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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Electric double layer for a size-asymmetric electrolyte around a spherical colloid

We have studied the structure of a size-asymmetric electrolyte on charged colloids by a density functional perturbation theory. The hard-sphere contribution has been approximated as the direct pair correlation function with the coupling parameter, whereas the electronic contribution has been approximated as the mean-spherical approximation in the bulk phase. The calculated results for the ionic density distributions and mean electrostatic potentials are in very good agreement with the computer simulations over a wide range of colloid sizes and electrolyte concentrations. The present theory provides better structural results than the hypernetted-chain equation based on the mean spherical approximation. We have confirmed that the overcharging appears when the counterions are larger than the coions. The overcharging disappears everywhere when the electrostatic repulsion becomes strong enough, while the charge reversal is observed when the coions are larger than the counterions, and the reversal effect appears for a size-asymmetric electrolyte at high surface charge densities. The charge reversal occurs even for the point of zero charge, mainly due to the depletion force between two ions. The present theory is able to provide interesting insights about the charge reversal and overcharging phenomena occurring at the interface.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Generation of a quasi-monoenergetic high energy proton beam from a vacuum-sandwiched double layer target irradiated by an ultraintense laser pulse

An acceleration mechanism to generate a high energy proton beam with a narrow energy spread in the laser-induced plasma acceleration of a proton beam is proposed; this mechanism employs two thin foils separated by a narrow vacuum gap. Instead of a thin sheath field at the plasma surfaces, it utilizes an electrostatic field formed in the bulk of the plasma. From a one-dimensional fluid analysis, it has been found that with an appropriate target thickness, protons on the front surface of the second layer can be fed into the plasma, in which the protons are accelerated by an electrostatic field built into the bulk of the plasma. This leads to a proton beam with higher energy and a narrower energy spread than those accelerated at the rear surface of the second layer. The acceleration mechanism is also verified by a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. With a 27-fs long and 2×10{sup 19} W/cm{sup 2} intense laser pulse, a proton beam with an 18-MeV peak energy and a 35% energy spread is generated. The peak energy is higher than that from the rear surface of the second layer by a factor of 3.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Analysis of carrier transport and carrier trapping in organic diodes with polyimide-6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene double-layer by charge modulation spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation measurement

We studied the carrier transport and carrier trapping in indium tin oxide/polyimide (PI)/6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene)/Au diodes by using charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS) and time-resolved electric field induced optical second harmonic generation (TR-EFISHG) measurements. TR-EFISHG directly probes the spatial carrier behaviors in the diodes, and CMS is useful in explaining the carrier motion with respect to energy. The results clearly indicate that the injected carriers move across TIPS-pentacene thorough the molecular energy states of TIPS-pentacene and accumulate at the PI/TIPS-pentacene interface. However, some carriers are trapped in the PI layers. These findings take into account the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics of the diodes.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Characterize the Solid/Liquid Interface: Probing the Electrochemical Double Layer

Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has contributed greatly to a wide range of research fields, including environmental science, catalysis, and electrochemistry, to name a few. The use of this technique at synchrotron facilities primarily focused on probing the solid/gas interface; however, it quickly advanced to the probing of liquid/vapor interfaces and solid/liquid interfaces through an X-ray-transparent window. Most recently, combining APXPS with “Tender” X-rays (~2.5 keV to 8 keV) on beamline 9.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (which can generate photoelectrons with much longer inelastic mean free paths) has enabled us to probe the solid/liquid interface without needing a window. This innovation allows us to probe interfacial chemistries of electrochemically controlled solid/liquid interfaces undergoing charge transfer reactions. Lastly, these advancements have transitioned APXPS from a traditional surface science tool to an essential interface science technique.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magneto-Coulomb Drag and Hall Drag in Double-Layer Dirac Systems

We develop a theory of Coulomb drag due to momentum transfer between graphene layers in a strong magnetic field. The theory is intended to apply in systems with disorder that is weak compared to Landau level separation, so that Landau level mixing is weak but strong compared to correlation energies within a single Landau level, so that fractional quantum Hall physics is not relevant. We find that, in contrast to the zero-field limit, the longitudinal magneto-Coulomb drag is finite and, in fact, attains a maximum at the simultaneous charge neutrality point (CNP) of both layers. Our theory also predicts a sizable Hall drag resistivity at densities away from the CNP.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗