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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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38 records · Page 3
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DOE OSTI2026

Electrically Accelerated Mechanochemical Film Formation by a Phosphonium Phosphate Ionic Liquid: An In Situ Chemical Kinetics Investigation

Powertrains in electric vehicles are exposed to stray currents that accelerate wear and cause failure of mechanical components. These durability issues are further aggravated when using low-viscosity lubricants, which are desired for energy efficiency but create harsher contact conditions at sliding interfaces. This study investigates a phosphonium phosphate ionic liquid as a performance-enhancing additive in a low-viscosity base oil for lubricating electrified sliding interfaces. Ionic liquids can adsorb and react on contact interfaces via stress-assisted chemical reactions, generating nanometric tribofilms that provide protection against wear. However, the effect of electric fields on the mechanochemistry of ionic liquids is poorly understood, hindering their adoption in lubricants for electrified powertrains. This article reports an in situ optical interferometry study of ionic liquid derived tribofilm growth kinetics at stressed sliding/rolling interfaces under direct currents. The application of electric currents accelerated tribofilm formation up to a critical current density (∼1.4 A/mm 2 ), beyond which pitting-induced wear dominated. The tribofilms were composed of iron phosphates, iron oxides, and carbon species, with iron oxides becoming predominant under applied currents. These tribofilms prevented the scuffing failure of steel surfaces under electrified conditions. Based on the results, a kinetic model is proposed that integrates electric current effect into the classical stress-assisted thermal activation framework to allow prediction of tribofilm growth at electrified sliding contacts. This framework provides crucial guidance for designing next-generation lubricants for electrified transportation and power generation systems.

additives↗
DOE OSTI2026

Comparative neutron-irradiation effects on thermal conductivity degradation and dimensional stability of TiC, TiB 2 , and ZrB 2 at 200–1000 °C

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs), including TiC, Ti 11 B₂, and Zr 11 B₂, show great potential for plasma-facing components due to their excellent high-temperature properties prior to irradiation. However, their response to neutron irradiation remains insufficiently understood, limiting robust assessment of their viability for fusion energy applications. Here, this study examines the thermal conductivity, dimensional stability and microstructure of TiC, TiB₂, and ZrB₂ following neutron irradiation at temperatures of 200–1000 °C and fast neutron fluences of 2.0 × 10 25 to 1.1 × 10 26 n/m 2 (E > 0.1 MeV). Lattice swelling measured by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in all three UHTCs was maximized at 200 °C and decreased with increasing irradiation temperature, with no evidence of amorphization observed at 200 °C. Above 600 °C, significant macroscopic volume swelling was observed in irradiated Ti 11 B₂ and Zr 11 B₂, but not in TiC, likely due to cavity formation in the diborides. The post-irradiation thermal conductivity, measured at the irradiation temperature, ranged from 28 to 45 W/m·K, representing a 34–45% reduction relative to the unirradiated material. Notably, neutron-irradiated UHTCs exhibit recoverable thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures, comparable to ferritic–martensitic steels and potentially superior to W when transmutation effects are considered, highlighting promise for shielding or armor plasma-facing components. At 600 °C, both thermal conductivity degradation and lattice swelling saturated at doses exceeding 2–4 dpa.

fusion materials↗