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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

Operational Concepts for a Generic Space Exploration Communication Network Architecture

This document is one of three. It describes the Operational Concept (OpsCon) for a generic space exploration communication architecture. The purpose of this particular document is to identify communication flows and data types. Two other documents accompany this document, a security policy profile and a communication architecture document. The operational concepts should be read first followed by the security policy profile and then the architecture document. The overall goal is to design a generic space exploration communication network architecture that is affordable, deployable, maintainable, securable, evolvable, reliable, and adaptable. The architecture should also require limited reconfiguration throughout system development and deployment. System deployment includes: subsystem development in a factory setting, system integration in a laboratory setting, launch preparation, launch, and deployment and operation in space.

networking↗
NASA NTRS1979

Flight design system-1 system design. Volume 5: Data management and data base documentation support system

Application software intended to reduce the man-hours required per flight design cycle by producing major flight design documents with little or no manual typing is described. The documentation support software is divided into two separately executable processors. However, since both processors support the same overall functions, and most of the software contained in one is also contained in the other, both are collectively presented.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design Requirements and Software Specification for the Autonomous Energy Management Software System for Small Commercial Buildings

Commercial buildings are responsible for approximately 20 percent of the total United States energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Over 85 percent of these buildings lack building automation systems. Many of these buildings are small (<50,000 square feet), underserved, and use rooftop units for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning needs. Because these buildings lack proper energy management systems, they have several operational deficiencies that lead to excess energy consumption. Studies have shown that managing the rooftop units heating and cooling set points, schedules, setbacks, and optimal start can result in 20 to 25 percent reduction in electricity consumption in small commercial buildings. In addition, improving demand flexibility of these buildings will result additional cost savings for the building owner. Therefore, the Department of Energy’s Building Technologies Office approved a project to address the needs for small commercial buildings. The project is led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with Intellimation LLC as the cooperative research and development agreement partner. The primary goal of the project is to develop and validate an autonomous energy management software (AEMS) system that will continuously optimize small commercial building operations by minimizing energy consumption and cost, while providing a solution for maximizing decarbonization benefits from electrification of buildings. The work will leverage the vast experience of PNNL research and development staff who have over two decades of experience in developing and successfully transferring software technologies to the private sector. This solution will be jointly developed with Intellimation, a company that plans to use it to scale their building energy efficiency (EE) and grid services offering. Widespread deployment of the AEMS system will improve the EE and demand flexibility of the building commercial building stock. It should also support cities and states in meeting their climate change mitigation goals. This document describes the various EE and grid service features of the AEMS system, infrastructure and data required to implement those features, and how the features should be automated. It also details how the various features will be tested and validated, including field validation. The document also details what flexibility the users have and how they will be able to leverage those capabilities exercise those. The intent is to create an AEMS system that would support scalable deployment, requires minimal configuration, and is easy to maintain over its expected lifespan. The initial alpha release of AEMS system is planned for March 2023, and the beta release is planned for the summer of 2023. The final release is planned for March 2024. Section 2 of the report documents the relevant building types that AEMS is suitable for. Section 3 documents EE features that will be supported. It will also include the data requirements, hardware requirements, implementation details, and how EE features will be tested and validated. Grid service features will be documented in section 4, including data requirements, hardware requirements, implementation details, and how the services will be tested and validated. Planned next steps are described in section 5.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Eastern Pacific ITCZ during the Boreal Spring

The 6-year (1998-2003) rainfall products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to quantify the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific (defined by longitudinal averages over 90 degrees W-130 degrees W) during boreal spring (March-April). The double ITCZ phenomenon, represented by the occurrence of two maxima with respect to latitude in monthly mean rainfall, is observed in most but not all of the years studied. The relative spatial locations of maxima in sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, and surface pressure are examined. Interannual and weekly variability are characterized in SST, rainfall, surface convergence, total column water vapor, and cloud water. There appears to be a competition for rainfall between the two hemispheres during this season. When one of the two rainfall maxima is particularly strong, the other tends to be weak, with the total rainfall integrated over the two varying less than does the difference between the rainfall integrated over each separately. There is some evidence for a similar competition between the SST maxima in the two hemispheres, but this is more ambiguous, and there is evidence that some variations in the relative strengths of the two rainfall maxima may be independent of SST. Using a 25-year (1979-2003) monthly rainfall dataset from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), four distinct ITCZ types during March-April are defined, based on the relative strengths of rainfall peaks north and south of, and right over the equator. Composite meridional profiles and spatial distributions of rainfall and SST are documented for each type. Consistent with previous studies, an equatorial cold tongue is essential to the existence of the double ITCZs. However, too strong a cold tongue may dampen either the southern or northern rainfall maximum, depending on the magnitude of SST north of the equator.

Gu, Guojun↗
NASA NTRS1990

Geologic evidence of hotspot activity of Venus - Predictions for Magellan

A number of distinctive types of geologic features have been identified on Venus that are interpreted to be related to thermal plumes including domal rises, coronae, and major composite shield volcanoes. The basic characteristics of these features as well as their distribution are documented. The three types of features have related morphologies and are interpreted to represent a continuum of features formed by mantle plumes at scales from 100s to over 1000 km. The Artemis structure, located in Aphrodite Terra, is proposed to be a large corona. If crustal spreading processes are operating on Venus, hotspot features should form chains on the surface as seen in terrestrial ocean basins. On the basis of current data on hotspot-related feature distribution on Venus, no clear evidence exists for hotspot chains. The complete distribution of hotspot features in Magellan data will be used to understand better the relationship between interior processes and surface features, as well as to provide a test for the crustal spreading hypothesis.

Stofan, Ellen R.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Preliminary Radioisotope Screening for Off-site Consequence Assessment of Advanced Non-LWR Systems

Currently a set of 71 radionuclides are accounted for in off-site consequence analysis for LWRs. Radionuclides of dose consequence are expected to change for non-LWRs, with radionuclides of interest being type-specific. This document identifies an expanded set of radionuclides that may need to be accounted for in multiple non-LWR systems: high temperature gas reactors (HTGRs); fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactors (FHRs); thermal-spectrum fluoride-based molten salt reactors (MSRs); fast-spectrum chloride-based MSRs; and, liquid metal fast reactors with metallic fuel (LMRs) Specific considerations are provided for each reactor type in Chapter 2 through Chapter 5, and a summary of all recommendations is provided in Chapter 6. All identified radionuclides are already incorporated within the MACCS software, yet the development of tritium-specific and carbon-specific chemistry models are recommended.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A census of fish passage facilities at US hydropower developments across the conterminous United States

Hydropower provides reliable and secure electricity and contributes significantly to the flexibility and stability of the US electricity grid. Hydropower dams generally are aquatic barriers and hazards to migratory fish in rivers. Fish passage facilities mitigate risks from hydropower to migratory fish, but information on these facilities is incomplete for the conterminous United States (CONUS). Here, we present the first CONUS-scale dataset of fish passage facilities at US hydropower developments in over 30 years. The existence of fish passage facilities (presence or absence) was specified for 1909 hydropower features, 390 of which had at least one facility. Most features had a single passage facility that provided passage in only one direction, with downstream being more common than upstream passage. Bypasses and ladders accounted for 60 % of the fish passage facility types. While we documented 659 fish passage facilities across CONUS, facilities were most common in the New England, Pacific Northwest, Mid-Atlantic, and Great Lakes regions. In general, fish passage facilities were more common at features that were closer to the ocean, at lower elevations, and at shorter dams, but not related to installed electrical generation capacity. Hydrologic sub-basins containing salmonids also contained the largest number of hydropower features, but the proportion of features with passage was generally higher in sub-basins containing multiple migratory taxa. This census provides valuable information on existing fish passage mitigation and is a benchmark to gauge progress toward a modernized hydropower fleet that provides affordable, reliable energy while protecting fishery resources and river ecosystems.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A global assessment of policy tools to support climate adaptation

Governments, businesses, and civil society organizations have diverse policy tools to incentivize adaptation. Policy tools can shape the type and extent of adaptation, and therefore, function either as barriers or enablers for reducing risk and vulnerability. Using data from a systematic review of academic literature on global adaptation responses to climate change (n = 1549 peer-reviewed articles), we categorize the types of policy tools used to shape climate adaptation. We apply qualitative and quantitative analyses to assess the contexts where particular tools are used, along with equity implications for groups targeted by the tools, and the tools’ relationships with transformational adaptation indicators such as the depth, scope, and speed of adaptation. We find diverse types of tools documented across sectors and geographic regions. We also identify a mismatch between the tools that consider equity and those that yield more transformational adaptations. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation (thus transformational adaptation), while economic instruments, information provisioning, and networks are not; the latter tools, however, are more likely to target marginalized groups in their design and implementation. We identify multiple research gaps, including a need to assess instrument mixes rather than single tools and to assess adaptations that result from policy implementation. Key policy insights Information-based approaches, networks, and economic instruments are the most frequently documented adaptation policy tools worldwide. Direct regulations, plans, and capacity building are associated with higher depth and scope of adaptation, and thus more transformational adaptation. Capacity building, economic instruments, networks, and information provisioning approaches are more likely to target specific marginalized groups and thus equity challenges. There are many regions and sectors where certain tools are not widely documented (e.g. regulations and plans in Africa and Asia), representing a key research gap.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hidden diversity: Transcriptomic and photosynthetic variation among common ‘wild type’ Chlamydomonas strains

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a widely studied reference organism, particularly in photosynthesis research. It employs photoprotective mechanisms, such as state transitions (ST) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), to cope with rapid light changes. Most widely used strains share a recent common ancestor yet differ by up to ~50 000 nuclear variants—genetic diversity that is often overlooked. Even among ‘wild type’ strains, we document significant phenotypic differences, such as pigment accumulation, and nutrient utilization. To elucidate the basis for this variation, we compared transcriptomes and physiological traits of seven commonly used laboratory strains, including the reference strain and the CLiP mutant library parental strain. Despite identical growth conditions, ~40% of genes were differentially expressed between strains. Most of these differences are attributable to changes that have accrued during laboratory propagation, and adverse conditions may have driven transcriptomic drift. At the physiological level, we catalog the range of strain-dependent responses related to photosynthesis and high light (HL) acclimation. Specifically, (i) all strains develop NPQ upon HL exposure, but to various degrees, (ii) they show a substantial variation in ST capacity, and (iii) they regulate the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus differently. We find that NPQ levels do not correlate with LHCSR3 expression, suggesting an additional layer of NPQ regulation. STs are constantly activated and independent of growth light intensities. Overall, our findings highlight significant strain-to-strain differences in virtually all photosynthetic parameters, emphasizing the importance of careful strain selection in future research endeavors.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

bibcheck

SAND2026-16981O Bibcheck is designed to extract bibliographies from research papers and perform metadata searches to identify errors. It assists authors in checking their bibliographies for metadata errors during the writing process and helps reviewers identify errors in bibliographies of papers under review. The software uses large language models (LLMs) to extract bibliography entries from PDF documents, classifies the type of bibliography entry, and verifies referenced works. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Pearson, Carl [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Live↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hardware Specification and Reference Design for the Low-Cost, Interoperable, User-Centric, Supervisory Controller Kit for Small and Medium Size Commercial Buildings

Commercial buildings are responsible for approximately 20 percent of the total United States energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Over 85 percent of these buildings lack building automation systems to manage the various building systems they have. Many of these buildings are small (< 50,000 square feet), underserved, and use rooftop units (RTUs) for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning needs. Because these buildings lack proper control systems, they have several operational deficiencies that lead to excess energy consumption. Studies have shown that managing the RTU’s heating and cooling setpoints, schedules, setbacks, and optimal start times can result in 20 to 25 percent reduction in electricity consumption in small and medium commercial buildings (SMBs). In addition, improving the demand flexibility of these buildings will result in additional cost savings for the building owner. To address the needs of the SMBs, the Department of Energy’s Building Technologies Office jointly funded Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to design, develop, test, and validate a low-cost, interoperable, user-centric, retrofit supervisory controller kit (SC-SMB) that can be used to continuously optimize energy consumption and deliver demand flexibility of SMBs, including all-electric buildings, and provide a means for maximizing decarbonization benefits. The team also includes industry partners Edo and Intellimation. Previously, the team drafted an SC-SMB system specification document (Goodman et al. 2023). This document describes a reference design of a low-cost supervisory control system for SMBs, including the various hardware components, software system, and an example implementation of the reference design. The final release of the reference design is planned for December 2025. Section 2.0 of the report documents the relevant building types that the SC-SMB system is suitable for. Section 3.0 documents the various hardware components, their function, cost, whether they are off-the-shelve, support standard communication, etc., and the software system. An example deployment in a 10,000-sf building with six rooftop units, a hot water heater, solar, and storage is described in Section 4.0. The planned next steps are described in Section 5.0, and references are listed in Section 6.0.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1982

The Phoretic Motion Experiment (PME) definition phase

The aerosol generator and the charge flow devices (CFD) chamber which were designed for zero-gravity operation was analyzed. Characteristics of the CFD chamber and aerosol generator which would be useful for cloud physics experimentation in a one-g as well as a zero-g environment are documented. The Collision type of aerosol generator is addressed. Relationships among the various input and output parameters are derived and subsequently used to determine the requirements on the controls of the input parameters to assure a given error budget of an output parameter. The CFD chamber operation in a zero-g environment is assessed utilizing a computer simulation program. Low nuclei critical supersaturation and high experiment accuracies are emphasized which lead to droplet growth times extending into hundreds of seconds. The analysis was extended to assess the performance constraints of the CFD chamber in a one-g environment operating in the horizontal mode.

Eaton, L. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Constant Fiber Number During Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Modified Arachidonate Metabolism During Hypertrophy

A previously documented shift from Type I to IIA predominance of the soleus muscle during rat suspension was further investigated to determine if this shift was by selective reduction of a single fiber type, simultaneous reduction and formation of fibers with different fiber types, or a transformation of fiber type by individual fibers. By partial acid digestion and dissection, average total soleus fiber number was found to be 3022 + or - 80 (SE) and 3008 + or - 64 before and after four-week suspension (n=12). Another area of current research was based on previous studies which indicate that prostaglandins are biosynthesized by skeletal muscle and evoke protein synthesis and degradation.

Templeton, G.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Feasibility study of a synthesis procedure for array feeds to improve radiation performance of large distorted reflector antennas

The manpower on this effort was reduced during this reporting period. Activity in the past six months is summarized. The Type 1 antenna is complete and documentation is in final phases. The Type 2 antenna design is complete and a journal article was prepared and was accepted for publication in EEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. The spherical antenna configurations are complete and a journal article will appear in the June 1993 issue of EEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. In addition, a patent for the spherical antenna is being pursued. The final current activity is that of optimization techniques and they are approaching completion as well. The Tri-Reflector synthesis code (TSAP) was put into user friendly format. A user's guide (Report 93-13) was written and distributed to LaRC. Work continues on EASY7. EASY7 is a user friendly code used to create an input file to GRASP7.

Stutzman, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Data management for support of the Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research (OTTER) project

Management of data collected during projects that involve large numbers of scientists is an often overlooked aspect of the experimental plan. Ecosystem science projects like the Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research (OTTER) Project that involve many investigators from many institutions and that run for multiple years, collect and archive large amounts of data. These data range in size from a few kilobytes of information for such measurements as canopy chemistry and meteorological variables, to hundreds of megabytes of information for such items as views from multi-band spectrometers flown on aircraft and scenes from imaging radiometers aboard satellites. Organizing and storing data from the OTTER Project, certifying those data, correcting errors in data sets, validating the data, and distributing those data to other OTTER investigators is a major undertaking. Using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), a Support mechanism was established for the OTTER Project which accomplished all of the above. At the onset of the interaction between PLDS and OTTER, it was not certain that PLDS could accomplish these tasks in a manner that would aid researchers in the OTTER Project. This paper documents the data types that were collected under the auspices of the OTTER Project and the procedures implemented to store, catalog, validate, and certify those data. The issues of the compliance of investigators with data-management requirements, data use and certification, and the ease of retrieving data are discussed. We advance the hypothesis that formal data management is necessary in ecological investigations involving multiple investigators using many data gathering instruments and experimental procedures. The issues and experience gained in this exercise give an indication of the needs for data management systems that must be addressed in the coming decades when other large data-gathering endeavors are undertaken by the ecological science community.

Skiles, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1997

X-33 Development History

The problem of dealing with various types of proprietary documents, whether from the Lockheed Martin, the Skunk Works, McDonnell Douglas, Rockwell, and other corporations extant or extinct, remains unresolved. The computerized archive finding aid has over 100 records at present. These records consist of X-33 photographs, press releases, media clippings, and the small number of X-33 project records collected to date.

Butrica, Andrew J.↗
NASA NTRS1935

Notes on New French Commercial Airplanes

This document discusses the types of commercial planes ordered by Air France. Characteristics of the Wibault 670, the Dewoitine D.620, Bloch 300, and the Potez 620 airplanes are included. Pictures and diagrams of these aircraft are also included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2016

Systems Engineering and Management Applications of ISO 9001:2015 for Government

The manufacturing segment of the business world is busy assessing the impact of ISO 9001:2015, and updating their management systems to meet the required compliance date. What does the new revision mean for government agencies that deliver large engineering projects rather than mass production? In fact, the standard, especially the new revision, can be used quite readily for government agencies, or applied to specific projects, once it is understood in terms of the similarities with systems engineering and project management. From there it can be extrapolated to "mission realization" systems, and a Quality Management System (QMS) is a logical result that can bring order to processes and systems that likely already exist in some fashion. ISO 9001:2015 is less product-oriented than previous versions. It can be more broadly applied to public organizations as well as private; and to services (missions) as well as products. The emphasis on risk management in the revised standard provides the needed balance for weighing decisions with respect to cost, schedule, technical, safety, and regulatory compliance; so if this is not part of agency governance already, this is a good place to start, especially for large engineering projects. The Systems Engineering standard used for this analysis is from NASA's NPR 7123.1 NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements; however, those who are more familiar with ISO/IEC 26702 Systems Engineering-application and management of the systems engineering process, or SAE/EIA 632 Processes for Engineering a System will also recognize the similarities. In reality, the QMS outlined by ISO 9001 reinforces the systems engineering processes, and serves to ensure that they are adequately implemented, although most of the ISO 9001 literature emphasizes the production and process aspects of the standard. Rather than beginning with ISO 9001and getting lost in the vocabulary, it is useful to begin with the systems engineering lifecycle. Identification of stakeholder expectations, identifying solutions, creating specific product or service designs, production of the product or service, delivery to the public, and the associated management, planning, and control processes, are a familiar place to begin thinking of the overall system of identifying, designing, and competing a project or mission. Lining up this lifecycle with the ISO requirements (see Figure 1) illustrates how a quality management system is concerned with the same processes, and provides a governance and assurance function. If implemented properly, there are cost savings resulting from less rework, repair, reprocessing, failures, misplaced documents, and similar types of deficiencies1. Starting with an organization's systems engineering processes allows the organization to use their own terminology for a QMS plan, and tailor the plan to their own project or organization, so that it is more easily developed, understood, and implemented.

Shepherd, Christena C.↗