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At least 523 records · Page 29

Probing soft X-ray induced photoreduction of a model Mn-complex at cryogenic conditions

Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of first row transition elements at their respective L -edges provides important information about the oxidation and spin states of the metal centers. However, the associated sample damage in radiation-sensitive samples substantially alters the electronic and chemical structures of redox-active metal centers. Here, we measure the soft X-ray spectrum of the model Mn III (acac) 3 complex containing a redox-active Mn III metal center in an octahedral environment with a superconducting transition-edge sensor detector. To reduce the secondary damage resulting primarily from the diffusion of radicals and electrons, the spectra are collected at 30 K and 80 K on solid samples. Starting from the first scan, we detect the contribution of X-ray induced sample damage leading to a change in the Mn II intensity. However, at low temperatures, particularly at 30 K, we do not observe a gradual increase in the radiation damage with successive scans with the X-ray beam at the same spot. At our estimated dose of 90 kGy, we find 62% of Mn III (acac) 3 is still intact at 30 K. However, at room temperature, we see a gradual increase in radiation damage with increasing numbers of scans at the same spot, which is consistent with the possibility of increased diffusion rates of secondary radicals and electrons as noted in other studies.

L-edge spectroscopy↗

Random-exchange Heisenberg behavior in the electron-doped quasi-one-dimensional spin-1 chain compound AgVP 2 ⁢S 6

Recent theoretical work suggests that a pair-density wave superconducting state can be realized by doping a one-dimensional spin-1 chain. Here, we report the physical properties of single crystals of Mg x Ag 1–x VP 2 S 6 [x = 0, x = 0.017(6), x = 0.067(8), and 0.098(11)] prepared by solid-state synthesis. Single-crystal x-ray-diffraction measurements confirm that Mg 2+ is substituting for Ag + to electron dope the V 3+ zigzag chains. Magnetization measurements reveal that electron doping breaks up the V 3+ chains, resulting in unpaired spins at the chain ends. The Mg x Ag 1–x VP 2 S 6 series is consistent with random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain behavior and can be well described by the exchange-coupled pair model at low temperatures. As a result, transport measurements show Mg x Ag 1–x VP 2 S 6 remains insulating in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.098(11), with the band gap decreasing to ~ 0.2 eV at x = 0.098(11).

1-dimensional spin chains↗

Field-induced magnetization of δ -plutonium from density functional theory

Here, we present results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations of magnetization, induced by an external magnetic field, for δ-phase plutonium. The fully relativistic electronic structure accounts for Zeeman splitting effects through a Hamiltonian that couples the magnetic field to both spin and orbital magnetic moments. The electronic-structure model is further improved by an extension to DFT in terms of an orbital-orbital coupling via the conventional orbital-polarization method, as has routinely been done for plutonium. The response to the applied magnetic field is shown to be weak in the DFT model, with induced magnetic moments of the order of in magnetic fields up to 30 T. These results are in accord with recent assessments from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements in magnetic field on δ-plutonium. Somewhat surprisingly, a model assuming δ-plutonium to be absent magnetic moments shows stronger response to an external static magnetic field than models allowing for antiferromagnetism or magnetic disorder.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Machine learning approach for vibronically renormalized electronic band structures

Here, we present a machine learning (ML) method for efficient computation of vibrational thermal expectation values of physical properties from first principles. Our approach is based on the nonperturbative frozen phonon formulation in which stochastic Monte Carlo algorithm is employed to sample configurations of nuclei in a supercell at finite temperatures based on a first-principles phonon model. A deep-learning neural network is trained to accurately predict physical properties associated with sampled phonon configurations, thus bypassing the time-consuming ab initio calculations. To incorporate the point-group symmetry of the electronic system into the ML model, group-theoretical methods are used to develop a symmetry-invariant descriptor for phonon configurations in the supercell. We apply our ML approach to compute the temperature dependent electronic energy gap of silicon based on density functional theory (DFT). We show that, with less than a hundred DFT calculations for training the neural network model, an order of magnitude larger number of sampling can be achieved for the computation of the vibrational thermal expectation values. Our work highlights the promising potential of ML techniques for finite temperature first-principles electronic structure methods.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Effects of chemical disorder and spin-orbit coupling on the electronic-structure and Fermi-surface topology of YbSb-based monopnictides

Here, in this work, we study the influence of disorder on the electronic structure of YbSb—a rare-earth monopnictide featuring a simple rocksalt (B1) crystal structure and a well-defined Fermi-surface topology—by employing first-principles density-functional theory. We focus on chemical disorder introduced through Te and Al doping, selected based on their thermodynamic stability in alloyed configurations, to understand how such perturbations modify the electronic states of YbSb. Our results indicate that Te doping predominantly introduces electronlike states at the 𝑋 and 𝐿 points, while Al doping leads to a suppression of holelike states at Γ, effectively driving the system from a semimetallic state to one characterized by very narrow-gap behavior at Γ. This modulation of the Fermi surface, particularly the reduction of central hole pockets at Γ, plays a central role in altering interpocket scattering—a mechanism critical for tuning quantum transport properties, including superconductivity. This disorder-driven modulation of the Fermi surface, particularly the suppression of central hole pockets at Γ, controls interpocket scattering, which is essential for optimizing quantum transport properties, including superconductivity. Our results show that disorder can be effectively used for engineering band topology, thereby tuning quantum related response through a tailored electronic structure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Dispersion kinks from electronic correlations in an unconventional iron-based superconductor

The attractive interaction in conventional BCS superconductors is provided by a bosonic mode. However, the pairing glue of most unconventional superconductors is unknown. The effect of electron-boson coupling is therefore extensively studied in these materials. A key signature are dispersion kinks that can be observed in the spectral function as abrupt changes in velocity and lifetime of quasiparticles. Here, we show the existence of two kinks in the unconventional iron-based superconductor RbFe 2 As 2 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and dynami- cal mean field theory (DMFT). In addition, we observe the formation of a Hubbard band multiplet due to the combination of Coulomb interaction and Hund’s rule coupling in this multiorbital systems. We demonstrate that the two dispersion kinks are a consequence of these strong many-body interactions. This interpretation is in line with a growing number of theoretical predictions for kinks in various general models of correlated materials. Our results provide a unifying link between iron-based superconductors and different classes of correlated, unconventional superconductors such as cuprates and heavy-fermion materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

A V 3 Sb 5 kagome superconductors

Here, the recent discovery of the AV 3 Sb 5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) kagome superconductors launched a growing field of research investigating the interplay between superconductivity and charge-density wave order in kagome metals. Specifically, the AV 3 Sb 5 family of materials naturally exhibits a Fermi level close to the Van Hove singularities associated with the saddle points formed from the prototypical kagome band structure. The charge-density wave and superconducting states that form within the kagome networks of these compounds exhibit a number of anomalous properties reminiscent of theoretical predictions of exotic states in kagome metals tuned close to their Van Hove fillings. In this Review, we discuss the key structural and electronic features of AV 3 Sb 5 compounds and survey the status of investigations of their unconventional electronic phase transitions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Synthesis and characterization of high-Tc superconductors in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system

Both Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10 and TlCa3BaCu3O8.5 are investigated for superconductivity as a function of the sintering temperature, time, atmosphere, and quench rate in an effort to synthesize the high-Tc superconducting phase in the thallium system. The samples are characterized by electrical resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Samples of starting composition Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10 fired in air at 860-900 C and rapidly quenched show a Tc of 96-107 K. In contrast, specimens of starting composition TlCa3BaCu3O8.5 when baked at 900 C and slowly cooled in oxygen superconduct at 116 K and above and consist of Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O(10+x) as the dominant phase. The results also show that, in contrast to the case of YBa2Cu3O(7-x), doping with a small concentration of fluorine sharpens the resistive transition and produces a large Tc increase in thallium-based superconductors.

Bansal, Narottam P.↗

Pressure-Induced Exciton Formation and Superconductivity in Platinum-Based Mineral Sperrylite

We report a comprehensive study of Sperrylite (PtAs 2 ), the main platinum source in natural minerals, as a function of applied pressures up to 150 GPa. While no structural phase transition is detected from pressure-dependent X-ray measurements, the unit cell volume shrinks monotonically with pressure following the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. The mildly semiconducting behavior found in pure synthesized crystals at ambient pressures becomes more insulating upon increasing the applied pressure before metalizing at higher pressures, giving way to the appearance of an abrupt decrease in resistance near 3 K at pressures above 92 GPa consistent with the onset of a superconducing phase. The pressure evolution of the calculated electronic band structure reveals the same physical trend as our transport measurements, with a non-monotonic evolution explained by a hole band that is pushed below the Fermi energy and an electron band that approaches it as a function of pressure, both reaching a touching point suggestive of an excitonic state. A Lifshitz transition of the electronic structure and an increase in the density of states may naturally explain the onset of superconductivity in this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Kondo effect in ferromagnetic quantum critical CeRh 6 ⁢Ge 4

The mechanism of a pressure-induced quantum critical point in the heavy fermion ferromagnet CeRh 6 ⁢Ge 4 has attracted interest, as ferromagnetic quantum criticality in a clean itinerant Ce compound is typically avoided. The localized versus itinerant character of the 4⁢𝑓 electrons is a key aspect for understanding this behavior. We investigated the electronic structure of the 4⁢𝑓 shell in CeRh 6 ⁢Ge 4 using core-level photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating the hybridization of Ce 4⁢𝑓 with the conduction electrons. Linearly polarized x-ray absorption reveals a temperature-dependent linear dichroism consistent with the crystal-electric-field sequence as inferred from the static susceptibility. This dichroism cannot be described by an ionic full-multiplet model alone, but is reproduced by including the Kondo effect within a single-impurity Anderson model in the noncrossing approximation. The Kondo effect mixes higher-lying crystal-field states into a resulting multiorbital ground state with 4⁢𝑓 occupancy, 𝑛 𝑓 ∼ 0.9. Deviations at low temperatures between the measured linear dichroism and calculated dichroism suggest an orbital-dependent Kondo effect. A scenario in which there is a multiorbital ground state and orbital-dependent Kondo hybridization should be a starting point for a model of pressure-induced criticality in CeRh 6 ⁢Ge 4 .

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

High-Density Superconducting Cables for Advanced ACTPol

Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) is an upcoming Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) receiver upgrade, scheduled to deploy in 2016, that will allow measure- ment of the cosmic microwave background polarization and temperature to the highest precision yet with ACT. The AdvACT increase in sensitivity is partly provided by an increase in the number of transition-edge sensors (TESes) per array by up to a factor of two over the current ACTPol receiver detector arrays. The high-density AdvACT TES arrays require 70 μ m pitch superconducting flexible cables (flex) to connect the detec- tor wafer to the first-stage readout electronics. Here, we present the flex fabrication process and test results. For the flex wiring layer, we use a 400-nm-thick sputtered alu- minum film. In the center of the cable, the wiring is supported by a polyimide substrate, which smoothly transitions to a bare (uncoated with polyimide) silicon substrate at the ends of the cable for a robust wedge wire-bonding interface. Tests on the first batch of flex made for the first AdvACT array show that the flex will meet the requirements for AdvACT, with a superconducting critical current above 1 mA at 500 mK, resilience to mechanical and cryogenic stress, and a room temperature yield of 97%.

transition-edge sensors (TESes)↗

Test of spatial isotropy using a cryogenic torsion pendulum

Motion of the earth through the cosmic neutrino background, or through certain kinds of vacuum states, produces a term of the form g(sigma) x v in the energy of an electron. To search for such a term, a cryogenic torsion pendulum carrying a transversely polarized magnet was used. Superconducting shields reduced magnetic torques. A sigma x v term would produce a sinusoidal oscillation of the pendulum with a period of one sidereal day. Such an oscillation was not detected, and a new limit of 8.5 x 10 to the -18th eV has been set for the splitting of the spin states of an electron at rest on the earth.

Phillips, Peter R.↗

Comparative analysis of plasmon modes in layered Lindhard metals and strange metals

The enigmatic strange metal remains one of the central unsolved problems of 21st century science. Understanding this phase of matter requires knowledge of the momentum- and energy-resolved dynamic charge susceptibility 𝜒⁡(𝑞,𝜔), especially at finite momentum. Inelastic electron scattering (EELS), performed in either transmission or reflection geometry, is a powerful probe of 𝜒⁡(𝑞,𝜔). For the prototypical strange metal Bi 2 ⁢Sr 2 ⁢CaCu 2 ⁢O 8+𝑥 , transmission- and reflection EELS, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy agree at 𝑞∼0, all revealing a highly damped plasmon near 1 eV. At larger 𝑞, however, EELS results show unresolved discrepancies. Since IR data are highly reproducible, it is advantageous to use IR data to calculate what the expected EELS response should be at modest 𝑞. Building on prior momentum-resolved reflection geometry M-EELS work [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. B 109, 045108 (2024)], we extend this approach to transmission EELS for finite stacks of metallic layers, comparing a “textbook” Lindhard metal to a strange metal. In the Lindhard case, the low-𝑞 response is dominated by long-lived, standing wave plasmon modes arising from interlayer Coulomb coupling, with in-plane dispersions that resemble the well-known Fetter modes of layered metals. This behavior depends only on the geometry and the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction and is largely insensitive to layer details. At larger 𝑞, the response reflects the microscopic properties of individual layers. For the strange metal, calculations based on IR data predict a highly damped plasmon with weak dispersion and no distinct surface mode. While our results match IR and M-EELS at low 𝑞, they do not reproduce any published EELS spectra at large 𝑞, highlighting unresolved discrepancies that demand further experimental investigation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Nanoscale polarization transient gratings

Light manipulation at the nanoscale is essential both for fundamental science and modern technology. The quest to shorter lengthscales, however, requires the use of light wavelengths beyond the visible. In particular, in the extreme ultraviolet regime these manipulation capabilities are hampered by the lack of efficient optics, especially for polarization control. Here, we present a method to create periodic, polarization modulations at the nanoscale using a tailored configuration of the FERMI free electron laser and demonstrate its capabilities by comparing the dynamics induced by this polarization transient grating with those driven by a conventional intensity grating on a thin ferrimagnetic alloy. While the intensity grating signal is dominated by the thermoelastic response, the polarization grating excitation minimizes it, uncovering helicity-dependent responses previously undetected. We anticipate nanoscale polarization transient gratings to become useful for the study of physical, chemical and biological systems possessing chiral symmetry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Supermodulation-driven evolution of the nodal structure of bismuth-based cuprate superconductors

Recent work has shown novel properties of twisted cuprates. In this paper, I point out that related phenomena occur intrinsically in bismuth-based cuprate superconductors due to the presence of the BiO supermodulation. As the ratio of the supermodulation potential to the superconducting energy gap increases, two critical points are found where semi-Dirac nodes form (that is, they have quadratic dispersion in one direction and linear dispersion in the orthogonal direction). The first critical point should be realized in Bi2212, the second in Bi2201. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Cuprates↗

Controlling topology through targeted composite symmetry manipulation in magnetic systems

The possibility of selecting magnetic space groups by orienting the magnetization direction or tuning magnetic orders offers a vast playground for engineering symmetry-protected topological phases in magnetic materials. In this work, we study how selective tuning of symmetry and magnetism can influence and control the resulting topology in a two-dimensional magnetic system, and we illustrate such a procedure in the ferromagnetic monolayer MnPSe 3 . Density functional theory calculations reveal a symmetry-protected accidental semimetallic (SM) phase for out-of-plane magnetization, which becomes an insulator when the magnetization is tilted in-plane, reaching band-gap values close to 100 meV. We identify an order-2 composite antiunitary symmetry and threefold rotational symmetry that induce the band crossing, and we classify the possible topological phases using symmetry analysis, which we support with tight-binding and k · p models. Breaking of inversion symmetry opens a gap in the SM phase, giving rise to a Chern insulator. We demonstrate this explicitly in the isostructural Janus compound Mn 2 ⁢P 2 ⁢S 3 ⁢Se 3 , which naturally exhibits Rashba spin-orbit coupling that breaks inversion symmetry. Our results map out the phase space of topological properties of ferromagnetic transition-metal phosphorus trichalcogenides, and they demonstrate the potential of the magnetization-dependent metal-to-insulator transition as a spin switch in integrated two-dimensional electronics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Coupling of electronic transition to ferroelectric order in a 2D semiconductor

A ferroelectric material often exhibits a soft transverse optical (TO) phonon mode which governs its phase transition. Charge coupling to this ferroelectric soft mode may further mediate emergent physical properties, including superconductivity and defect tolerance in semiconductors. However, direct experimental evidence for such coupling is scarce. Here we show that a photogenerated coherent phonon couples strongly to the electronic transition above the bandgap in the van der Waals (vdW) two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric semiconductor NbOI 2 . Using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we identify this mode as the TO phonon responsible for ferroelectric order. This exclusive coupling occurs only with the above-gap electronic transition and is absent in the valence band as revealed by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Our findings suggest a new role of the soft TO phonon mode in electronic and optical properties of ferroelectric semiconductors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Development of Electronics for Low Temperature Space Missions

The operation of electronic systems at cryogenic temperatures is anticipated for many future NASA space missions such as deep space probes and planetary surface exploration. For example, an unheated interplanetary probe launched to explore the rings of Saturn would reach an average temperature near Saturn of about -183 C. In addition to surviving the deep space harsh environment, electronics capable of low temperature operation would contribute to improving circuit performance, increasing system efficiency, and reducing payload development and launch costs. Terrestrial applications where components and systems must operate in low temperature environments include cryogenic instrumentation, superconducting magnetic energy storage, magnetic levitation transportation system, and arctic exploration. An on-going research and development program on low temperature electronics at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on the development of efficient power systems capable of surviving and exploiting the advantages of low temperature environments. Inhouse efforts include the design, fabrication, and characterization of low temperature power systems and the development of supporting technologies for low temperature operations, such as dielectric and insulating materials, semiconductor devices, passive power components, opto-electronic devices, as well as packaging and integration of the developed components into prototype flight hardware.

Patterson, Richard L.↗