1) during spring, especially over eastern India. The atmospheric DRE due to dust aerosols (+14 +/- 7 W m(exp 2) during spring overwhelms that of black carbon DRE (+11.8 +/- 6 W m(exp -2) during winter. The DRE at the top of the atmosphere is mostly governed by the anthropogenic aerosols during all the seasons. The columnar aerosol loading, its anthropogenic fraction and radiative effects shows a steady increase with latitude across Indian mainland leading to a larger aerosol-induced atmospheric warming during spring than in winter.

dust aerosols↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reciprocity relations in a biologically inspired nanomagnonic system with dipolar coupling

In this study, magnetosome chains in magnetotactic bacteria present ideal nanomagnonic model systems for studying collective resonance modes of dipolar-coupled single domain particles in relation to their spatial arrangement. Using microresonator-based ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and micromagnetic modeling, we here provide insights into the complex magnonic activity within a single magnetosome chain. While the angular dependence of its FMR spectrum is dominated by twofold symmetry features due to the uniaxial anisotropy of linear chain segments, we also observed an unexpected behavior such as interrupted lines and flat bands due to the intricate geometrical details of this particular chain, such as a cross-like structural anomaly where a pair of particles is oriented perpendicular to the main axis of the chain and thus breaks the prevailing axial dipolar coupling symmetry. Such a cross junction formed by four particles exhibits interesting magnonic network properties. Notably, we observe reciprocity in the sense that the spectral response of one particle to an excitation of another one is identical to the response of the latter given an excitation of the former. Furthermore, we have identified that magnonic coupling between A and B can be facilitated via a dark state, as in magnonic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, and that this dark-state coupling can be made non-reciprocal between A and B by breaking the symmetry of the spatial arrangement of the four particles.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2016

Inverse Energy Dispersion of Energetic Ions Observed in the Magnetosheath

We present a case study of energetic ions observed by the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) on the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath just outside the subsolar magnetopause that occurred at 1000 UT on 8 December 2015. As the magnetopause receded inward, the EPD observed a burst of energetic (approximately 50-1000 keV) proton, helium, and oxygen ions that exhibited an inverse dispersion, with the lowest energy ions appearing first. The prolonged interval of fast antisunward flow observed in the magnetosheath and transient increases in the H components of global ground magnetograms demonstrate that the burst appeared at a time when the magnetosphere was rapidly compressed. We attribute the inverse energy dispersion to the leakage along reconnected magnetic field lines of betatron-accelerated energetic ions in the magnetosheath, and a burst of reconnection has an extent of about 1.5 R(sub E) using combined Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and EPD observations.

Lee, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Mesoscale history of a small patch of clear air turbulence.

Sequential analyses of data from a network of eight special rawinsonde stations 100 km apart demonstrate the important effects of mesoscale disturbances in a 2.5-hr episode of light-to-moderate clear air turbulence (CAT). The most significant feature was the development of two turbulent fields below and above a 2-km region of a wind minimum which passed over Wallops Island, Va., near 1530 GMT on Feb. 4, 1970. The small scale of these features precludes their detection in the standard 12-hr observation sequence. The rawinsonde network utilized, which incorporates fine-scale details in both space and time, is adequate to provide a very useful current CAT depiction and an excellent source for the preparation of a short-range forecast of CAT.

Boucher, R. J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Labile assembly of a tardigrade protein induces biostasis

Abstract Tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive desiccation by inducing biostasis. To survive drying tardigrades rely on intrinsically disordered CAHS proteins, which also function to prevent perturbations induced by drying in vitro and in heterologous systems. CAHS proteins have been shown to form gels both in vitro and in vivo, which has been speculated to be linked to their protective capacity. However, the sequence features and mechanisms underlying gel formation and the necessity of gelation for protection have not been demonstrated. Here we report a mechanism of fibrillization and gelation for CAHS D similar to that of intermediate filament assembly. We show that in vitro, gelation restricts molecular motion, immobilizing and protecting labile material from the harmful effects of drying. In vivo, we observe that CAHS D forms fibrillar networks during osmotic stress. Fibrillar networking of CAHS D improves survival of osmotically shocked cells. We observe two emergent properties associated with fibrillization; (i) prevention of cell volume change and (ii) reduction of metabolic activity during osmotic shock. We find that there is no significant correlation between maintenance of cell volume and survival, while there is a significant correlation between reduced metabolism and survival. Importantly, CAHS D's fibrillar network formation is reversible and metabolic rates return to control levels after CAHS fibers are resolved. This work provides insights into how tardigrades induce reversible biostasis through the self‐assembly of labile CAHS gels.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1999

The CEOS International Directory Network Progress and Plans: Spring, 1999

The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) serves as the software development hub for the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites' (CEOS) International Directory Network (IDN). The GCMD has upgraded the software for the IDN nodes as Version 7 of the GCMD: MD7-Oracle and MD7-Isite, as well as three other MD7 experimental interfaces. The contribution by DLR representatives (Germany) of the DLR Thesaurus will be demonstrated as an educational tool for use with MD7-Isite. The software will be installed at twelve nodes around the world: Brazil, Argentina, the Netherlands, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, and several sites in the United States. Representing NASA for the International Directory Network and the CEOS Data Access Subgroup, NASA's contribution to this international interoperability effort will be updated. Discussion will include interoperability with the CEOS Interoperability Protocol (CIP), features of the latest version of the software, including upgraded capabilities for distributed input by the IDN nodes, installation logistics, "mirroring', population objectives, and future plans.

Olsen, Lola M.↗