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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Theory Techniques for Precision Physics -- Snowmass 2021 TF06 Topical Group Report

The wealth of experimental data collected at laboratory experiments suggests that there is some scale separation between the Standard Model (SM) and phenomena beyond the SM (BSM). New phenomena can manifest itself as small corrections to SM predictions, or as signals in processes where the SM predictions vanish or are exceedingly small. This makes precise calculations of the SM expectations essential, in order to maximize the sensitivity of current and forthcoming experiments to BSM physics. Here, this topical group report highlights some past and forthcoming theory developments critical for maximizing the sensitivity of the experimental program to understanding Nature at the shortest distances.

Boughezal, Radja↗
DOE OSTI2025

Neutrino Theory in the Precision Era

This document summarises discussions on future directions in theoretical neutrino physics, which are the outcome of a neutrino theory workshop held at CERN in February 2025. The starting point is the realisation that neutrino physics offers unique opportunities to address some of the most fundamental questions in physics. This motivates a vigorous experimental programme which the theory community fully supports. \textbf{A strong effort in theoretical neutrino physics is paramount to optimally take advantage of upcoming neutrino experiments and to explore the synergies with other areas of particle, astroparticle, and nuclear physics, as well as cosmology.} Progress on the theory side has the potential to significantly boost the physics reach of experiments, as well as go well beyond their original scope. Strong collaboration between theory and experiment is essential in the precision era. To foster such collaboration, \textbf{we propose to establish a CERN Neutrino Physics Centre.} Taking inspiration from the highly successful LHC Physics Center at Fermilab, the CERN Neutrino Physics Centre would be the European hub of the neutrino community, covering experimental and theoretical activities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Idealized simulation study of the relationship of disdrometer sampling statistics with the precision of precipitation rate measurement

Due to the discretized nature of rain, the measurement of a continuous precipitation rate by disdrometers is subject to statistical sampling errors. Here, Monte Carlo simulations are employed to obtain the precision of rain detection and rate as a function of disdrometer collection area and compared with World Meteorological Organization guidelines for a 1 min sample interval and 95 % probability. To meet these requirements, simulations suggest that measurements of light rain with rain rates R ≤ 0.50 mm h-1 require a collection area of at least 6 cm × 6 cm, and for R = 1 mm h -1 , the minimum collection area is 13 cm × 13 cm. For R = 0.01 mm h -1 , a collection area of 2 cm × 2 cm is sufficient to detect a single drop. Simulations are compared with field measurements using a new hotplate device, the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer. The field results suggest an even larger plate may be required to meet the stated accuracy, likely in part due to non-Poissonian hydrometeor clustering.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Characterization of a modified printed optical particle spectrometer for high-frequency and high-precision laboratory and field measurements

Abstract. The printed optical particle spectrometer (POPS) is a lightweight, low-cost instrument for measurements of aerosol number concentrations and size distributions. This work reports on modifications of the Handix Scientific commercial version of the POPS to facilitate its use in multi-instrument aerosol sampling systems. The flow system is modified by replacing the internal pump with a needle valve and a vacuum pump. The instrument is integrated into closed-flow systems by routing the sheath flow from filtered inlet air. A high-precision multichannel analyzer (MCA) card is added to sample the analog pulse signal. The MCA card is polled at 10 Hz frequency using an external data acquisition system and improves upon the count-rate limitation associated with the POPS internal data acquisition system. The times required to change the concentration between 90 % and 10 % and vice versa for a step change in concentration were measured to be 0.17 and 0.41 s at a flow rate of 5 cm3 s−1. This yields a sampling frequency of ∼ 1–2 Hz, below which the amplitude of measured fluctuations is captured with > 70 % efficiency. The modified POPS was integrated into the dual tandem differential mobility analyzer system to explore the coalescence of dimer particles. Results show that the pulse-height response increases upon dimer coalescence. The magnitude of the increase is broadly consistent with the change in light-scattering amplitude predicted by the T-matrix method. It is anticipated that this modified version of the POPS will extend the utilization of the technique for a range of field and laboratory applications.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Precision Small Scattering Angle Measurements of Proton–Proton and Proton–Nucleus Analyzing Powers at the RHIC Hydrogen Jet Polarimeter

At RHIC, the hydrogen jet target polarimeter (HJET) is used to measure proton beam polarization with accuracy $σ^{syst}_{P}$ / $P$ ≲ 0.5% by counting low energy (1–10 MeV) recoil protons in left-right symmetric detectors. The HJET performance also allowed us to precisely measure $pp$ and $pA$ (where $A$ is any ion stored at RHIC) analyzing powers in the CNI region. The results of the measurements are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Spin Transparency Method for High Precision Experiments with Polarized Beams

The spin transparency method is a technique for efficient and flexible control of the beam polarizationin a synchrotron. It can be implemented in a figure-8 collider, a racetrack with two identical Siberiansnakes, as well as in a conventional ring at an energy corresponding to an integer spin resonance.Weak-field magnetic insertions called Spin Navigators provide polarization stabilization and manip-ulation including spin flipping. By compensating the spin effects of imperfections, a real synchrotroncan be turned into an effectively ideal ring from the spin dynamics point of view thus enabling funda-mental ultra-high precision experiments such as search for Electric Dipole Moment and Dark Matter.We discuss the possibility of applying the spin transparency mode at ultra-high energies

Filatov, Yury N.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Using millimeter-sized carbon-deuterium foils for high-precision deuterium-tritium neutron spectrum measurements in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion at the OMEGA laser facility

Millimeter-sized CD foils fielded close (order mm) to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions have been proposed as a game-changer for improving energy resolution and allowing time-resolution in neutron spectrum measurements using the magnetic recoil technique. This paper presents results from initial experiments testing this concept for direct drive ICF at the OMEGA laser facility. While the foils are shown to produce reasonable signals, inferred spectral broadening is seen to be high (~5 keV) and signal levels low (by ~20%) compared to expectation. Before this type of foil is used for precision experiments, the foil mount must be improved, oxygen uptake in the foils better characterized, and impact of uncontrolled foil motion prior to detection investigated.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dynamic variable precision computation

A conversion unit converts operands from a conventional number system that represents each binary number in the operands as one bit to redundant number system (RNS) operands that represent each binary number as a plurality of bits. An arithmetic logic unit performs an arithmetic operation on the RNS operands in a direction from a most significant bit (MSB) to a least significant bit (LSB). The arithmetic logic unit stops performing the arithmetic operation prior to performing the arithmetic operation on a target binary number indicated by a dynamic precision associated with the RNS operands. In some cases, a power supply provides power to bit slices in the arithmetic logic unit and a clock signal generator provides clock signals to the bit slices. Gate logic is configured to gate the power or the clock signals provided to a subset of the bit slices.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Precision snow removal analysis

A method for precision snow removal analysis provides a melt rate in inches per day for roadways in a geometric region is provided. Elevation data is used to calculate upward looking hemispherical viewsheds at each roadway coordinate to determine the total solar radiation. The snowmelt capacity and slope are determined at each coordinate and the data is displayed on a geographical map of the roadway. The processing speed of the computer is improved since the snowmelt capacity is only determined for a roadway subset of the region coordinates.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Production of National Nuclear Material Archive Subsamples for High Precision Chemical Analysis

With its historical mission as the focal point for production of uranium components for the NNSA nuclear weapons program, the National Nuclear Materials Archive (NNMA) makes use of Y-12's wide range of uranium materials processing knowledge and onsite materials to identify, collect, and preserve sample materials for nuclear forensics purposes. In 2019, Y-12 took on the responsibility for identifying, subsampling, and shipping a total of 24 NNMA samples to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for further forensics analysis. These were highly enriched uranium metal pieces representative of different weapon systems components produced by Y-12 from approximately 1963 to 1993. The purpose was to provide the NNMA program with higher precision analyses of these materials than what is currently available from historical Y-12 production stream data.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2021

Beacon-based precision navigation and timing (PNT) system

Beacon-based Precision Navigation and Timing (PNT) may use a constellation of space vehicles (e.g., small, low cost satellites) coupled to a network of ground stations and a network of beacons. Such a system be provided at a cost that is approximately 100 times lower than GPS both to build and to operate. The resulting system may also provide fast acquisition, improved SNR, improved anti-jam and anti-spoofing capabilities, and six-inch scale location determination, making it applicable to both existing PNT applications and enabling new applications.

Judd, Stephen↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Analog Front-end for the LGAD Based Precision Timing Application in CMS ETL

The analog front-end for the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) based precision timing application in the CMS Endcap Timing Layer (ETL) has been prototyped in a 65 nm CMOS mini-ASIC named ETROC0. Serving as the very first prototype of ETL readout chip (ETROC), ETROC0 aims to study and demonstrate the performance of the analog frontend, with the goal to achieve 40 to 50 ps time resolution per hit with LGAD (therefore reach about 30ps per track with two detector-layer hits per track). ETROC0 consists of preamplifier and discriminator stages, which amplifies the LGAD signal and generates digital pulses containing time of arrival and time over threshold information. This paper will focus on the design considerations that lead to the ETROC front-end architecture choice, the key design features of the building blocks, the methodology of using the LGAD simulation data to evaluate and optimize the front-end design. The ETROC0 prototype chips have been extensively tested using charge injection and the measured performance agrees well with simulation. The initial beam test results are also presented, with time resolution of around 33 ps observed from the preamplifier waveform analysis and around 41 ps from the discriminator pulses analysis. A subset of ETROC0 chips have also been tested to a total ionizing dose of 100 MRad with X-ray and no performance degradation been observed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics -- a collection of perspectives

This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute of Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adaptable precision triggering mechanism

A precision triggering mechanism for engaging a portion of a device and a method of using the same are provided. The mechanism comprises an electric linear motor, a force limiter, a force sensor, an engagement slide, and a controller. The electric linear motor includes a drive rod, a driver that applies a force to the drive rod to move the drive rod linearly, and a sensor for detecting a linear position of the drive rod. The force limiter is connected to the drive rod and is configured to absorb an amount of axial force asserted by the drive rod above a maximum amount. The force sensor is connected to the force limiter and is configured to detect an amount of force applied by the force limiter on the force sensor. The engagement slide includes an end extending from the force sensor for engaging the portion of the device. The controller is configured to receive a signal representative of the linear position of the drive rod from the sensor of the electric linear motor; receive from the force sensor a signal representative of the amount of force applied by the force limiter; and direct the driver of the electric linear motor to apply a force to the drive rod based on at least one of the linear position of the drive rod or the amount of force applied by the force limiter.

Freiberger, Peter D.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Precision measurement of Compton scattering in silicon with a skipper CCD for dark matter detection

Experiments aiming to directly detect dark matter through particle recoils can achieve energy thresholds of $\mathcal{O}(1\,\mathrm{eV})$. In this regime, ionization signals from small-angle Compton scatters of environmental $\gamma$-rays constitute a significant background. Monte Carlo simulations used to build background models have not been experimentally validated at these low energies. We report a precision measurement of Compton scattering on silicon atomic shell electrons down to 23$\,$eV. A skipper charge-coupled device (CCD) with single-electron resolution, developed for the DAMIC-M experiment, was exposed to a $^{241}$Am $\gamma$-ray source over several months. Features associated with the silicon K, L$_{1}$, and L$_{2,3}$-shells are clearly identified, and scattering on valence electrons is detected for the first time below 100$\,$eV. We find that the relativistic impulse approximation for Compton scattering, which is implemented in Monte Carlo simulations commonly used by direct detection experiments, does not reproduce the measured spectrum below 0.5$\,$keV. The data are in better agreement with $ab$$initio$ calculations originally developed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Update on the High Precision Titration Method for Uranium Assay Supported by NBL Program Office

The NBL Program Office (NBL PO) has coordinated with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to implement the High Precision Titration (HPT) method for uranium assay measurements. The measurement method has been successfully developed and qualified, therefore ORNL has progressed to performing analyzes critical to the mission of the NBL PO. The HPT method is vital to producing the next generation of certified reference materials for uranium assay and isotopic abundance. The work described here focused on establishing traceability of the method to the NIST SRM 136 potassium dichromate series, and focused on investigating small differences between SRM 136e and 136f. The NBL PO evaluated the history of all of its primary uranium reference materials, including CRM 112A natural uranium metal, and worked with NIST in investigating the small differences in the dichromate SRM’s. ORNL performed comparative experiments on SRM 136e and 136f using CRM 112A. The results of the experiment will be presented here, along with NBL PO’s plans to re-evaluate the CRM 112A certified uncertainty to comply with JCGM 100, “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.”

Rogers, Kayron↗
DOE OSTI2022

Precision QCD, Hadronic Structure & Forward QCD, Heavy Ions: Report of Energy Frontier Topical Groups 5, 6, 7 submitted to Snowmass 2021

This report was prepared on behalf of three Energy Frontier Topical Groups of the Snowmass 2021 Community Planning Exercise. It summarizes the status and implications of studies of strong interactions in high-energy experiments and QCD theory. We emphasize the rich landscape and broad impact of these studies in the decade ahead. Hadronic interactions play a central role in the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) physics program, and strong synergies exist between the (HL-)LHC and planned or proposed experiments at the U.S. Electron-Ion Collider, CERN forward physics experiments, high-intensity facilities, and future TeV-range lepton and hadron colliders. Prospects for precision determinations of the strong coupling and a variety of nonperturbative distribution and fragmentation functions are examined. We also review the potential of envisioned tests of new dynamical regimes of QCD in high-energy and high-density scattering processes with nucleon, ion, and photon initial states. The important role of the high-energy heavy-ion program in studies of nuclear structure and the nuclear medium, and its connections with QCD involving nucleons are summarized. We address ongoing and future theoretical advancements in multi-loop QCD computations, lattice QCD, jet substructure, and event generators. Cross-cutting connections between experimental measurements, theoretical predictions, large-scale data analysis, and high-performance computing are emphasized.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗