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Structural Analysis and Matrix Interpretive System eliminates high-speed digital computer restrictions of lack of generalization and lack of flexibility. Programming concepts of the system are standardization, modularity, and programming for intermediate-size problems.
The TV camera visor was placed in a vacuum chamber and examined for alpha radioactivity using an alpha-scattering instrument, and plates covered with the same paint and made at the same time as the visor were used as a control. The spectra of visor and plates are very similar, and it is concluded that the gross activity on the visor is due entirely to the activity of the paint. The data were used to obtain the amount of Po-210 activity on the lunar surface. It is felt that the lack of detected alpha radioactivity does not indicate a lack of activity on the moon, since dust layers were knocked off the visor.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report. ERTS-1 imagery was received from NASA in both positive and negative form. This imagery was analyzed to determine the hydrologic features of the water mass, including current patterns, particulate in suspension, and the contacts between different water masses, as well as coastal marsh characteristics. A Spectral Data Model 64 multispectral projector/viewer was used for the analysis. Quick look analysis of the second generation negatives indicated that: (1) green spectral band lacked contrast and was overexposed; (2) red spectral had acceptable contrast, but somewhat overexposed; and (3) infrared bands overexposed for land areas, but exposure good for water. Analysis of second generation positives indicated that; (1) green spectral band extremely flat; (2) red spectral band of acceptable contrast, but too dense for projection; and (3) infrared bands lacked detail in both water and land areas. Photographs indicate that it is necessary to expose and process the multispectral imagery for the scene brightness range under consideration.
Optical holographic storage in single-crystal LiNbO3 is described which can be optically erased at room temperature and then rewritten with no degradation in efficiency or writing rate. The diffraction efficiencies associated with the process are about 0.0001. Some variations from previously obtained results include a lack of threshold power density for writing, very-long-term persistence of the stored hologram, and a lack of a dependence of the diffracted intensity on the polarization of the readout beam.
Southern Africa is faced with a variety of environmental problems that reflect the different states of development of countries in the region. The task of the environmental planner is in many instances complicated by a lack of basic resource information. The acquisition of the necessary data is often impeded by shortage of trained personnel and lack of funds, particularly in developing nations of the region. The range of environmental problems in Southern Africa are described and specific examples are shown of how ERTS type imagery can materially assist in solving these problems. These examples demonstrate that ERTS type data will be of substantial value to both the industrialized and the developing nations of Southern Africa, provided that problems of availability and user education are overcome.
Highlights of a recent survey of the future needs for dynamic stability information for such aerospace vehicles as the Space Shuttle and advanced high-performance military aircraft, indicating the importance of obtaining this information for high-angle-of-attack high-Reynolds-number conditions. A review of the wind-tunnel capabilities in North America for measuring dynamic stability derivatives reveals an almost total lack of such capabilities for Mach numbers above 0.1 at angles of attack higher than 25 deg. In addition, capabilities to obtain certain new cross-coupling derivatives and information on effects of the coning motion are almost completely lacking. Recommendations are made regarding equipment that should be constructed to remedy this situation.
An overview of the problems of entry aerodynamics and heating is given with emphasis on survival of the probe, predictability of performance, and reliability of performance. Technological challenges to performance prediction are considered and include: turbulent heat transfer, radiation blockage, chemical state of the shock layer, afterbody heat transfer, asymmetric ablation, and real-gas aerodynamics. It is indicated that various obstacles must be overcome in order to achieve technology readiness. These obstacles are considered to be: extrapolations from ground tests to flight; lack of flight experience; lack of parametric data; and uncertain knowledge of atmospherics.
Results are reported for 115 pairs of CO2 and H2O abundance determinations made with the coude scanner of a 2.7 m reflector. The pairs of observations were made over the same area of the illuminated disk of Venus with the guiding, seeing and slit-placement errors less than 15 per cent of the disk diameter. A correlation analysis of the pairs of observations grouping them into eight periods of time which corresponded to telescope observing runs or periods of similar phase angle shows a lack of correlation in all except one period. For this set, the H2O abundances were positively correlated with the relative CO2 line strengths for measurements of the 8689-A and 7820-A CO2 bands made on the same day. Comparison of abundances on some 25 individual days shows a positive correlation on one day and a marginal negative correlation on two days, with no correlation on the remaining 22 days. On the basis of the lack of correlations, it is concluded that either the H2O level of line formation does not fluctuate in phase with the observed CO2 absorption fluctuations or the horizontal distribution of the H2O vapor must be inhomogeneous.
Liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, eddy current and X-radiographic techniques were optimized and applied to the evaluation of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy test specimens in integrally stiffened panel, and weld panel configurations. Fatigue cracks in integrally stiffened panels, lack-of-fusion in weld panels, and fatigue cracks in weld panels were the flaw types used for evaluation. A 2319 aluminum alloy weld filler rod was used for all welding to produce the test specimens. Forty seven integrally stiffened panels containing a total of 146 fatigue cracks, ninety three lack-of-penetration (LOP) specimens containing a total of 239 LOP flaws, and one-hundred seventeen welded specimens containing a total of 293 fatigue cracks were evaluated. Nondestructive test detection reliability enhancement was evaluated during separate inspection sequences in the specimens in the 'as-machined or as-welded', post etched and post proof loaded conditions. Results of the nondestructive test evaluations were compared to the actual flaw size obtained by measurement of the fracture specimens after completing all inspection sequences. Inspection data were then analyzed to provide a statistical basis for determining the flaw detection reliability.
Significance of gravitation forces in regulating homeostasis is discussed, along with weightlessness effects on humans and a state of reduced weight (subgravity), such as on the moon. Biomedical effects of weightlessness adaptation to zero G and readaptation to terrestrial gravitation are described for the nervous system, cardiovascular system, metabolism, and musculoskeletal system. Reactions caused primarly by: (1) changes in the afferent nervous system, (2) lack of hydrostatic blood pressure, (3) lack of weight on the musculoskeletal system, and (4) exposure limits derived from the effects of prolonged weightlessness on humans are reviewed. Protection of humans from adverse effects of weightlessness is considered; Skylab missions are also summarized.
It is noted that two meteors which exhibited no lines of iron or sodium in their spectra have been tentatively attributed to aubrites in order to explain their lack of iron. It is shown, however, that no meteorites, including aubrites, have simultaneously low abundances of iron and sodium and that possible parent materials other than aubrites must be considered for the observed meteors. Other possible parent materials considered in this letter include melilite and diopside, two minerals containing both Ca and Mg but neither Fe nor Na. It is suggested that meteoroids rich in Ca and Mg but lacking Fe and Na might form a reservoir for the so-called 'lost' elements (Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, the lanthanides, and other refractory elements) which are depleted in ordinary and enstatite chondrites relative to cosmic abundances.
Iron-bearing olivines and pyroxenes occurring in Orgueil may represent a separate population distinct from the magnesian varieties previously reported. Compositions of these iron-bearing silicates are inconsistent with an origin by direct equilibrium condensation in the nebula. Such an origin is more plausible for the magnesian silicates, but lacks conclusive evidence. An extra-solar system origin for either mafic population is possible, though similarly lacking in evidence. About 15% of the olivines, randomly distributed with respect to iron content, retain particle track evidence of a precompaction irradiation.
The search for extraterrestrial life in the solar system is reviewed in the light of present knowledge about the physical state of the planets. Arguing that all life in the universe is based on carbon chemistry, the carbon abundance in the solar system is discussed along with the composition of the planets, the presence of organic compounds (particularly amino acids) in meteorites, and the existence of complex organic compounds in interstellar space. Prospects for life in the solar system are evaluated by eliminating most of the bodies as potential biological habitats on the basis of temperature and lack of an atmosphere. Bodies eliminated in this manner include the moon, most of the other satellites, Mercury, Venus, the asteroids, and the giant planets. It is shown that the outlook for life on Titan is uncertain, but that Mars fulfills the minimum conditions for a life-bearing planet. Theories on the Martian surface environment are reviewed, the problem of the lack of water on Mars is examined, and the possibility of climatic changes is considered. The Viking mission is briefly noted.
The electrical performance of a power processor depends on the quality of its control system. Most of the existing control circuits suffer one or more of the following imperfections that tend to restrict their respective utility: (1) inability to perform different modes of duty cycle control; (2) lack of immunity to output filter parameter changes, and (3) lack of capability to provide power component stress limiting on an instantaneous basis. The three lagging aspects of existing control circuits have been used to define the major objectives of the current Standardized Control Module (SCM) Program. Detailed information on the SCM functional block diagram, its universality, and performance features, circuit description, test results, and modeling and analysis efforts are presented.
We discuss the existence of pulsing X-ray sources that consist of neutron stars in highly compact binary systems (orbital periods not more than Od3), undergoing accretion from low-mass late-type dwarf or degenerate-dwarf companions. An appropriate mass transfer rate can be driven by the decay of the orbit due to gravitational radiation, a self-excited wind, and/or the evolution of the companion. Such a system may result from the evolution of a cataclysmic variable, wherein a degenerate dwarf collapses to form a neutron star after accreting sufficient mass to exceed the Chandrasekhar limit. We apply this model to the 7s7 X-ray pulsar 3U 1626-67, and demonstrate that it can explain the apparent lack of Doppler shifts in the X-ray pulsations from this source. The model may also account for other observed properties of the source, including (1) the apparent faintness and large ultraviolet excess of the optical counterpart, (2) the lack of X-ray eclipses, and (3) an approximately 1000 s quasi-periodic oscillation in the source intensity that was recently observed with the SAS 3 satellite.
The spectrum of a fast (63 km/s) sporadic meteor for which altitude and orbit data are available is reported. The -6 mag meteor occurred on January 5, 1976, over southern New Mexico. Fifty features have been identified in the spectrum. The spectrum is essentially identical to that of Perseid meteors of similar brightness. It is shown that heavy-particle collisions do not dominate bright meteor spectra lacking time resolution. Low-energy electron excitation of Ca II is strongly indicated in the wake to such an extent as to strongly affect spectra of this type lacking time resolution.
The relative abundances of 1.5-23 MeV per nucleon ions in corotating nucleon streams are compared with ion abundances in particle events associated with solar flares and with solar and solar wind abundances. He/O and C/O ratios are found to be a factor of the order 2-3 greater in corotating streams than in flare-associated events. The distribution of H/He ratios in corotating streams is found to be much narrower and of lower average value than in flare-associated events. H/He in corotating energetic particle streams compares favorably in both lack of variability and numerical value with H/He in high-speed solar wind plasma streams. The lack of variability suggests that the source population for the corotating energetic particles is the solar wind, a suggestion consistent with acceleration of the corotating particles in interplanetary space.
A summary is given of the attempts made to apply semidirect methods to the calculation of three-dimensional viscous flows over suction holes in laminar flow control surfaces. The attempts were all unsuccessful, due to either (1) lack of resolution capability, (2) lack of computer efficiency, or (3) instability.