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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Stopping cross sections for 0.25-3.0-MeV He-4 ions in cadmium sulfide

Stopping cross sections of He-4 ions with energies between 0.25 and 3.0 MeV have been measured for cadmium sulfide with a probable error of plus or minus 7% to 8%. The experimental method utilized the Rutherford backscattering technique and measured the energy loss of elastically scattered He-4 ions from films of cadmium sulfide sputtered on carbon substrates. The experimental data are compared with recent experimental and theoretical results.

Miller, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Sealed Silver-oxide Cadmium Batteries for Space Flight, 1960 - 1977

A technical summary of design, development, and test activities with Silver-Oxide Cadmium Batteries at the Goddard Space Flight Center since 1960 is given. The flight experience of over 15 missions has demonstrated the sealed Silver-Oxide Cadmium Battery to be a viable energy storage device for missions requiring ultra-clean magnetic environment.

Hennigan, Thomas J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Additional Reversal Characteristics of Sealed Nickel Cadmium Cells

The reversal characteristics of nickel cadmium cells are discussed. The evolution of hydrogen from the positive electrode is described when the nickel cadmium cell is completely discharged. Results indicate that one ampere hour of overdischarge in reversal can generate enough hydrogen to increase the cell pressure of an average size cell, 20- to 50-ampere hour cell, by 120 psi.

Ritterman, P. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Development of failure model for nickel cadmium cells

The development of a method for the life prediction of nickel cadmium cells is discussed. The approach described involves acquiring an understanding of the mechanisms of degradation and failure and at the same time developing nondestructive evaluation techniques for the nickel cadmium cells. The development of a statistical failure model which will describe the mechanisms of degradation and failure is outlined.

Gupta, A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A 50 AH nickel cadmium battery activation and charge retention parametric study for LANDSAT-D

An alternate nickel-cadmium cell activation scheme was developed which significantly reduces battery dissipation while maintaining the cell active material in the proper electrochemical state. The new procedure of charging at C/20 for 8 hours, C/10 for 6 hours and followed by C/5 to a voltage limit of 1.430 volt/cell significantly reduces the heat dissipation and charge period when compared to the standard activation practice of charging at C/20 for 48 hours. In addition, subsequent discharge voltage profiles using the new scheme are higher when compared to the standard practice. The effects of extended open-circuit periods on nickel-cadmium cell results in a capacity loss of approximately 0.7 percent and 1.4 percent per day at 23 and 35 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Tasevoli, M.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Torque vs. induced load of A-286, and MP35N nuts and bolts with cadmium, dry film, and cetyl alcohol lubricants

Data for specific joint design, utilizing various combinations of bolt, nut and lubricants in typical structure of the shuttle booster rocket is obtained. Requirements of the structure performance criteria were to withstand temperatures of 260 C (500 F) and to provide a nut lubricant which would be compatible with sealants used in the joint. Cadmium plating and dry film lubricant meeting the requirements of MIL-L-8937 were the lubricants specified. In a follow up effort, cadmium plating and cetyl alcohol were further specified The materials for the bolt and nut combinations were MP35N and A-286. These materials demand a lubricant to be used to prevent galling of the thread when tightened and also to help reduce the scatter of clamping load in application.

Crispell, C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Electrochemically Deposited Cadmium Electrode for Sealed Ni-cd Cells

An investigation into the work on electrochemical cadmium deposition processes is describred. A beaker impregnation system is constructed to investigate the practical limits of loading and the effect of various process parameters. Reasonably high loadings of cadmium are obtained and the process appears amenable to tight control and the production of uniform consistent electrodes. A pilot impregnation facility is built to further investigate electrodeposition processes. Both the inert anode and consummable anode processes are investigated. Results of this evaluation and an analysis of associated problems are presented.

Houston, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Second Plateau Voltage in Nickel-cadmium Cells

Sealed nickel cadmium cells having large number of cycles on them are discharged using Hg/HgO reference electrode. The negative electrode exhibits the second plateau. A SEM of negative plates of such cells show a number of large crystals of cadmium hydroxide. The large crystals on the negative plates disappear after continuous overcharging in flooded cells.

Vasanth, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Comparative Performance Assessment of INTELSAT 5 Nickel Hydrogen and Nickel Cadmium Batteries

The first Nickel Hydrogen battery deployment onboard a commercial geosynchronous communications satellite was realized with the launch of the INTELSAT 5, Flight 6 spacecraft on 19 May 1983. The initial five spacecrafts in this series are equipped with Nickel Cadmium batteries. Based on the data available on both types of batteries, design and operational performance comparisons of INTELSAT 5 Nickel Cadmium batteries are presented. General characteristics of the INTELSAT 5 spacecraft as related to electrical-power-subsystem functions and battery operations are summarized.

Cooper, D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

High discharge rate characteristics of nickel-cadmium batteries for pulse load filtering

Several tests of specially fabricated nickel-cadmium batteries having circular disk type electrodes were considered. These batteries were evaluated as filter elements between a constant current power supply and a five hertz pulsed load demanding approximately twice the power supply current during the load on portion of the cycle. Short tests lasting 10,000 cycles were conducted at up to a 21 C rate and an equivalent energy density of over 40 Joules per pound. In addition, two batteries were subjected to 10 to the 7 charge/discharge cycles, one at a 6.5 C rate and the other at a 13 C rate. Assuming an electrode to battery weight ratio of 0.5, these tests represent an energy density of about 7 and 14 Joules per pound respectively. Energy density, efficiency, capacitance, average voltage, and available capacity were tracked during these tests. After 10 to the 7 cycles, capacity degradation was negligible for one battery and about 20% for the other. Cadmium electrode failure may be the factor limiting lifetime at extremely low depth of discharge cycling. The output was examined and a simple equivalent circuit was proposed.

Gearing, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Sputtered cadmium oxide as a surface pretreatment for graphite solid lubricant films

Sputtered films of cadmium oxide were applied to sand blasted AISI 440C HT stainless steel disks as a surface pretreatment for the application of rubbed graphite films. Mixtures of cadmium oxide and graphite were applied to the nonpretreated sandblasted metal and evaluated. The results were compared to graphite films applied to other commercially available surface pretreatments. It is found that sputtered CdO pretreated surfaces increase the endurance lives of the graphite films and decrease the counterface steady state wear rate of the pins almost an order of magnitude compared to commercially available pretreatments. The CdO additions in general improved the tribological properties of graphite. The greatest benefit occurred when it was applied to the substrate rather than mixing it with the graphite and that sputtered films of CdO perform much better than rubbed CdO films.

Fusaro, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Performance of 12Ah aerospace nickel-cadmium cells of design variable groups

The design variable program of NASA is a systematic approach to evaluate the performance of 12Ah aerospace nickel-cadmium cells of 9 important cell designs. These cells were life cycled in a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) regime for 3 to 4 years. Representative cells taken from the design variable groups after different cycling periods have been examined. The results show that: (1) positive swelling and carbonate content in the electrolyte increases as a function of the number of cycles, (2) electrolyte distribution follows the order NEG greater than POS greater than SEP, 3) control and no PQ groups outperformed the rest of the groups and (4) the polypropylene group shows very heavy cadmium migration and poor performance.

Vasanth, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Nickel cadmium battery expert system

The applicability of artificial intelligence methodologies for the automation of energy storage management, in this case, nickel cadmium batteries, is demonstrated. With the Hubble Space Telescope Electrical Power System (HST/EPS) testbed as the application domain, an expert system was developed which incorporates the physical characterization of the EPS, in particular, the nickel cadmium batteries, as well as the human's operational knowledge. The expert system returns not only fault diagnostics but also status and advice along with justifications and explanations in the form of decision support.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1986

Requirements specification for nickel cadmium battery expert system

The requirements for performance, design, test, and qualification of a computer program identified as NICBES, Nickel Cadmium Battery Expert System, is established. The specific spacecraft power system configuration selected was the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Electrical Power System (EPS) Testbed. Power for the HST comes from a system of 13 Solar Panel Arrays (SPAs) linked to 6 Nickel Cadmium Batteries which are connected to 3 Busses. An expert system, NICBES, will be developed at Martin Marietta Aerospace to recognize a testbed anomaly, identify the malfunctioning component and recommend a course of action. Besides fault diagnosis, NICBES will be able to evaluate battery status, give advice on battery status and provide decision support for the operator. These requirements are detailed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1987

Advanced nickel-cadmium batteries for geosynchronous spacecraft

A nickel cadmium battery was developed that can be operated at 80 percent depth of discharge in excess of 10 years in a geosynchronous orbit application, and has about a 30 percent weight savings per spacecraft over present nickel cadmium batteries when used with a 1000 watts eclipse load. The approach used in the development was to replace nylon separators with inert polymer impregnated zirconia, use electrochemically deposited plates in place of conventional chemically precipitated ones, and use an additive to extend negative plate lifetime. The design has undergone extensive testing using both engineering and protoflight cell configurations.

Pickett, David F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Sputtered cadmium oxide as a surface pretreatment for graphite solid-lubricant films

Sputtered films of cadmium oxide were applied to sand blasted AISI 440C HT stainless steel disks as a surface pretreatment for the application of rubbed graphite films. Mixtures of cadmium oxide and graphite were applied to the nonpretreated sandblasted metal and evaluated. The results were compared to graphite films applied to other commercially available surface pretreatments. It is found that sputtered CdO pretreated surfaces increase the endurance lives of the graphite films and decrease the counterface steady state wear rate of the pins almost an order of magnitude compared to commercially available pretreatments. The CdO additions in general improved the tribological properties of graphite. The greatest benefit occurred when it was applied to the substrate rather than mixing it with the graphite and that sputtered films of CdO perform much better than rubbed CdO films.

Fusaro, Robert L.↗