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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Nanocrystalline strain glass TiNiPt and its superelastic behavior

TiNi-based shape-memory alloys are known to exhibit a strain glass state under certain conditions, generally in the presence of high-density defects such as excess solute atoms or alloying elements, dislocations, and nanoprecipitates. In this paper, we report a strain glass transition in a nanocrystalline Ti 50 Ni 35 Pt 15 alloy. The nanocrystalline strain glass state is achieved by a combined effect of high-density grain boundaries and high concentration doping of Pt atoms in the B2 matrix. The nanocrystalline Ti 50 Ni 35 Pt 15 strain glass alloy showed a large near-complete progressive superelasticity with a recovery strain of about 6% and a low apparent Young's modulus of about 30 GPa in a wide temperature range of over 200 °C. In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurement showed that the strain glass B2 [B2(SG)] phase experienced B2(SG)→R→B19 transformation upon loading and B19→B2(SG) upon unloading. The findings of this study provide insight for the development of nanocrystalline strain glass shape-memory alloys.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Smart material based multilayered microbeam structures for spatial self-deployment and reconfiguration: A residual stress approach

Alleviation of the potentially damaging effects induced by residual stresses was comprehensively investigated in previous research. Here, this paper, however, presents a spatially self-deployable and reconfigurable multilayered microbeam which takes advantage of residual stresses and shape memory effects. Reconfigurable mechanism of a typical four-layered microbeam composed of Pt\Ni 50 Ti 50 \Ni 50 Ti 50 \Pt is introduced, followed by analytical modeling of the maximum distance of the self-deployed gap as functions of variable structural and material parameters, including compressive residual stress in Pt layers and tensile residual stress in Ni 50 Ti 50 layers. Analytical solutions given by the static model agree well with the results obtained via finite element models (FEMs). Fabrication, characterization, and in-situ experiments were carried out to validate the feasibility of deployment of the as-released four-layered microbeam. The maximum distance of the gap was measured to be 41.39 μm at 20 °C, which could be increased to 51.73 μm thanks to controllable reconfiguration driven by shape memory effects. Theoretical analysis of such self-deployment and reconfiguration suggested a tensile residual stress increase by 52 MPa in Ni 50 Ti 50 layers. The multilayered microbeam structure with capabilities of self-deployment and reconfiguration offers great potential for various emerging applications, such as micro robotics, medical drug delivery devices, and intelligent chip scale spacecraft.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Microstructure, Phase Transformation, Mechanical Behavior, Bio-corrosion and Antibacterial Properties of Ti-Nb-xSn (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.5) SMAs

Porous Ti-Nb-xSn shape memory alloys (SMAs) are fabricated by microwave sintering technology. The microstructures exhibit needle-like morphologies, β{sub (N)} (normal straight and crossed needles along with needle-like morphology that resembles spaghetti or irregular lines with α-phases in between) as well as plate-like morphologies [normal straight plate-like morphology, α′′ and dendritic plate-like morphology, β{sub (D)}]. Increases in Sn addition significantly induce an increase in the density of the α-phase. XRD patterns exhibited three phases, namely the β-main phase with smaller intensities of α′′ and α. Further, the addition of 0.25% Sn led to more effective improvement in the intensity of the α′′-phase compared with 0.5% and 1.5% Sn addition. Additions of Sn also enhanced the fracture strength and its corresponding strain along with the shape memory effect (SME), where the best enhancement was achieved at 0.25% Sn. The corrosion rate (Ri) was reduced by rising Sn content, while both corrosion resistance and antibacterial zones were increased. The lower elastic modulus, as well as the robust mechanical properties and bioactivity, made these SMAs rather suitable for biomedical application purposes, where the low elastic modulus had value in terms of avoiding the problem of “stress shielding.”.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of wheel speed and annealing temperature on microstructure and texture evolution of Ni{sub 45}Mn{sub 36.6}In{sub 13.4}Co{sub 5} ribbon

Ni{sub 45}Mn{sub 36.6}In{sub 13.4}Co{sub 5} magnetic shape memory alloy was successfully produced as preferentially textured ribbon by melting spinning with different wheel speed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to study structure and texture evolution of these melt-spun ribbons. The thickness of melt-spun ribbon is 42 μm, 65 μm and 30 μm depending on wheel speed of 1 0 m/s, 15 m/s and 20 m/s, respectively. Density of α fiber texture (〈100〉//ND) vary with wheel speed changes, and is most intensive in the ribbon with wheel speed of 15 m/s. Grains of the ribbons grow after being annealed at 873 K, 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K, recrystallization was not observed in ribbons after being annealed at 873 K but occurred in ribbons after being annealed at higher temperatures. The α fiber texture becomes weaker to some extent after annealing at different temperatures, due to new recrystallization texture formed at the process of annealing. - Highlights: •Sectional part of shape memory ribbon is firstly investigated by EBSD method. •Thickness and texture of ribbons vary with wheel speed. •Annealing temperature affect texture and microstructure evolution greatly. •Recrystallization textures were observed in ribbons after being annealed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Manipulation of magnetostructural transition and realization of prominent multifunctional magnetoresponsive properties in NiCoMnIn alloys

Promising multifunctional magnetoresponsive effects such as magnetoresistance, magnetostrain, and the magnetocaloric effect have recently been extensively studied in Ni-Mn-based metamagnetic shape memory alloys, but large reversible magnetoresponsive effects are usually obtained under high magnetic fields, which is an obstacle for practical applications. In this work, through manipulating magnetostructural transition, we achieved large reversible magnetoresponsive effects under a relatively low magnetic field of 3 T in a Ni-Co-Mn-In alloy. By systematically tuning the Mn/In ratio and Co substitution, an optimum composition Ni 49 Co 3 Mn 34 In 14 with a low thermal hysteresis (8 K), a narrow transformation interval (7 K) and a high sensitivity of transformation temperature to field change (6KT -1 ), was obtained. Good geometric compatibility between austenite and martensite was revealed by in situ synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction experiment, which accounts for the low hysteresis and narrow transformation interval. A reversible transformation between pure austenite and pure martensite is induced by a relatively low field of 3 T, which was directly evidenced by in situ neutron diffraction experiments. As a result, a large reversible magnetocaloric effect with entropy change of 16.5Jkg -1 K -1 , a large reversible magnetostrain of 0.26%, and a large reversible magnetoresistance of 60%, under a relatively low field of 3 T, were simultaneously achieved. These reversible magnetoresponsive effects are comparable to the maximum reversible values obtained under high fields in other Ni-Mn-based alloys, but the magnetic field we applied is much lower. This research may guide the design of metamagnetic shape memory alloys with low-field-induced magnetoresponsive properties for magnetic refrigeration, magnetic sensing, and magnetic recording applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Strain-induced dimensionality crossover of precursor modulations in Ni 2 MnGa

Precursor modulations often occur in functional materials like magnetic shape memory alloys, ferroelectrics, and superconductors. In this letter, we have revealed the underlying mechanism of the precursor modulations in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Ni 2 MnGa by combining synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction experiments and first-principles phonon calculations. We discovered the precursor modulations along [011] direction can be eliminated with [001] uniaxial loading, while the precursor modulations or premartensite can be totally suppressed by hydrostatic pressure condition. The TA 2 phonon anomaly is sensitive to stress induced lattice strain, and the entire TA 2 branch is stabilized along the directions where precursor modulations are eliminated by external stress. Furthermore, our discovery bridges precursor modulations and phonon anomalies, and sheds light on the microscopic mechanism of the two-step superelasticity in precursor martensite.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2003

Fabricating Composite-Material Structures Containing SMA Ribbons

An improved method of designing and fabricating laminated composite-material (matrix/fiber) structures containing embedded shape-memory-alloy (SMA) actuators has been devised. Structures made by this method have repeatable, predictable properties, and fabrication processes can readily be automated. Such structures, denoted as shape-memory-alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures, have been investigated for their potential to satisfy requirements to control the shapes or thermoelastic responses of themselves or of other structures into which they might be incorporated, or to control noise and vibrations. Much of the prior work on SMAHC structures has involved the use SMA wires embedded within matrices or within sleeves through parent structures. The disadvantages of using SMA wires as the embedded actuators include (1) complexity of fabrication procedures because of the relatively large numbers of actuators usually needed; (2) sensitivity to actuator/ matrix interface flaws because voids can be of significant size, relative to wires; (3) relatively high rates of breakage of actuators during curing of matrix materials because of sensitivity to stress concentrations at mechanical restraints; and (4) difficulty of achieving desirable overall volume fractions of SMA wires when trying to optimize the integration of the wires by placing them in selected layers only.

Turner, Travis L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

A helical actuator driven by biased SMA: design, model, and experiment

A helical actuator driven by biased shape memory alloy (SMA) patterns embedded into a soft composite ribbon base is presented in this work. Instead of common U-shape SMA wires, a single SMA wire is woven into planar patterns, which enable helical deformation of the composite ribbon from an initially flat geometry. An analytical static model is established for accurate and rapid prediction of the helical reconfiguration arising from the shape memory effect of woven SMA patterns, followed by validation of the static model using the finite element method (FEM). The finite element results are compared with the analytical solutions given by this static model, which show a high agreement. Parametric study of the influences of eight independent design variables on the dependent helical parameters, such as combined curvatures, pitches, and helical angles, is completed. It is found that the helically deformed geometry is mainly dominated by diameters, biased positions, inclined angles, and numbers of skewed segments of the SMA wire. Fabrication and in-situ experimental test of a prototype of such helical actuators qualitatively demonstrate its dramatic three-dimensional (3D) spiral reconfiguration from a two-dimensional (2D) flat ribbon. In conclusion, such SMA patterns will allow more diverse designs of soft actuators for a wider range of robotic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2005

Finite Element Analysis of Adaptive-Stiffening and Shape-Control SMA Hybrid Composites

The usage of shape memory materials has extended rapidly to many fields, including medical devices, actuators, composites, structures and MEMS devices. For these various applications, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are available in various forms: bulk, wire, ribbon, thin film, and porous. In this work, the focus is on SMA hybrid composites with adaptive-stiffening or morphing functions. These composites are created by using SMA ribbons or wires embedded in a polymeric based composite panel/beam. Adaptive stiffening or morphing is activated via selective resistance heating or uniform thermal loads. To simulate the thermomechanical behavior of these composites, a SMA model was implemented using ABAQUS user element interface and finite element simulations of the systems were studied. Several examples are presented which show that the implemented model can be a very useful design and simulation tool for SMA hybrid composites.

Gao, Xiu-Jie↗
NASA NTRS2014

Modeling Materials: Design for Planetary Entry, Electric Aircraft, and Beyond

NASA missions push the limits of what is possible. The development of high-performance materials must keep pace with the agency's demanding, cutting-edge applications. Researchers at NASA's Ames Research Center are performing multiscale computational modeling to accelerate development times and further the design of next-generation aerospace materials. Multiscale modeling combines several computationally intensive techniques ranging from the atomic level to the macroscale, passing output from one level as input to the next level. These methods are applicable to a wide variety of materials systems. For example: (a) Ultra-high-temperature ceramics for hypersonic aircraft-we utilized the full range of multiscale modeling to characterize thermal protection materials for faster, safer air- and spacecraft, (b) Planetary entry heat shields for space vehicles-we computed thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites by combining several methods, from atomistic simulations to macroscale computations, (c) Advanced batteries for electric aircraft-we performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of advanced electrolytes for ultra-high-energy capacity batteries to enable long-distance electric aircraft service; and (d) Shape-memory alloys for high-efficiency aircraft-we used high-fidelity electronic structure calculations to determine phase diagrams in shape-memory transformations. Advances in high-performance computing have been critical to the development of multiscale materials modeling. We used nearly one million processor hours on NASA's Pleiades supercomputer to characterize electrolytes with a fidelity that would be otherwise impossible. For this and other projects, Pleiades enables us to push the physics and accuracy of our calculations to new levels.

Supercomputing↗
DOE OSTI2025

CRADA 2022-03 Final Report: Advanced Bearing Materials for Harsh Service Conditions

Develop advanced bearing materials for hydrogen gas turbines and wind turbines. Two candidate materials have been selected based on Ames lab’s recent work on high entropy alloys and shape memory alloys. These materials are designed to exhibit a balance of hardness, strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the NiTi based shape memory alloy is two order of magnitude lower than that of the conventional case hardened bearing steel. We plan to atomize these materials into powders, additive manufacture cylindrical bearings, then test these bearing for rolling-contact fatigue, corrosion properties, and hydrogen embrittlement. We are a vertically integrated team comprises of national labs, bearing manufacturers, raw material powders makers, and aircraft gas turbine manufacturer.

Argibay, Nicolas [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA↗
NASA NTRS1979

The design and testing of a memory metal actuated boom release mechanism

A boom latch and release mechanism was designed, manufactured and tested, based on a specification for the ISEE-B satellite mechanism. From experimental results obtained, it is possible to calculate the energy available and the operating torques which can be achieved from a torsional shape memory element in terms of the reversible strain induced by prior working. Some guidelines to be followed when designing mechanisms actuated by shape memory elements are included.

Powley, D. G.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Device and method for treatment of openings in vascular and septal walls

A device, system and method for treatment of an opening in vascular and/or septal walls including patent foramen ovale. The device has wings/stops on either end, an axis core covered in a shape memory foam and is deliverable via a catheter to the affected opening, finally expanding into a vascular or septal opening where it is held in place by the expandable shape memory stops or wings.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS2005

Finite Element Analysis of Adaptive-Stiffening and Shape-Control SMA Hybrid Composites

Shape memory alloy hybrid composites with adaptive-stiffening or morphing functions are simulated using finite element analysis. The composite structure is a laminated fiber-polymer composite beam with embedded SMA ribbons at various positions with respect to the neutral axis of the beam. Adaptive stiffening or morphing is activated via selective resistance heating of the SMA ribbons or uniform thermal loads on the beam. The thermomechanical behavior of these composites was simulated in ABAQUS using user-defined SMA elements. The examples demonstrate the usefulness of the methods for the design and simulation of SMA hybrid composites. Keywords: shape memory alloys, Nitinol, ABAQUS, finite element analysis, post-buckling control, shape control, deflection control, adaptive stiffening, morphing, constitutive modeling, user element

Gao, Xiujie↗
NASA NTRS2016

NiTi Alloys for Tribological Applications: The Role of In-Situ Nanotechnology

Beginning in 2004, NASA initiated the investigation and development of, Nitinol 60, a nickel-rich and dimensionally stable version of shape memory alloy Nitinol 55, as an alternative to bearing steel. Early investigations showed it to be hard and impervious to aqueous corrosion but the fundamental reasons for these properties were unknown. Shape memory alloys made from equiatomic Ni-Ti are widely known for their unique dimensional instability behavior that can be triggered by thermal and mechanical stress. The nickel-rich alloys exhibit no such dimension change property and have high hardness but have largely been overlooked by industry and the engineering community. Though steel is the dominant material of choice for mechanical components (bearings and gears) it has intrinsic limitations related to corrosion and plastic deformation. In contrast, Ni-Ti alloys are intrinsically rustproof and can withstand high contact loads without damage (denting). Over the last decade, focused RD to exploit these alloys for new applications has revealed that in-situ nano-scale phases that form during processing are largely responsible for NiTis remarkable properties. In this presentation, the state-of-art of nickel-rich NiTi alloys will be introduced and the nanotechnology behind their intriguing behavior will be addressed. The presentation will include discussion of how NASA is adopting this new technology inside the space station water recycling system as a pathfinder for more down-to-earth tribological challenges.

metals↗
NASA NTRS2004

Lightweight, Self-Deploying Foam Antenna Structures

Lightweight, deployable antennas for a variety of outer-space and terrestrial applications would be designed and fabricated according to the concept of cold hibernated elastic memory (CHEM) structures, according to a proposal. Mechanically deployable antennas now in use are heavy, complex, and unreliable, and they utilize packaging volume inefficiently. The proposed CHEM antenna structures would be simple and would deploy themselves without need for any mechanisms and, therefore, would be more reliable. The proposed CHEM antenna structures would also weigh less, could be packaged in smaller volumes, and would cost less, relative to mechanically deployable antennas. The CHEM concept was described in two prior NASA Tech Briefs articles: "Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory (CHEM) Expandable Structures" (NPO-20394), Vol. 23, No. 2 (February 1999), page 56; and "Solar Heating for Deployment of Foam Structures" (NPO-20961), Vol. 25, No. 10 (October 2001), page 36. To recapitulate from the cited prior articles: The CHEM concept is one of utilizing opencell foams of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) to make lightweight, reliable, simple, and inexpensive structures that can be alternately (1) compressed and stowed compactly or (2) expanded, then rigidified for use. A CHEM structure is fabricated at full size from a block of SMP foam in its glassy state [at a temperature below the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the SMP]. The structure is heated to the rubbery state of the SMP (that is, to a temperature above Tg) and compacted to a small volume. After compaction, the structure is cooled to the glassy state of the SMP. The compacting force can then be released and the structure remains compact as long as the temperature is kept below Tg. Upon subsequent heating of the structure above Tg, the simultaneous elastic recovery of the foam and its shape-memory effect cause the structure to expand to its original size and shape. Once thus deployed, the structure can be rigidified by cooling below Tg. Once deployed and rigidified, the structure could be heated and recompacted. In principle, there should be no limit on the achievable number of compaction/deployment/ rigidification cycles. Thus far, several different designs of a 3.5-m-long CHEM conical corrugated horn antenna have been analyzed (see figure). A small CHEM structural antenna model was fabricated and a thin, electrically conductive layer of aluminum was deposited on the inner surface of the model. This structural model was then subjected to the compaction and deployment treatments described above to demonstrate the feasibility of a CHEM corrugated horn antenna.

Sokolowski, Witold↗
DOE OSTI2015

In Situ TEM Nanoindentation Studies on Stress-Induced Phase Transformations in Metallic Materials

Though abundant phase transformations are in general thermally driven processes, there are many examples wherein stresses can induce phase transformations. We applied numerous in situ techniques, such as in situ x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction in order to reveal phase transformations. Recently, an in situ nanoindentation technique coupled with transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the capability to directly correlating stresses with phase transformations and microstructural evolutions at a submicron length scale. We briefly review in situ studies on stress-induced diffusional and diffusionless phase transformations in amorphous CuZrAl alloy and NiFeGa shape memory alloy. Moreover, in the amorphous CuZrAl, in situ nanoindentation studies show that the nucleation of nanocrystals (a diffusional process) occurs at ultra-low stresses manifested by a prominent stress drop. In the NiFeGa shape memory alloy, two distinctive types of martensitic (diffusionless) phase transformations accompanied by stress plateaus are observed, including a reversible gradual phase transformation at low stress levels, and an irreversible abrupt phase transition at higher stress levels.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2012

Shape memory-based actuators and release mechanisms therefrom

SM-based actuators (110) and release mechanisms (100) therefrom and systems (500) including one or more release mechanisms (100). The actuators (110) comprise a SM member (118) and a deformable member (140) mechanically coupled to the SM member (118) which deforms upon a shape change of the SM member triggered by a phase transition of the SM member. A retaining element (160) is mechanically coupled to the deformable member (140), wherein the retaining element (160) moves upon the shape change. Release mechanism (100) include an actuator, a rotatable mechanism (120) including at least one restraining feature (178) for restraining rotational movement of the retaining element (160) before the shape change, and at least one spring (315) that provides at least one locked spring-loaded position when the retaining element is in the restraining feature and at least one released position that is reached when the retaining element is in a position beyond the restraining feature (178). The rotatable mechanism (120) includes at least one load-bearing protrusion (310). A hitch (400) is for mechanically coupling to the load, wherein the hitch is supported on the load bearing protrusion (310) when the rotatable mechanism is in the locked spring-loaded position.

Vaidyanathan, Rajan↗