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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Abundances in late-type giants.

The narrow-band photometry of Spinrad and Taylor (1969) is analyzed by the synthetic spectra technique. Surface gravities, Doppler broadening velocities, effective temperatures, and metal abundances are determined for 131 K giants. Evolutionary tracks and gravities determined from the photometry are used to give space positions, space velocities, and absolute magnitudes of the 131 stars. We conclude that a class of stars exists with metals and/or nitrogen significantly enhanced with respect to the sun; further that these stars have average space motions similar to those of moderately old Population I stars. The Doppler broadening velocity is found to be a strong function of temperature for K giants, and in some cases, possibly a function of surface gravity.

Gottlieb, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

LIF and emission studies of copper and nitrogen

A technique is developed to determine the rotational temperature of nitrogen molecular ion, N2(+), from the emission spectra of B-X transition, when P and R branches are not resolved. Its validity is tested on simulated spectra of the 0-1 band of N2(+) produced under low resolution. The method is applied to experimental spectra of N2(+) taken in the shock layer of a blunt body at distances of 1.91, 2.54, and 3.18 cm from the body. The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of copper atoms is analyzed to obtain the free stream velocities and temperatures. The only broadening mechanism considered is Doppler broadening. The temperatures are obtained by manual curve fitting, and the results are compared with least square fits. The agreement on the average is within 10 percent.

Akundi, Murty A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Temperature dependence of optically dumped far-infrared (FIR) laser output power

The temperature dependence of the small signal gain and saturation power are derived using temperature-dependent rates in a four-level model. An expression is developed for the output power of a far-infrared oscillator as a function of temperature for both fixed pressure and fixed density. The results are valid in the regime of homogeneous broadening of the rotational transition and Doppler broadening of the pump transition. It is shown that, for most lasers, both the small signal gain and the saturation power decrease with increasing temperature. These effects have the overall result of increasing output power with decreasing temperatures.

Lawandy, N. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Temperature dependence of optically pumped far-infrared /FIR/ laser output power

The temperature dependence of the small signal gain and saturation power are derived using temperature-dependent rates in a four-level model. An expression is developed for the output power of a far-infrared oscillator as a function of temperature for both fixed pressure and fixed density. The results are valid in the regime of homogeneous broadening of the rotational transition and Doppler broadening of the pump transition. It is shown that, for most lasers, both the small signal gain and the saturation power decrease with increasing temperature. These effects have the overall result of increasing output power with decreasing temperatures.

Lawandy, N. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

High-resolution continuous-wave coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy in a supersonic jet

High-resolution CW coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra of the nu1 Q branch of methane in an underexpanded supersonic jet were obtained at temperatures as low as 31.5 K and pressures as low as 2 torr. The experimental spectra were well fitted by the calculated theoretical spectra, including transit-time broadening. A temperature of 31.5 K produced the best fit to the data, and the transit-time broadening was comparable to the residual Doppler broadening of about 100 MHz. The supersonic jet provides a convenient method of obtaining molecular cooling at relatively high density, and the ease of construction and the wide range of temperatures and densities available make it a useful tool for high resolution molecular spectroscopy.

Gustafson, E. K.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Enabling URR Self Shielding Functionality in SAMMY [Slides]

This lecture is on enabling Unresolved Resonance Energy Range (URR) self-shielding functionality in SAMMY. This presentation covers Fiscal Year 2022 milestones, and motivations driving this endeavor. This presentation includes slides depicting the current self-shielding correction workflow. Additionally, this presentation includes a look into the doppler broadening issue and the verification of capture. This lecture concludes with envisioned future work.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1983

Linewidth studies on the the NI(4S-4P) resonance multiplet

Doppler broadening of the 8691, 8212, and 1200-A multiplet lines of N I is investigated experimentally, and its implications for the interpretation of the earth's 1200-A UV dayglow are considered. A regulated 100-eV, 1-mA electron beam is passed through N2 at 300 K and about 0.0005 torr flowing through a collision chamber within a UHV system, and the radiation emitted is observed with a temperature-stabilized short-focal length monochromator with a bandpass of 0.2 A in the IR and an effective UV resolution (in second-order operation with a 3600-groove/mm plane grating) of about 0.04 A. Both the IR and VUV lines are found to be broadened to about 25 times the thermal Doppler linewidth, with the IR transitions accounting for more than half of the total N(4P) cross section at 100 eV. The kinetic energy of the N(4P) atoms produced by dissociative excitation is such that their 1200-A resonance radiation (2p2 3s4P - 2p3 4SO) would be optically thin in the upper atmosphere, contrary to what has been observed. A need to revise some aspects of current UV-dayglow models is identified.

Erdman, P. W.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Status of FUDGE [Slides]

This presentation discusses the nuclear data management code FUDGE (For Updating Data and Generating Evaluations). While FUDGE is designed to support GNDS, the presentation also states that ENDF-6 and ENDL data files are also supported but must first be translated into GNDS; translators are included with FUDGE. It also states that FUDGE supports plotting, manipulating, checking for physical content, resonance reconstruction, Doppler broadening, etc. FUDGE also supports processing for Monte Carlo and deterministic transport. FUDGE is open source, and the latest public release was FUDGE-4.2.3 with support for GNDS-1.9. In summation, FUDGE capabilities include translating older formats into GNDS, translating GNDS back to ENDF-6, and visualizing, modifying, checking, and processing GNDS data. It also states that a new version of FUDGE is coming soon. The plan is to support GNDS-2.0 specification, but it may be released sooner if v2.0 is delayed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance improvements of the windowed multipole formalism using a rational fraction approximation of the Faddeeva function

The windowed multipole (WMP) formalism was introduced as a way to calculate Doppler broadened cross sections on the fly during Monte Carlo simulations. While more arithmetic is needed compared to point-wise cross section look-ups, performance remained competitive from the large memory reductions and sequential data access. The single most expensive function call in a depleted fuel assembly problem using WMP comes from the evaluation of the Faddeeva function, which previously relied on a highly accurate, highly-branching algorithm. This paper explores the use of rational fraction approximations tailored to the domain interest of reactor physics applications and the development of lower accuracy approximations sufficient for our application. The rational approximations were implemented and tested in OpenMC on an infinite medium problem to stress the cross section calculation routine and a PWR assembly problem. In both cases, the rational approximation nearly eliminated the ∼ 20% penalty previously observed when comparing to point-wise libraries. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS1987

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the optogalvanic effect in a Hg-Ar discharge

The optogalvanic effect induced in a Hg-Ar discharge by light at 546.1 nm is studied experimentally and theoretically. The plasma and its response to a disturbance in the atomic-level populations are described entirely in terms of electron collision cross sections and other fundamental parameters. In a detailed description of the laser interaction with the atomic system, it was necessary to take into account velocity-changing collisions (VCC). These collisions (VCC) strongly modify the interaction between the Doppler-broadened system and the optical field. In some Doppler-free optogalvanic spectra the dramatic influence of VCC on the velocity distribution of atomic-level population is evident. Measurements of the magnitude of the optogalvanic signal confirm most of the theoretical results. Some anomalous features of the impedance change due to a weak beam were observed when a strong counterpropagating beam was introduced.

Richardson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Correlations between Doppler and pressure broadening for the resonance interaction

The correlation between Doppler and collisional broadening has been considered in detail for radiation in which the lower level of the transition is broadened by the resonance interaction. It is found that rather than a single Voigt profile, the profile of the radiation is essentially a sum of Voigt profiles. Although the widths of these profiles vary by some 40%, the over-all line shape is very close to the single Voigt shape obtained when correlation effects are neglected.

Cooper, J.↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Discrete Hankel Transform Approach to Nuclear Data Processing for Fusion Applications

This study introduces advancements to the numerical solutions employed in the processing of nuclear data for fusion applications. It leverages the convolution theorem and Fourier transform techniques to enhance computational efficiency and broaden applicability. Building upon a previously reported discrete Hankel transform approach for Doppler broadening, this work refines the solution of convolution integrals central to these applications. The methodology provides a general and unified framework for evaluating any convolution operation, regardless of whether the underlying problem involves temperature effects in nuclear reactions. The applicability to the nuclear data processing for fusion is demonstrated by deriving the convolution integrals for some of the fusion-related quantities. As before, the convolution operation utilizes a Gaussian-based kernel; however, the discrete Hankel transform of order $𝛼$ = $\frac{1}{2}$ is now applied to the forward Fourier transform of the nonkernel argument, rather than the inverse Fourier transform. This modification eliminates the need for the integration of the nonkernel, cross section–based function, which is a step that posed challenges for certain pointwise cross-section representations. It also removes the requirement for cross-section linearization. Optimized for graphics processing unit architectures, the approach significantly improves computational performance. These advancements are currently under evaluation as the foundation for the next-generation thermonuclear data file processing codes being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Nuclear science and engineering↗
DOE OSTI2021

2D coherence imaging measurements of C 2+ ion temperatures in the divertor of Wendelstein 7-X

For the first time, 2D ion temperature values are derived from coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) fringe contrast measurements by taking Zeeman line broadening effects into account during the analysis procedure of a spatial-heterodyne CIS instrument. This allowed 2D images of C 2+ ion temperatures (T i ) across the 3D-shaped island divertor of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. Ion temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 eV are observed for the C 2+ impurity species in the region above the divertor targets. During the transition from the attached to the detached plasma state, the C 2+ radiation zone moves from close to the divertor target towards the last closed flux surface. Within this radiation zone, C 2+ temperature does not decrease significantly. Experimentally, the coherence imaging measurements were cross-calibrated at one poloidal cross-section using a high resolution Echelle spectrometer, that shared its sightlines with the coherence imaging diagnostic. The spectra demonstrated that, apart from Doppler broadening, the Zeeman effect significantly contributes to the spectral line broadening and cannot be neglected when analyzing the CIS contrast data for T i extraction in the edge and scrape-off-layer of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), due to the relatively low temperatures (T i < 100 eV) and high magnetic fields (B ≈ 2.5 T).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1986

Experimental identification of electrostatic plasma waves within ion conic acceleration regions

The identification of electrostatic modes in the ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma is a difficult process. Some success has been achieved with electrostatic hydrogen cyclotron waves where Doppler broadening is insignificant and with zero-frequency turbulence where the spectrum is entirely Doppler shifted. However, it is not yet possible to identify specific modes in regions of transverse ion acceleration. If the modes are assumed to exist, some limits can be placed on their electric field amplitudes. An experimental technique to measure wavelength directly, thereby circumventing problems created by Doppler shifting, is reviewed.

Kintner, P. M.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Spatio-temporal ion temperature and velocity measurements in a Z pinch using fast-framing spectroscopy

Ion Doppler spectroscopy (IDS) is a diagnostic technique that measures plasma ion temperature and velocity without perturbing the plasma with a physical probe. The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch Experiment at the University of Washington uses this technique to resolve radial temperature and velocity profiles of a Z-pinch plasma. The pinch lifetime is approximately 100 ms, therefore diagnostics capable of sub-microsecond resolution are required to measure the evolution of temperature and velocity profiles. The previous IDS diagnostic system was only capable of collecting a single measurement during a plasma pulse. Here, an improved system has been developed to measure radially-resolved ion temperature and velocity for the entire Z-pinch lifetime. A Kirana 05M ultra-fast framing camera and SIL ultraviolet intensifier are used to record up to 100 spectra per plasma pulse. The temperature is computed from Doppler broadening of the carbon-III (229.687 nm) impurity ion radiation and the velocity from the Doppler shift of carbon-III. Measurements are able to resolve the evolution of the ion temperature and velocity over the course of a plasma pulse. The diagnostic has significantly reduced the number of pulses required and provides a more coherent measurement of plasma dynamics than the previous system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗