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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3

Travel Time to Radiation Oncology Facilities in the United States and the Influence of Certificate of Need Policies

Radiation therapy often requires weeks of daily treatment making travel distance a known barrier to care. However, the full extent and variability of travel burden, defined by travel time, across the nation is poorly understood. Additionally, some states restrict radiation oncology (RO) services through Certificate of Need (CON) policies, but it is unknown how this affects travel times to care. Therefore, we aim to evaluate travel times to US RO facilities and assess the association with CON policies.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

Combustion characteristics and detailed simulations of surrogates for a Tier II gasoline certification fuel

An experimental and numerical study of combustion of a gasoline certification fuel (‘indolene’), and four (S4) and five (S5) component surrogates for it, is reported for the configurations of an isolated droplet burning with near spherical symmetry in the standard atmosphere, and a single cylinder engine designed for advanced compression ignition of pre-vaporized fuel. The intent was to compare performance of the surrogate for these different combustion configurations and to assess the broader applicability of the kinetic mechanism and property database for the simulations. A kinetic mechanism comprised of 297 species and 16,797 reactions was used in the simulations that included soot formation and evolution, and accounted for unsteady transport, liquid diffusion inside the droplet, radiative heat transfer, and variable properties. The droplet data showed a clear preference for the S5 surrogate in terms of burning rate. The simulations showed generally very good agreement with measured droplet, flame, and soot shell diameters. Measurements of combustion timing, in-cylinder pressure, and mass-averaged gas temperature were also well predicted with a slight preference for the S5 surrogate. Preferential vaporization was not evidenced from the evolution of droplet diameter but was clearly revealed in simulations of the evolution of mixture fractions inside the droplets. Here, the influence of initial droplet diameter (D o ) on droplet burning was strong, with S5 burning rates decreasing with increasing D o due to increasing radiation losses from the flame. Flame extinction was predicted for D o =3.0 mm as a radiative loss mechanism but not predicted for smaller D o for the conditions of the simulations.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Boson sampling with Gaussian input states: Toward efficient scaling and certification

A universal quantum computer of large scale is not available yet, however, intermediate models of quantum computation would still permit demonstrations of a quantum computational advantage over classical computing and could challenge the Extended Church-Turing Thesis. One of these models based on single photons interacting via linear optics is called Boson Sampling. Although Boson Sampling was demonstrated and the threshold to claim quantum computational advantage was achieved, the question of how to scale up Boson Sampling experiments remains. To make progress with this problem, here we present a practically achievable pathway to scale Boson Sampling experiments by combining continuous-variable quantum information and temporal encoding. Here, we propose the combination of switchable dual-homodyne and single-photon detections, the temporal loop technique, and scattershot-based Boson Sampling. We detail the required assumptions for concluding computational hardness for this configuration. Furthermore, this particular combination of techniques moves towards an efficient scaling and certification of Boson Sampling, all in a single experimental setup.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Certification of Uranium Isotope Amount Ratios in a Suite of Uranium Ore Concentrate Certified Reference Materials

Here, in this study, data from thirteen laboratories from around the world are presented for a successful certification of uranium isotope ratios in uranium ore concentrate (UOC) certified reference materials from the National Research Council Canada. Different mass spectrometric measurement principles (including SF-ICP-MS, quadruple ICP-MS, TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, SIMS and AMS) and measurement procedures were employed. In general, data from all sources exhibit good consistency with TIMS and MC-ICP-MS showing superior performance. The three candidate UOC CRMs (UCLO-1, UCHI-1 and UPER-1) have natural uranium isotope ratios with certified values of 0.5304(7) x 10 -4 , 0.5475(2) x 10 -4 and 0.5361(4) x 10 -4 for n( 234 U)/n( 238 U) and 0.007 2563(13), 0.007 2563(10) and 0.007 2542(11) for n( 235 U)/n( 238 U), respectively, with expanded uncertainty (k = 2) applicable to the last digit of the value given in the parentheses. Information values for n( 236 U)/n( 238 U) in these three CRMs, measured by AMS, are also provided: 10 x 10 -12 , 200 x 10 -12 and 22 x 10 -12 . The uncertainties of the proposed certified values of uranium isotope ratios in UOC CRMs are superior to available reference materials, and the values of n( 234 U)/n( 238 U) and n( 236 U)/n( 238 U) show significant variation among the three CRMs.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

2022 Annual Emissions Report and Annual Certification of Compliance Required by the Synthetic Minor Operating Permit, Permit Condition Number 19876, Plant 255, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

In accordance with the conditions of the Synthetic Minor Operating Permit (SMOP) issued to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) on August 29, 2002, and revised on February 4, 2009 and February 17, 2015, please find enclosed the 2022 Annual Emissions Report and the Annual Certification of Compliance for LLNL for the period of July 1, 2021 through June 30, 2022. The 2022 Annual Emissions Report identifies the consecutive 12-month rolling totals by month for individual Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), combined HAPs, combined Precursor Organic Compounds (POCs), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emitted from the LLNL site during the months of July 2021 through June 2022.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE Packaging Certification Program Engineering Class Demonstration Tests

On Thursday August 11, 2022, a series of explosive demonstration tests were conducted at the Sandia National Laboratories 9920 Test Complex for the 2022 DOE Packaging Certification Program Explosives Engineering class. Class participants included both SNL engineering student interns as well as SNL and LANL staff members. The test series was designed by the class instructor, W. Gary Rivera Org. 6626, and 9920 site test engineer, Marissa Martinez Org. 6648, with help from Michelle Chatter Org 6514 and Luke Gilbert Org 6815.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) Overview

This document is prepared to help Better Buildings, Better Plants, and Better Climate Challenge partners understand renewable energy certificates (RECs).

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Engineering Assessment And Certification of Integrity Of the DWTF Waste Treatment Tanks At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

This Engineering Assessment and Certification of Integrity of the Building 695 (B-695) Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility (DWTF) Waste Treatment Tanks has been prepared using the guidelines of CCR §66270.16(a) “Specific Part B Information Requirements for Tank Systems”, and the CCR §66264.192(b) requirements for the written assessment of tank systems that store hazardous waste and have secondary containment. The regulations require that this assessment be completed and certified by an independent, qualified, California-registered Professional Engineer. This document will be kept on file by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Environmental Functional Area and is applicable for a maximum of five (5) years from the date of issue.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Cybersecurity Certification Requirements for Distributed Energy Resources: A Survey of SunSpec Alliance Standards

This survey paper explores the cybersecurity certification requirements defined by the SunSpec Alliance for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) devices, focusing on aspects such as software updates, device communications, authentication mechanisms, device security, logging, and test procedures. The SunSpec cybersecurity standards mandate support for remote and automated software updates, secure communication protocols, stringent authentication practices, and robust logging mechanisms to ensure operational integrity. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implementation of the SAE J3072 standard using the IEEE 2030.5 protocol, emphasizing the secure interactions between electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) for functionalities like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities. This research also examines the SunSpec Modbus standard, which enhances the interoperability among DER system components, facilitating compliance with grid interconnection standards. This paper also analyzes the existing SunSpec Device Information Models, which standardize data exchange formats for DER systems across communication interfaces. Finally, this paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the energy storage cybersecurity specification and the blockchain cybersecurity requirements as proposed by SunSpec Alliance.

Tsikteris, Sean (ORCID:0009000524202250)↗

Experiments and Simulations of Droplet Burning of Isobutanol Mixed with a Tier II Gasoline Certification Fuel and its Surrogate, Paper Number: SHTC2023-115267

This study presents an experimental and numerical results of combustion dynamics of a Tier II certification fuel/iso-butanol mixtures and its surrogate(S5)/iso-butanol mixtures. The experiments were carried out where gas transport was determined entirely by fuel evaporation to promote spherical symmetry during the burning process. The droplet initial diameters were in the range 0.55 mm to 0.62 mm. The combustion characteristics such as droplet diameters, flame standoff ratios and soot shell standoff ratios of indolene/iso-butanol mixtures are compared with S5/iso-butanol mixtures and the implications of iso-butanol addition to indolene and S5 on combustion are discussed. The presence of iso-butanol is experimentally found to reduce the formation of soot as the iso-butanol concentration was increased and the iso-butanol addition insignificantly influence the burning rate. Simulations were carried out with the detailed kinetic chemistry (324 species and 17608 reactions) from POLIMI. The detailed numerical model included unsteady gas and liquid transport, soot chemistry and radiative transport. The impact of iso-butanol on the burning rate, flame structure and soot formation are presented. Droplet burn rates were well predicted while flame diameters showed more variability depending on how the flame was defined in the numerical simulation (peak gas temperature and OH concentration). Simulations also show the influence of iso-butanol concentration on flame temperature, greenhouse gas emissions and soot formations.

Guo, Songtao↗

Combustion Characteristics of a Tier II Gasoline Certification Fuel and its Surrogate with Iso-butanol: experiments and detailed numerical modeling

This presentation will describe results of an experimental and numerical study of combustion of a Tier II gasoline certification fuel and its surrogate blended with iso-butanol as a potential biofuel additive. The experiments were carried out under conditions where gas transport originated entirely by fuel evaporation with external convection (both forced and natural) were minimized. The resulting near spherically symmetric droplet flames were amenable to detailed numerical modeling. The droplet initial diameters were in the narrow range of 0.55 mm to 0.62 mm while and burning is performed under standard atmosphere. The combustion characteristics such as evolution of droplet, flame and soot shell diameters for indolene/iso-butanol and surrogate/iso-butanol mixtures are compared. The presence of iso-butanol is experimentally found to reduce the formation of soot as the iso-butanol concentration was increased. Simulations are also reported using a detailed kinetic chemistry comprised of 324 species and 17608 reactions using the CRECK POLIMI mechanism. The detailed numerical model included unsteady gas and liquid transport, soot chemistry and radiative transport. Droplet burn rates were well predicted while flame diameters showed more variability depending on how the flame was defined in the numerical simulation (peak gas temperature and OH concentration). Simulations also show the influence of iso-butanol concentration on flame temperature, greenhouse gas emissions and particulate emissions.

Guo, Songtao↗

Combustion characteristics and detailed simulations of surrogates for a Tier II gasoline certification fuel

An experimental and numerical study of combustion of a gasoline certification fuel (‘indolene’), and four (S4) and five (S5) component surrogates for it, is reported for the configurations of an isolated droplet burning with near spherical symmetry in the standard atmosphere, and a single cylinder engine designed for advanced compression ignition of pre-vaporized fuel. The intent was to compare performance of the surrogate for these different combustion configurations and to assess the broader applicability of the kinetic mechanism and property database for the simulations. A kinetic mechanism comprised of 297 species and 16797 reactions was used in the simulations that included soot chemistry and accounted for unsteady transport, liquid diffusion inside the droplet, radiative heat transfer, and variable properties. The droplet data showed a clear preference for the S5 surrogate in terms of burning rate. The simulations showed generally very good agreement with measured droplet, flame, and soot shell diameters. Measurements of combustion timing, in-cylinder pressure, and mass-averaged gas temperature were also well predicted with a slight preference for the S5 surrogate. Preferential vaporization was not evidenced from the evolution of droplet diameter but was clearly revealed in simulations of the evolution of mixture fractions inside the droplets. The influence of initial droplet diameter (Do) on droplet burning was strong, with S5 burning rates decreasing with increasing Do due to increasing radiation losses from the flame. Flame extinction was predicted for Do =3.0 mm as a radiative loss mechanism but not predicted for smaller Do for the conditions of the simulations.

Guo, Songtao↗

U.S. Department of Energy Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) 2024 Small Turbine Certification and/or Listing Awardee: Sonsight Wind

This fact sheet describes the 2024 Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) award received by Sonsight Wind for Small Turbine Certification and/or Listing. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) CIP awards cost-shared subcontracts and technical support to manufacturers of small and medium-sized wind turbines. Managed by NREL on behalf of DOE's Wind Energy Technologies Office, CIP helps advance wind energy as a cost-effective, distributed generation technology option.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

U.S. Department of Energy Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) 2024 Small Turbine Certification and/or Listing Awardee: NPS Solutions LLC

This fact sheet describes the 2024 Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) award received by NPS Solutions LLC for Small Turbine Certification and/or Listing. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) CIP awards cost-shared subcontracts and technical support to manufacturers of small and medium-sized wind turbines. Managed by NREL on behalf of DOE's Wind Energy Technologies Office, CIP helps advance wind energy as a cost-effective, distributed generation technology option.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

U.S. Department of Energy Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) 2024 Small Turbine Certification and Listing Awardee: Uprise Energy

This fact sheet describes the 2024 Competitiveness Improvement Project (CIP) award received by Uprise Energy for small turbine certification and listing. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) CIP awards cost-shared subcontracts and technical support to manufacturers of small and medium-sized wind turbines. Managed by NREL on behalf of DOE's Wind Energy Technologies Office, CIP helps advance wind energy as a cost-effective, distributed generation technology option.

17 WIND ENERGY↗