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The presentation, released quarterly, reviews major trends that occurred in the solar industry in 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. Major topics of focus will be global and U.S. supply & demand, module & system price, investment trends, and updates on U.S. government programs supporting the solar industry.
This report summarizes the progress made on the project during the first quarter of FY22. The model for deep penetration laser welding continues to be developed to understand and mitigate cracking issues associated with laser welding Alloy 740H. The effects of laser wobble on laser welding of this alloy are also being developed. Additionally, the short-term creep behavior of welds made by various hybrid laser arc parameters has been obtained and the results indicate they are comparable to welds made by conventional gas tungsten arc welding which is a factor 2 slower than the hybrid welds. Additionally, the creep behavior of laser-only welds is also consistent with conventional gas tungsten arc welds as well as the hybrid laser arc welds made under this project. However, the creep rate of the laser-only welds is much higher than that observed in the hybrid laser arc welded specimens. This is most likely due to the narrower weld produced by laser-only welding compared to hybrid laser arc welding and, thus, the higher creep rate of laser-only welded creep specimens is likely a result of the increased fraction of base metal (which exhibits a higher creep rate than weld metal) contained within the gage section of the creep specimen. Creep rupture lifetimes were all about the same for both laser-only and hybrid laser arc welded specimens and consistent with the creep rupture lifetime of conventional gas tungsten arc welded creep specimens.
The Kilopower Project was initiated by NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate/Game Changing Development Program in fiscal year 2015 to demonstrate subsystem-level technology readiness of small space fission power in a relevant environment (Technology Readiness Level 5) for space science and human exploration power needs. The Kilopower Project centerpiece is the Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY (KRUSTY) test, which consists of the development and testing of a ground technology demonstrator of a 1-kW(electric)–class fission power system (FPS). The technologies to be developed and validated by KRUSTY are extensible to space FPSs from 1 to 10 kW(electric), which can enable modular surface FPSs for human exploration as well as higher-power future potential deep space science missions. The KRUSTY demonstration is cofunded by NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. The KRUSTY demonstration in the National Critical Experiment Research Center’s Device Assembly Facility was completed in the first quarter of 2018.
Abstract The NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC) project is an international collaboration aimed at finding evidence of neutrinoless double beta decay using gaseous xenon. The current phase of the project involves the construction and operation of NEXT-100, which is designed to hold 100 kg of xenon at 15 bar and is expected to start commissioning in the first quarter of 2024. NEXT-HD will be a tonne scale experiment following NEXT-100 and will incorporate a symmetric design, with one cathode and two anodes. For this detector, the collaboration is considering to implement a barrel of wavelength-shifting fibers read-out by silicon photomultipliers to measure the energy of the particles interacting in the gaseous xenon. In this document, we will discuss the characteristics of this approach and provide an update on the related R&D efforts.
The goal of this report is to provide a comprehensive status report of the research & development conducted in the context of the DARMA project by the end of the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. It follows in particular [LBS+19] and [PL19].
This report benchmarks U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system installed costs as of the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). We use a bottom-up method, accounting for all system and project-development costs incurred during the installation to model the costs for residential (with and without storage), commercial (with and without storage), and utility-scale systems (with and without storage). We also incorporate other system characteristics and performance factors, as well as ongoing costs, to benchmark LCOE for PV-standalone systems, and LCOSS for solar+storage.
NREL has been modeling U.S. photovoltaic (PV) system costs since 2009. This report benchmarks costs of U.S. solar PV for residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, with and without storage, built in the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). Our methodology includes bottom-up accounting for all system and project-development costs incurred when installing residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, and it models the capital costs for such systems.
In the first quarter (Q1) of Calendar Year 2020, the Pantex Radiation Safety Department (Pantex) experienced various issues and failures with their dosimeter processing equipment. Efforts to repair the equipment resulted in limited functionality without the ability to process dosimeters assigned to personnel for monitoring dose. As a result of the impairments to the dosimeter processing equipment, Pantex called upon Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) for support, as their designated backup processor. In January of 2021, LLNL Subject Matter Experts in External Dosimetry started an NNSA-requested review of Pantex’s personnel doses in Q1 2020. Its focus was the technical validity of the means and methods used by Pantex and its conclusions and provide a level of confidence to National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) that the resulting personnel doses were reasonable, conservative, and defensible.
In this project, we demonstrated significant progress in the development of Bio-Photovoltaic (BioPV) technology, with a particular focus on the transition from the initial success with Artemisinin (ART) to the development of the E1 compound. This journey began with the exploration of less conformationally restricted analogs of ART, leading to the discovery of E1. The initial success in the first quarter with ART set a precedent for the project, guiding our approach in molecular selection and design. Our computational studies provided a solid rationale for selecting specific biomolecules, with density functional theory calculations revealing the potential of certain molecules to form beneficial interactions with perovskite. This was a crucial step in narrowing down the candidate molecules from a broader selection. Subsequently, our approach involved simplifying these molecules to refine their properties and enhance their performance in bioPV applications. The ART-MAPbI3 films, for example, showcased not only high carrier mobility and hydrophobicity but also a significant increase in PCE. The evolution from ART to E1 was marked by a thorough understanding of molecular interactions and their impact on the material’s performance. This progression, from the complexity of lead candidates to the modeling and testing of simplified compounds, has culminated in the development of next-generation biomolecules with vastly improved properties. The link between E1 and ART, through this enhanced understanding, has been compelling and instrumental in achieving the milestones set forth in our project. The success in material and device performance underscores the importance of fundamental molecular design parameters, pointing towards future potential in the field of bioPV technology.
In this Technical Report, the chemical and radionuclide contaminant results from the April 2024 Semiannual sample of the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Decontaminated Salt Solution (DSS) salt solution are presented in tabulated form. The information from this characterization will be used by Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC) for the transfer of aqueous waste from SWPF to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF) where the waste will be treated and disposed in the Saltstone Disposal Facility. This Technical Report compares results, where applicable, to SPF Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) LIMITS and TARGETS that were established at the time the SWPF DSS sample was obtained.1 The April 2024 Semiannual sample of the SWPF DSS is a composite from the six months of SWPF processing during the First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 (1QFY2024) and the Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 (2QFY2024). The following facts pertaining to the WAC are drawn from the analytical results provided in this report. WAC TARGETS and LIMITS were met for all analyzed chemical and radioactive contaminants for which the detection limits are below the WAC TARGETS and LIMITS. Nitrosamines were not detected in the SWPF DSS salt solution sample above the instrument detection limits of <1 mg/L. The minimum detection limit (<3.33E-01 pCi/mL) is reported for 94 Nb as determined from the minimum detectable activity associated with the radiochemical method used for this radionuclide. The reported detection limit is above the requested SRMC target minimum detection limit concentration. However, the minimum detection limit reported for the April 2024 semiannual SWPF DSS sample for 94 Nb is lower than the estimated detection limit of 4.38E-01 pCi/mL initially established by SRNL in 2009. Thus, per guidance from SRMC, 2 SRNL continues to achieve as low as practical detection limits for this radionuclide.
The goal of this project is to develop a tool to aid railroads and other stakeholders assess and approach the decarbonization of freight rail operations by identifying new, viable low-carbon energy storage and conversion systems for future locomotive systems and how they should be deployed on the existing US freight rail network. In the first quarter, the project focused on collecting data, establishing a simulation workflow, and engaging industry through the creation of the Industry Advisory Board (IAB). In the second quarter, the project focused on selecting fuel pathways and powertrain technologies, setting performance targets, conducting a techno-economic analyses, and developing the simulation framework that would serve as the backbone of the future toolhead. The third quarter involved developing an industry-oriented interactive dashboard powered by a five-step sequential framework, as well as holding industry advisory board meetings as per the initial technology-to-market plan. In the remaining project quarters, the NUFRIEND dashboard were fine-tuned with the help of IAB member feedback and in-depth scenario analyses were conducted to support the techno-economic analysis of energy sources. Additionally, dashboard documentation, project insights, and open-source code on GitHub were prepared and released. Throughout the project, the team completed testing and analysis of all model components, integrated all initial test scenarios, and conducted stakeholder engagement. Lower-carbon drop-in fuels can be deployed as admixtures and are considered uniform across the network at a desired penetration rate, while hydrogen and battery-electric technology deployment poses a more complex problem as they require significant investments to be made in the siting of refueling/charging facilities and the replacement of locomotive fleets. Thus, strategies for locating and sizing refueling/charging facilities on a railroad’s network to meet their energy demands were developed to inform deployment decisions. To address this challenge, the Northwestern University Freight Rail Infrastructure & Energy Network Decarbonization (NUFRIEND) framework presents a five-step sequential framework to select O-D paths, locate facilities, reroute flows, size facilities, and evaluate the deployment for alternative energy sources that require locomotive powertrains to be converted and new refueling infrastructure to be deployed. The NUFRIEND Framework is an industry-oriented tool for simulating the deployment of new energy technologies across the US freight rail network. The framework provides a comprehensive network-level optimization and scenario simulation tool for decarbonizing the freight rail sector, addressing the uncertainties surrounding technological developments by supporting sensitivity analyses for different operational and technological parameters through a transparent and flexible input module. It offers practical alternatives to diesel locomotives and can be applied for any railroad considering the specific network structure and freight demand, outputting evaluation metrics for the associated emissions and costs relative to diesel operations. A number of relevant simulation scenarios were run and analyzed for key insights on the value of different alternative technologies for freight rail decarbonization. The project developments and findings have been presented at numerous conferences and events.
In this Technical Report, the chemical and radionuclide contaminant results from the April 2025 Semiannual sample of the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Decontaminated Salt Solution (DSS) salt solution are presented in tabulated form. The information from this characterization will be used by Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC) for the transfer of aqueous waste from SWPF to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF) where the waste will be treated and disposed in the Saltstone Disposal Facility. This Technical Report compares results, where applicable, to SPF Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) LIMITS and TARGETS that were established at the time the SWPF DSS sample was obtained. The April 2025 Semiannual sample of the SWPF DSS is a composite from the six months of SWPF processing during the First Quarter Fiscal Year 2025 (1QFY2025) and the Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2025 (2QFY2025).
NREL has been modeling U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system costs since 2009. This year, our report benchmarks costs of U.S. PV for residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, with and without storage, built in the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020). The methodology includes bottom-up accounting for all system and project-development costs incurred when installing residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems and it models the capital costs and levelized cost of energy for such systems.
NREL has been modeling U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system costs since 2009. This year, our report benchmarks costs of U.S. PV for residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, with and without storage, built in the first quarter of 2021 (Q1 2021). The methodology includes bottom-up accounting for all system and project-development costs incurred when installing residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems and it models the capital costs and levelized cost of energy for such systems.
Subsurface data analysis, reservoir modeling, and machine learning (ML) techniques have been applied to the Brady Hot Springs (BHS) geothermal field in Nevada, USA to further characterize the subsurface and assist with optimizing reservoir management. Hundreds of reservoir simulations have been conducted in TETRAD-G and CMG STARS to explore different injection and production fluid flow rates and allocations and to develop a training data set for ML. This process included simulating the historical injection and production since 1979 and prediction of future performance through 2040. ML networks were created and trained using TensorFlow based on multilayer perceptron (MLP), long short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. These networks took as input selected flow rates, injection temperatures, and historical field operation data and produced estimates of future production temperatures. This approach was first successfully tested on a simplified single fracture doublet system, followed by the application to the BHS reservoir. Using an initial BHS dataset with 37 simulated scenarios, the trained and validated network predicted the production temperature for 6 production wells with the mean absolute percentage error of less than 8%. In a complementary analysis effort, the principal component analysis applied to 13 BHS geological parameters revealed that vertical fracture permeability shows the strongest correlation with fault density and fault intersection density. A new BHS reservoir model was developed considering the fault intersection density as proxy for permeability. This new reservoir model helps to explore under-exploited zones in the reservoir. A data gathering plan to obtain additional subsurface data was developed; it includes temperature surveying for three idle injection wells, at which the reservoir simulations indicate high bottom-hole temperatures. The collected data assist with calibrating the reservoir model and may lead to converting these wells to producers to access under-exploited zones in the reservoir. Data gathering activities are planned for the first quarter of 2021.
CY21 First Quarter Asbestos Report for Permit HW0101
The Transient REActor Test (TREAT) facility was restarted in 2017 to perform reactor fuels testing under transient conditions, following shutdown in 1994 and 23 years in non-operational standby. TREAT is a transient reactor that, like most pulsing reactors, can create natural shaped power pulses. However, TREAT provides the ability to shape the power pulse and control the energy deposition rate on the test specimens by automatically controlling the amount of reactivity insertion over time. The original automatic reactor control system (ARCS) was created in the 1980s using INTEL 8086 CPU boards and software written in assembly code. The need to maintain the system for the next 40+ years of TREAT life led to the decision to replace ARCS with modern hardware while maintaining the original functionality. After a prototyping effort, the replacement was successfully completed in the first quarter of 2020. The process and results of that effort are reported here.
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