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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Exploring the Interplay between Polyphenols and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes for Maintaining Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis

Collagen, the most abundant structural protein found in mammals, plays a vital role as a constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells. Collagen fibrils are strengthened through the formation of covalent cross-links, which involve complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is responsible for catalyzing the oxidative deamination of lysine and hydroxylysine residues, resulting in the production of aldehydes, allysine, and hydroxyallysine. These intermediates undergo spontaneous condensation reactions, leading to the formation of immature cross-links, which are the initial step in the development of mature covalent cross-links. Additionally, non-enzymatic glycation contributes to the formation of abnormal cross-linking in collagen fibrils. During glycation, specific lysine and arginine residues in collagen are modified by reducing sugars, leading to the creation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). These AGEs have been associated with changes in the mechanical properties of collagen fibers. Interestingly, various studies have reported that plant polyphenols possess amine oxidase-like activity and can act as potent inhibitors of protein glycation. This review article focuses on compiling the literature describing polyphenols with amine oxidase-like activity and antiglycation properties. Specifically, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which specific flavonoids impact or protect the normal collagen cross-linking process. Furthermore, we discuss how these dual activities can be harnessed to generate properly cross-linked collagen molecules, thereby promoting the stabilization of highly organized collagen fibrils.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

RNA-guided nucleic acid modifying enzymes and methods of use thereof

The present disclosure provides CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX proteins, and modified host cells comprising the CasX proteins and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX proteins are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides CasX guide RNAs that bind to and provide sequence specificity to the CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX guide RNAs, and modified host cells comprising the CasX guide RNAs and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX guide RNAs are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides archaeal Cas9 polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding same, as well as their associated archaeal Cas9 guide RNAs and nucleic acids encoding same.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermophilic and thermoacidophilic biopolymer-degrading genes and enzymes from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and related organisms, methods

Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods of at least partially degrading, cleaving, or removing polysaccharides, lignocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, chitin, polyhydroxybutyrate, heteroxylans, glycosides, xylan-, glucan-, galactan-, or mannan-decorating groups using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermophilic and thermoacidophilic metabolism genes and enzymes from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and related organisms, methods

Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods for modulating or altering metabolism in a cell using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

A nitrogenase-like enzyme system catalyzes methionine, ethylene, and methane biogenesis

Bacterial production of gaseous hydrocarbons like ethylene and methane affect soil environments and atmospheric climate. We demonstrate that biogenic methane and ethylene from terrestrial and freshwater bacteria are directly produced by a previously unknown methionine biosynthesis pathway. This pathway, present in numerous species, employs a nitrogenase-like reductase that is distinct from known nitrogenases and nitrogenase-like reductases. It specifically functions in C-S bond breakage to reduce ubiquitous and significant volatile organic sulfur compounds such as dimethyl sulfide. Liberated methanethiol serves as the immediate precursor to methionine, while ethylene or methane is released into the environment. Anaerobic ethylene production by this pathway apparently explains the origin and long- standing observation of ethylene accumulation in oxygen-depleted soils. Methane production bolsters the accumulating evidence that methanogenesis is not exclusively archaeal.

North, Justin A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Gene targets for improved enzyme production in fungi

Fungi that are genetically inactivated for the mstC gene (or a homolog thereof) are provided, which can also be genetically modified to increase production of heterologous proteins from a glucoamylase promoter. Methods of using these fungi, for example to degrade a biomass, are also provided.

Baker, Scott E.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Production of hydroxylated and methoxylated flavonoids in yeast by expression specific enzymes

Recombinant yeast that are genetically modified to contain and express genes or gene pathways that produce hydroxylated and/or methoxylated flavonoids are provided. The genes or gene pathways are derived from plants, for example, from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and the hydroxylated and/or methoxylated flavonoids include, for example, 6-methoxylated naringenin, 6-methoxylated luteolin and 6-methoxylated kaempferol.

Gang, David↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mutant xylan biosynthetic enzymes capable of dominant suppression of xylan biosynthesis

The present invention provides for a polypeptide capable of dominant suppression of a first naturally occurring IRX10, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity as compared to a second naturally occurring IRX10 wherein the polypeptide comprises one or more of the conserved amino acid indicated in FIG. 2 substituted with a different amino acid residue.

Brandon, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2022

RNA-guided nucleic acid modifying enzymes and methods of use thereof

The present disclosure provides CasY proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasY proteins, and modified host cells comprising the CasY proteins and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasY proteins are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides CasY guide RNAs that bind to and provide sequence specificity to the CasY proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasY guide RNAs, and modified host cells comprising the CasY guide RNAs and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasY guide RNAs are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides methods of identifying a CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease.

Doudna, Jennifer A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Gene targets for improved enzyme production in fungi

Fungi that are genetically inactivated for the mstC gene (or a homolog thereof) are provided, which can also be genetically modified to increase production of heterologous proteins from a glucoamylase promoter. Methods of using these fungi, for example to degrade a biomass, are also provided.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

RNA-guided nucleic acid modifying enzymes and methods of use thereof

The present disclosure provides CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX proteins, and modified host cells comprising the CasX proteins and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX proteins are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides CasX guide RNAs that bind to and provide sequence specificity to the CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX guide RNAs, and modified host cells comprising the CasX guide RNAs and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX guide RNAs are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides archaeal Cas9 polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding same, as well as their associated archaeal Cas9 guide RNAs and nucleic acids encoding same.

Doudna, Jennifer A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Methane monooxygenase enzymes

Improved soluble methane monooxygenases and soluble methane monooxygenase systems are provided.

Clarke, Elizabeth Jane↗
DOE OSTI2024

RNA-guided nucleic acid modifying enzymes and methods of use thereof

The present disclosure provides CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX proteins, and modified host cells comprising the CasX proteins and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX proteins are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides CasX guide RNAs that bind to and provide sequence specificity to the CasX proteins, nucleic acids encoding the CasX guide RNAs, and modified host cells comprising the CasX guide RNAs and/or nucleic acids encoding same. CasX guide RNAs are useful in a variety of applications, which are provided. The present disclosure provides archaeal Cas9 polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding same, as well as their associated archaeal Cas9 guide RNAs and nucleic acids encoding same.

Doudna, Jennifer A.↗