Space Navigation Guidance and Control, Volume 2
Apollo navigation and guidance - inertial measurement units and pulse torquing, optical measurements, guidance computer design, and attitude control systems.
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Apollo navigation and guidance - inertial measurement units and pulse torquing, optical measurements, guidance computer design, and attitude control systems.
Thermal and mechanical design of strapdown inertial guidance and control systems
A pressurized lunar rover is necessary for future long-term habitation of the moon. The rover must be able to safely perform many tasks, ranging from transportation and reconnaissance to exploration and rescue missions. Numerous designs were considered in an effort to maintain a low overall mass and good mobility characteristics. The configuration adopted consists of two cylindrical pressure hulls passively connected by a pressurized flexible passageway. The vehicle has an overall length of 11 meters and a total mass of seven metric tons. The rover is driven by eight independently powered two meter diameter wheels. The dual-cylinder concept allows a combination of articulated frame and double Ackermann steering for executing turns. In an emergency, the individual drive motors allow the option of skid steering as well. Two wheels are connected to either side of each cylinder through a pinned bar which allows constant ground contact. Together, these systems allow the rover to easily meet its mobility requirements. A dynamic isotope power system (DIPS), in conjunction with a closed Brayton cycle, supplied the rover with a continuous supply of 8.5 kW. The occupants are all protected from the DIPS system's radiation by a shield of tantalum. The large amount of heat produced by the DIPS and other rover systems is rejected by thermal radiators. The thermal radiators and solar collectors are located on the top of the rear cylinder. The solar collectors are used to recharge batteries for peak power periods. The rover's shell is made of graphite-epoxy coated with multi-layer insulation (MLI). The graphite-epoxy provides strength while the thermally resistant MLI gives protection from the lunar environment. An elastomer separates the two materials to compensate for the thermal mismatch. The communications system allows for communication with the lunar base with an option for direct communication with earth via a lunar satellite link. The various links are combined into one signal broadcast in the S-band at 2.3 GHz. The rover is fitted with a parabolic reflector disk for S-band transmission, and an omnidirectional antenna for local extravehicular activity (EVA) communication. The rover's guidance, navigation, and control subsystem consists of an inertial guidance system, an orbiting lunar satellite, and an obstacle avoidance system. In addition, the rover is equipped with a number of external fixtures including two telerobotic arms, lights, cameras, EVA storage, manlocks, a docking fixture, solar panels, thermal radiators, and a scientific airlock. In conclusion, this rover meets all of the design requirements and clearly surpasses them in the areas of mobility and maneuverability.
IBM 7094 computer program for simulating atmospheric entry aided-inertial guidance systems
Early developments in inertial guidance systems design are described.
Evaluation techniques for astrionics systems using aided strapdown inertial guidance
Guidance and control requirements and systems for Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecraft including applicability to other missions
Analysis of error propagation in aircraft inertial guidance systems using flight simulation and mathematical models
Inertial guidance system design for manned space missions, considering environmental and performance requirements and energy minimization
Operational alignment and calibration of strapdown inertial guidance system for V/STOL program - phase 2
Linear and angular vibration measurements for V/STOL aircraft, and strapdown inertial guidance system performance - hardware and program summary
Linear and angular vibration measurements for V/STOL aircraft, and strapdown inertial guidance system performance - test data
Performance characteristics of higher order approximations of Runge-Kutta type are analyzed, and performance predictors for time required on machine and for error size are developed. Technique is useful in evaluating system performance, analyzing material characteristics, and designing inertial guidance and nuclear instrumentation and materials.
Hermetically sealed vibration damper design for use in gimbal assembly of spacecraft inertial guidance system
Optimal axis alignment for strapdown inertial guidance system, suggesting alternate method of raised mounting pads and cylindrical alignment pins
Gyro dynamic errors in strapdown inertial guidance system due to body rate
Prelaunch automatic azimuth alignment theodolites for Saturn 1B and Saturn 5 space vehicles inertial guidance system, discussing return images separation and error signal generation
Production of highly accurate decahedron prisms from hardened stainless steel is discussed. Prism is used to check angular alignment of mounting pads of strapdown inertial guidance system. Accuracies obtainable using recommended process and details of operation are described. Photographic illustration of production device is included.