SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Alternating Current”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2019

Method and apparatus for ion mobility separations utilizing alternating current waveforms

Methods and apparatuses for ion manipulations, including ion trapping, transfer, and mobility separations, using traveling waves (TW) formed by continuous alternating current (AC) are disclosed. An apparatus for ion manipulation includes a surface to which are coupled a first plurality of continuous electrodes and a second plurality of segmented electrodes. The second plurality of segmented electrodes is arranged in longitudinal sets between or adjacent to the first plurality of electrodes. An RF voltage applied to adjacent electrodes of the first plurality of electrodes is phase shifted by approximately 180° to confine ions within the apparatus. An AC voltage waveform applied to adjacent electrodes within a longitudinal set of the second plurality of segmented electrodes is phase shifted on the adjacent electrodes by 1°-359° to move ions longitudinally through the apparatus for separation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2021

Method and apparatus for ion mobility separations utilizing alternating current waveforms

Garimella, Venkata B. S.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Method and apparatus for ion mobility separations utilizing alternating current waveforms

Garimella, Venkata B. S.↗

NASA NTRS2019

New Test Rig to Measure Alternating Current Losses of Both Low and High Critical Temperature Superconductors

This paper presents the design, development, operation, and test capabilities of a proposed superconducting coil testbed to measure alternating current (AC) losses at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Superconducting AC losses are important in the design of electric stators and rotors, power transmission lines, transformers, fault current limiters, magnets, and superconducting energy storage (not batteries). The new liquid-hydrogen-based rig will allow superconducting testing across a wide range of test parameters, including injected current up to 400 A, frequency (0 to 400 Hz), magnetic field (0 to 0.6 T), phase angle between induced voltage and injected current (–180° to 180°), coil coolant temperature (18 to 28 K), and AC power loss (5 to 30 W). While the target application of interest is 20 K superconducting MgB2 (the only superconductor that can presently be made with low losses) stator coils for future electric machines, the rig can accommodate test articles (TAs) with straight wire, tape, cables, coils of any shape, any allowable combination of superconducting wire and fluid (e.g., yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) coils and liquid nitrogen), and AC or direct current (DC) testing. The new spin rig builds upon the existing Air Force spin rig through a more flexible mode of fluid control, a wider gap space (up to 10.2 cm) for TAs, and the ability to accommodate TAs over a wider range of operating temperatures (18 to 95 K) using liquid hydrogen, gaseous helium, or liquid nitrogen as the working fluid, thus supporting direct cooled machines below 77 K.

liquid hydrogen↗

NASA NTRS1980

Solar cell system having alternating current output

A monolithic multijunction solar cell was modified by fabricating an integrated circuit inverter on the back of the cell to produce a device capable of generating an alternating current output. In another embodiment, integrated curcuit power conditioning electronics was incorporated in a module containing a solar cell power supply.

Evans, J. C., Jr.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Gas tube-switched flexible alternating current transmission system

A var compensator circuit is provided. The var compensator circuit includes a gas tube switch and a reactive impedance. The gas tube switch is configured to be coupled to a transmission line. The transmission line is configured to deliver real power and reactive power to a load at an alternating current (AC) line voltage. The reactive impedance is configured to be coupled to the transmission line at the AC line voltage through the gas tube switch. The reactive impedance is configured to modify the reactive power configured to be delivered to the load.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2019

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry

Soil contamination by heavy metals constitutes an important environmental problem, whereas field applicability of existing remediation technologies has encountered numerous obstacles, such as long operation time, high chemical cost, large energy consumption, secondary pollution, and soil degradation. Here we report the design and demonstration of a remediation method based on a concept of asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry that achieves high degrees of contaminant removal for different heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium) at different initial concentrations (from 100 to 10,000 ppm), all reaching corresponding regulation levels for residential scenario after rational treatment time (from 30 min to 6 h). No excessive nutrient loss in treated soil is observed and no secondary toxic product is produced. Long-term experiment and plant assay show the high sustainability of the method and its feasibility for agricultural use.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS1937

Alternating-Current Equipment for the Measurement of Fluctuations of Air Speed in Turbulent Flow

Recent electrical and mechanical improvements have been made in the equipment developed at the National Bureau of Standards for measurement of fluctuations of air speed in turbulent flow. Data useful in the design of similar equipment are presented. The design of rectified alternating-current power supplies for such apparatus is treated briefly, and the effect of the power supplies on the performance of the equipment is discussed.

Mock, W C , Jr↗

DOE OSTI2022

Cyber Resilient Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (XFACTS)

This report summarizes the activities conducted under the DOE-OE funded project DEOE0000897, Cyber Attack Resilient Flexible AC Systems – XFACTS. Hitachi Energy (HE), in collaboration with ABB Inc. (ABB), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Iowa State University (ISU), and University of Idaho (UI) pursued the development of a system of defense for Flexible Alternating current Transmission Systems against cyber-attacks (XFACTS). A FACTS substation enhanced with XFACTS defense mechanisms will be capable of mitigating cyberattacks especially those that seek to control electrical parameters like voltage or current and interrupt the power flow in AC lines. It empowers existing FACTS controllers and associated intelligent electronic devices to detect and mitigate malicious intents to depress system voltages, destabilize power flows, trip AC circuit breakers, corrupt currents, and voltages, even if the malicious commands and the measurements have correct syntax. The XFACTS functions utilize the physics of active power electronic systems, control and protection, electric power engineering principles, and state estimation to bring more in-depth cyber defense closer to the protected FACTS substation devices.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2023

Electrochemical hydrogen isotope exchange of amines controlled by alternating current frequency

Here, we report an electrochemical protocol for hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) at α-C(sp 3 )–H amine sites. Tetrahydroisoquinoline and pyrrolidine are selected as two model substrates because of their different proton transfer (PT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) kinetics at the α-C(sp 3 )–H amine sites, which are utilized to control the HIE reaction outcome at different applied alternating current (AC) frequencies. We found the highest deuterium incorporation for tetrahydroisoquinolines at 0 Hz (i.e., under direct current (DC) electrolysis conditions) and pyrrolidines at 0.5 Hz. Analysis of the product distribution and D isotope incorporation at different frequencies reveals that the HIE of tetrahydroisoquinolines is limited by its slow HAT, whereas the HIE of pyrrolidines is limited by the overoxidation of its α-amino radical intermediates. Here, the AC-frequency-dependent HIE of amines can be potentially used to achieve selective labeling of α-amine sites in one drug molecule, which will significantly impact the pharmaceutical industry.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Alternative current conduction mechanisms of organic-inorganic compound [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}CuCl{sub 4}

The [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}CuCl{sub 4} single crystal has been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical impedance spectroscopy. [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}CuCl{sub 4} crystallizes at room temperature in the monoclinic system with P2{sub 1}/{sub C} space group. Three phase transitions at T{sub 1} = 226 K, T{sub 2} = 264 K, and T{sub 3} = 297 K have been evidenced by DSC measurements. The electrical technique was measured in the 10{sup −1}–10{sup 7} Hz frequency range and 203–313 K temperature intervals. The frequency dependence of alternative current (AC) conductivity is interpreted in terms of Jonscher's law (developed). The AC electrical conduction in [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}CuCl{sub 4} compound is studied by two processes which can be attributed to a hopping transport mechanism: the correlated barrier hopping model in phases I, II, and III, the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model in phase IV. The conduction mechanism is interpreted with the help of Elliot's theory, and the Elliot's parameters are found.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Alternative current conduction mechanisms of organic-inorganic compound [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4}

[N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction patterns, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and impedance spectroscopy. The [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} hybrid compound is crystallized at room temperature (T ≈ 300 K) in the orthorhombic system with Pnma space group. Five phase transitions (T{sub 1} = 255 K, T{sub 2} = 282 K, T{sub 3} = 302 K, T{sub 4} = 320 K, and T{sub 5} = 346 K) have been proved by DSC measurements. The electrical technique was measured in the 10{sup −1}-10{sup 7} Hz frequency range and 233–363 K temperature interval. The frequency dependence of alternative current (AC) conductivity is interpreted in terms of Jonscher's law. The AC electrical conduction in [N(CH{sub 3}){sub 3}H]{sub 2}ZnCl{sub 4} is analyzed by different processes, which can be attributed to several models: the correlated barrier hopping model in phase I, the overlapping large polaron tunneling model in phase II, the quantum mechanical tunneling model in phase IV, and the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling model in phases III, V, and VI. The conduction mechanism is studied with the help of Elliot's theory, and the Elliot's parameters are determined.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2023

GPU-resident sparse direct linear solvers for alternating current optimal power flow analysis

Integrating renewable resources within the transmission grid at a wide scale poses significant challenges for economic dispatch as it requires analysis with more optimization parameters, constraints, and sources of uncertainty. This motivates the investigation of more efficient computational methods, especially those for solving the underlying linear systems, which typically take more than half of the overall computation time. In this paper, we present our work on sparse linear solvers that take advantage of hardware accelerators, such as graphical processing units (GPUs), and improve the overall performance when used within economic dispatch computations. We treat the problems as sparse, which allows for faster execution but also makes the implementation of numerical methods more challenging. We present the first GPU-native sparse direct solver that can execute on both AMD and NVIDIA GPUs. We demonstrate significant performance improvements when using high-performance linear solvers within alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of getting significant performance improvements by executing the entire computation on GPU-based hardware. Finally, we identify outstanding research issues and opportunities for even better utilization of heterogeneous systems, including those equipped with GPUs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2014

Alternating current loss reduction for rectangular busbars by covering their edges with low permeable magnetic caps

A method to reduce ac conductive losses in a thin rectangular busbar made of copper is presented. The method is based on a technique, which makes the distribution of the ac current in the cross section of a busbar flatter. Edges of a thin busbar are covered with low permeability magnetic thin layers as caps. The magnetic cap makes the impedance experienced by the current flowing near the edge comparatively larger so that currents cannot get crowded near the edges of a busbar. This method is numerically verified.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2018

Alternating current conduction mechanisms of RbMgPO4 compound

Highlights: • Two displacive reversible phase transitions located at T{sub 1} = 442/432 K and T{sub 2} = 460/445 K (heating/cooling). • The temperature dependence of conductivity was described in terms of Arrhenius relation. • The ac conductivity of this compound is proportional to ω{sup s} where the s values are between 0 and 2. • The (CBH) model was found to be the appropriate transport mechanism in RbMgPO{sub 4} compound. - Abstract: Rubidium magnesium monophosphate (RbMgPO{sub 4}) compound was prepared from highly pure constituents by solid state reaction. It was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR, Raman, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and impedance spectroscopy. The infrared and Raman spectra were interpreted on the basis of PO{sub 4}{sup 3−} vibrations. DSC revealed two displacive and reversible phase transitions at T{sub 1} = 442/432 K and T{sub 2} = 460/445 K (heating/cooling). The electrical conductivity was measured in the frequency and temperature range 200 Hz-5 MHz and 423 K–523 K, respectively. The obtained results were analysed by fitting the experimental data to an equivalent circuit model. The temperature dependence of alternating and direct current conductivities (σ{sub ac}, σ{sub dc}) confirms the observed transitions in the calorimetric study; they were described in terms of Arrhenius relation. The activation energy’s values were determined in each phase. The AC conductivity behavior is ensured by a single process defined as a hopping transport mechanism. The conductivity frequency dependence was interpreted using the correlated barrier-hopping model (CBH) in all phases.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2014

Anomalous satellite inductive peaks in alternating current response of defective carbon nanotubes

AC response of defective metallic carbon nanotubes is investigated from first principles. We found that capacitive peaks appear at electron scattering states. Moreover, we show that satellite inductive peaks are seen adjacent to a main capacitive peak, which is in contrast to the conductance spectra having no satellite features. The appearance of satellite inductive peaks seems to depend on the scattering states. Our analysis with a simple resonant scattering model reveals that the origin of the satellite inductive peaks can be understood by just one parameter, i.e., the lifetime of electrons at a defect state.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2014

Alternating current response of carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities

The increasing need for nanodevices has necessitated a better understanding of the electronic transport behavior of nanomaterials. We therefore theoretically examine the AC transport properties of metallic carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities. We find that the long-range impurity scattering increases the emittance, but does not affect the DC conductance. The estimated dwell time of electrons increases with the potential amplitudes. That is, multiple scattering by the impurities increases the kinetic inductance in proportion to the dwell time, which eventually increases the emittance. We believe that our findings can contribute significantly to nanodevice development.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2013

Electron transfer at the contact between Al electrode and gold nanoparticles of polymer: Nanoparticle resistive switching devices studied by alternating current impedance spectroscopy

Electron transfer at the contact between an Al electrode and Au nanoparticles of polymer:nanoparticle devices is studied by ac impedance spectroscopy. The devices have a polystyrene layer embedded with Au nanoparticles capped with conjugated 2-naphthalenethiol sandwiched between Al and MoO{sub 3}/Al electrodes, and they exhibit electrode-sensitive resistive switches. The devices in the pristine or high resistance state have high capacitance. The capacitance decreases after the devices switch to a low resistance state by a voltage scan. The change in the capacitance is attributed to the voltage-induced change on the electronic structure of the contact between the Al electrode and Au nanoparticles.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗