History and Overview of the DOE National Lab System
Talk presenting a brief overview of the history of the national lab system and an overview of the 17 current DOE labs.
Higinbotham, Douglas↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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DOE National Laboratories: History & Structure
Invited talk on the history and structure of the United State Department of Energy National Lab system.
Higinbotham, Douglas↗
Summary of DM1200 WESP History and Performance
The principal objective of this report was to summarize the testing experience on the DM1200 WESP. Further objectives were to provide descriptions of the history of all modifications and maintenance, methods of operation, problems and unit failures, and performance while processing a variety of feeds, and while employing a variety of operating methods, and to provide comparisons to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) high level waste (HLW) and low activity waste (LAW) WESP designs.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
A Python Tool for Reconstructing MCNP6 Particle Histories from an HDF5 PTRAC File [Slides]
A Python tool for converting the MCNP6 HDF5 PTRAC file to a list of Python trees is presented. The particle trees store MCNP6 simulated events for each history using parent-child relationships, which ensures that branching processes are accurately reproduced. A variety of post-processing scripts are presented and used in conjunction with the Python particle trees to make special tallies that are currently not available in the MCNP6 software and visualize the particle tracks.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Summary of DM1200 SBS history and performance
The principal objective of this report is to summarize the testing experience on the DM1200 SBS. Further objectives are to provide descriptions of the history of all modifications and maintenance, methods of operation, problems and unit failures, and performance while processing a variety of feeds, and while employing a variety of operating methods, and to provide comparisons to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW) Submerged Bed Scrubber (SBS) designs.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
History of the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program – Volume 1: Program Summary (Final Report 2026)
The History Project of the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP or the CSEP Program) was initiated in 2010 to document CSEPP’s extraordinary efforts and achievements. CSEPP was implemented to enhance emergency preparedness at U.S. Army installations and their surrounding communities as the Army’s stockpile of chemical weapons was being destroyed.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Uniform Methods Project: History and Updates [Slides]
This presentation provides an overview of the 2026 update effort and summarizes the drivers and history of the Uniform Methods Project (UMP). The presentation will be used in a public webinar to facilitate stakeholder participation.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Glauber’s Salt Composites for HVAC Applications: A Study on the Use of the T-History Method with a Modified Data Evaluation Methodology
Phase change materials (PCMs) can be utilized in buildings for peak load shifting in air conditioning systems, and the use of salt hydrate-based PCMs can reduce the cost of thermal energy storage devices. Glauber’s salt is an economical salt hydrate PCM with a melting point of around 32 °C. However, the desired melting range typically falls between 18 and 22 °C for building air conditioning applications. Although many researchers have characterized Glauber’s salt and its composites with modified melting points, enthalpy–temperature curves for composites of Glauber’s salt and NaCl are unavailable. In this study, we report the melting and solidification enthalpy–temperature curves for two different composites of Glauber’s salt and NaCl with a melting point of 21 °C obtained by the T-history method. Both composites contain NaCl to suppress the melting point, borax to reduce supercooling, and sodium polyacrylate as a thickener to enhance cyclic stability. The first composite with 12 wt.% NaCl demonstrated 139 kJ·kg−1 of latent heat of fusion, and the second composite with 9 wt.% NaCl demonstrated 171 kJ·kg−1. Both the composites have high volumetric energy densities compared to their organic counterparts with similar melting points.
Chemistry↗
How Does Feedback Affect the Star Formation Histories of Galaxies?
Star formation in galaxies is regulated by the interplay of a range of processes that shape the multiphase gas in the interstellar and circumgalactic media. Using the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) suite of cosmological simulations, we study the effects of varying feedback and cosmology on the average star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies at z ∼ 0 across the IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, and ASTRID galaxy formation models. We find that galaxy SFHs in all three models are sensitive to changes in stellar feedback, which affect the efficiency of baryon cycling and the rates at which central black holes grow, whereas the effects of varying active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback depend on model-specific implementations of black hole seeding, accretion, and feedback. We also find strong interaction terms that couple stellar and AGN feedback, usually by regulating the amount of gas available for the central black hole to accrete. Using a double power law to describe the average SFHs, we derive a general set of equations relating the shape of the SFHs to physical quantities like baryon fraction and black hole mass across all three models. We find that a single set of equations (albeit with different coefficients) can describe the SFHs across all three CAMELS models, with cosmology dominating the SFH at early times, followed by halo accretion, and feedback and baryon cycling at late times. Galaxy SFHs provide a novel, complementary probe to constrain cosmology and feedback, and can connect the observational constraints from current and upcoming galaxy surveys with the physical mechanisms responsible for regulating galaxy growth and quenching.
Iyer, Kartheik G. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (U↗
An Updated Picture of Presolar History from Short-lived Radioactive Isotopes and Inferences on the Birth of the Sun
We examine the origin of the short-lived radionuclides (SLRs; defined as having half-lives between 0.1 and 100 Ma) present in the early solar system (ESS) by investigating how predictions of their abundances in the interstellar medium (ISM) from steady-state equilibrium relate to their ESS values. For this, we take into account the non-negligible time t iso elapsed between the isolation of the presolar molecular cloud and the formation of the ESS, during which the SLRs decayed freely. We also consider the alternative scenario in which the presolar molecular cloud remained partially mixed with the ISM, with a mixing timescale t mix . We find that the ESS abundances of 107 Pd and 182 Hf produced by slow neutron captures (s-process) and of 53 Mn and 60 Fe produced by explosive nucleosynthesis can be consistently explained within these scenarios. Their required tiso is 9–12 Ma and their required tmix is 11–14 Ma (with one potential exception of t mix = 38 Ma), depending on galactic uncertainties, such as the galactic star formation history and efficiency and the star-to-gas mass ratio. Another s -process SLR, 205 Pb, has a more uncertain ESS value and falls within only some of these time values. The same applies to the SLRs produced by the p -process ( 92 Nb and 146 Sm), depending on the latter’s half-life. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the ESS abundances of the rapid neutron-capture isotopes ( 129 I, 244 Pu, and 247 Cm) and of the most short-lived radionuclides ( 26 Al, 36 Cl, and 41 Ca) cannot be explained by assuming steady-state equilibrium in the ISM.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Reconstructing the Stripping History of the Sagittarius Stream with Neural Networks
The Sagittarius (Sgr) Stream is produced by the ongoing disruption of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy and is thought to contain multiple wraps that were stripped during different pericentric passages. In this study, we introduce a neural-network–based method trained on N-body simulations to infer the stripping time of Sgr Stream stars directly from their phase-space coordinates. We combine spectroscopic data from SEGUE, APOGEE DR17, and LAMOST DR7 low-resolution spectroscopic (LRS) survey with Gaia EDR3 astrometry and distance estimates from the latest StarHorse catalog to identify high-quality Sgr Stream members. Applying our method to these stars, we measure a clear metallicity gradient with stripping time, well described by a linear relation with slope ∼0.3 dex Gyr −1 . We further predict the stripping times of globular clusters previously suggested to originate from the Sgr dSph. M 54, Terzan 7, Terzan 8, and Arp 2 exhibit stripping times consistent with being currently bound to the Sgr remnant. Pal 12, Whiting 1, and NGC 2419 are inferred to have been stripped 0.9 ± 0.1, 1.1 ± 0.2, and 2.1 ± 0.2 Gyr ago, respectively. For NGC 4147 and NGC 5634, whose membership in the Sgr system remains uncertain, our analysis suggests stripping times of 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.1 ± 0.1 Gyr, respectively, if they are ultimately confirmed as genuine Sgr members. These results demonstrate that data-driven models of dynamical stripping histories offer a promising approach for reconstructing the formation and chemical evolution of the Sgr Stream.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Field Testing of PID-p Susceptible Bifacial PERC Modules: Impact of Light, Voltage and Module History
This work investigates the potential induced degradation-polarization (PID-p) of bifacial passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) modules installed in the field at the Florida Solar Energy Center. 22 modules were stressed over 1 year under various voltage (-1500V, -3500, +1500V) and mounting configurations (close to ground, 2 meters from ground, close to roof). The positively stressed modules were anticipated to have experiences PID-p on their front side. However, no degradation was observed, as the light-induced recovery effect effectively counteracted the degradation. The negatively stressed modules experienced Pmax drops during 2 weeks before stabilizing at 5-6% loss. I-V and EL characteristics suggest a PID-p degradation on the rear side. Lower degradation rates are observed with lower voltage and when the mounting configuration allows more albedo light on the rear side to compensate for the degradation. PID-p is observed to stabilize at similar level for the voltage and mounting configuration tested with slightly lower Pmax in winter. EL imaging reveals that cells are not degrading at the same rate across a module. Some cells get darker and then brighter which corresponds to the silicon/passivation interface going through depletion and then inversion when enough positive charges are accumulated. After full light-recovery, the modules were tested again along with 22 brand-new ones to assess the impact of the module history. Results confirmed the trends observed in the first year with PID-p occurring at voltage as low as -600V and recovered modules degrading faster than brand-new ones.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Introduction to Special Issue on the Early History of Nuclear Fusion
Not Available
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Impact of nutritional history, prey quality, and quantity on grazing and photophysiological responses in the mixoplanktonic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis
The mixotrophic toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis forms red tides almost annually along Florida's Gulf coast. We hypothesize that the nutritional status and abundance of its prey, the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus , will affect its feeding rates and growth responses, with implications for bloom dynamics. This study investigated how prey nutritional quality and quantity (absolute and relative) impact grazing rates by K. brevis initially exponentially growing and in nitrogen (N)-limited conditions, and how grazing, in turn, affects the photophysiological responses of predator and prey. Prey quality was manipulated by providing Synechococcus grown under different ratios of N : phosphorus (P). Synechococcus quality did not significantly affect ingestion rates (measured as prey death rate) but grazing rates increased with increasing prey : grazer ratios (R 2 = 0.7). Compared to control, the growth of exponentially growing grazers doubled when Synechococcus was provided, whereas there was no growth enhancement when Synechococcus of varying qualities was provided to N-limited, chemostat-seeded grazers. Despite this doubled growth, 15 N labeling of the prey and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) detected low Synechococcus -N transfer into grazer biomass after 3 d (< 1% on a cell basis). This suggests the potential of grazers benefiting from alternative N sources (e.g., microbiome-N) or other constituents (e.g., vitamins or metals) not measured in this study. Prey photosynthetic efficiency declined under grazing conditions, demonstrating that grazers can directly affect prey abundance through grazing and indirectly affect prey photophysiology, potentially via allelopathy, supporting previous findings of an inverse relationship between grazers and prey along the Florida Gulf Coast.
Ahn, So Hyun [Univ. of Maryland, Cambridge, MD (Un↗
Surrogate model for geological CO 2 storage and its use in hierarchical MCMC history matching
Not Available
Han, Yifu (ORCID:0000000241188359)↗
Out-of-distribution detection with non-parametric density estimation for models predicting processing history of uranium ore concentrates
The rapid advancement in machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) coincides with the growth of interest in deploying these ML/CV models in numerous fields from medicine to social science. Similar to those areas, we have witnessed a great number of works in materials science employing ML/CV models – neural networks in particular – in their studies in recent years. These models have proven to obtain accurate performance in various tasks. However, these models struggle to attain a similar performance when encountering test samples coming from a distribution that is different from the training set. More importantly, they fail without providing any warning to the users. Therefore, we propose a framework for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples to alert users when a human intervention might be necessary in this work. Specifically, we explore the use of a non-parametric density estimation method to detect OOD samples. Here, we assess OOD detection capability of the proposed framework on ML models developed for categorizing precipitation routes of U 3 O 8 when encountering OOD datasets that contain samples (1) undergone different imaging acquisition process, (2) undergone different material synthesis process, and (3) different materials than ID set. Through those experiments, we achieve an average area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of at least 91% on average in detecting OOD samples. With minimal overhead cost and superior performance, the proposed framework enables a reliable and safe system when deploying in real-world scenarios.
Convolutional neural networks↗
History, present status, and future directions of vanadium alloys for fusion reactors
Since the need for low-activation fusion reactor materials was recognized in the mid-1980s, vanadium alloys have been researched and developed as promising candidates for blanket structural materials. Vanadium alloys are non-ferromagnetic and ductile materials and thus have advantages different from other candidates. However, since vanadium alloys are still at a premature industrial stage, research and development have been carried out not only on issues specific to fusion reactors but also on those related to industrial materials. Blankets using vanadium alloys as structural materials and liquid Li as a tritium breeder and coolant (self-cooled V/Li blankets) have unique characteristics, and research and development of issues specific to V/Li blankets have been conducted in conjunction with the development of vanadium alloys. In this paper, the progress of this research and development is reviewed, and the remaining issues are pointed out. As a result, the future direction of vanadium alloy research and development is discussed, considering recent changes in the environment surrounding fusion energy.
Liquid Li blanket↗
HIDALGO: A FUN object from the earliest epoch of the solar system’s history
Not Available
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗