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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Experimental examination of similarity measures and preprocessing methods used for image registration

The criterion used to measure the similarity between images and thus find the position where the images are registered is examined. The three similarity measures considered are the correlation coefficient, the sum of the absolute differences, and the correlation function. Three basic types of preprocessing are then discussed: taking the magnitude of the gradient of the images, thresholding the images at their medians, and thresholding the magnitude of the gradient of the images at an arbitrary level to be determined experimentally. These multitemporal registration techniques are applied to remote imagery of agricultural areas.

Svedlow, M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Image registration error variance as a measure of overlay quality

When one image (the signal) is to be registered with a second image (the signal plus noise) of the same scene, one would like to know the accuracy possible for this registration. This paper derives an estimate of the variance of the registration error that can be expected via two approaches. The solution in each instance is found to be a function of the effective bandwidth of the signal and the noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio. Application of these results to LANDSAT-1 data indicates that for most cases, registration variances will be significantly less than the diameter of one picture element.

Mcgillem, C. D.↗
NASA NTRS2016

Cross Correlation versus Normalized Mutual Information on Image Registration

This is the first study to quantitatively assess and compare cross correlation and normalized mutual information methods used to register images in subpixel scale. The study shows that the normalized mutual information method is less sensitive to unaligned edges due to the spectral response differences than is cross correlation. This characteristic makes the normalized image resolution a better candidate for band to band registration. Improved band-to-band registration in the data from satellite-borne instruments will result in improved retrievals of key science measurements such as cloud properties, vegetation, snow and fire.

band-to-band↗
NASA NTRS1984

Landsat image registration - A study of system parameters

Some applications of Landsat data, particularily agricultural and forestry applications, require the ability to geometrically superimpose or register data acquired at different times and possibly by different satellites. An experimental investigation relating to a registration processor used by the Johnson Space Center for this purpose is the subject of this paper. Correlation of small subareas of images is at the heart of this registration processor and the manner in which various system parameters affect the correlation process is the prime area of investigation. Parameters investigated include preprocessing methods, methods for detecting sucessful correlations, fitting a surface to the correlation patch, fraction of pixels designated as edge pixels in edge detection adn local versus global generation of edge images. A suboptimum search procedure is used to find a good parameter set for this registration processor.

Wacker, A. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Concepts for on-board satellite image registration, volume 1

The NASA-NEEDS program goals present a requirement for on-board signal processing to achieve user-compatible, information-adaptive data acquisition. One very specific area of interest is the preprocessing required to register imaging sensor data which have been distorted by anomalies in subsatellite-point position and/or attitude control. The concepts and considerations involved in using state-of-the-art positioning systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) in concert with state-of-the-art attitude stabilization and/or determination systems to provide the required registration accuracy are discussed with emphasis on assessing the accuracy to which a given image picture element can be located and identified, determining those algorithms required to augment the registration procedure and evaluating the technology impact on performing these procedures on-board the satellite.

Ruedger, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A method for digital image registration using a mathematical programming technique

A new algorithm based on a nonlinear programming technique to correct the geometrical distortions of one digital image with respect to another is discussed. This algorithm promises to be superior to existing ones in that it is capable of treating localized differential scaling, translational and rotational errors over the whole image plane. A series of piece-wise 'rubber-sheet' approximations are used, constrained in such a manner that a smooth approximation over the entire image can be obtained. The theoretical derivation is included. The result of using the algorithm to register four channel S065 Apollo IX digitized photography over Imperial Valley, California, is discussed in detail.

Yao, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Synthetic aperture radar/LANDSAT MSS image registration

Algorithms and procedures necessary to merge aircraft synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) imagery were determined. The design of a SAR/LANDSAT data merging system was developed. Aircraft SAR images were registered to the corresponding LANDSAT MSS scenes and were the subject of experimental investigations. Results indicate that the registration of SAR imagery with LANDSAT MSS imagery is feasible from a technical viewpoint, and useful from an information-content viewpoint.

Maurer, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Concepts for on-board satellite image registration. Volume 2: IAS prototype performance evaluation standard definition

Problems encountered in testing onboard signal processing hardware designed to achieve radiometric and geometric correction of satellite imaging data are considered. These include obtaining representative image and ancillary data for simulation and the transfer and storage of a large quantity of image data at very high speed. The high resolution, high speed preprocessing of LANDSAT-D imagery is considered.

Daluge, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Digital image registration method based upon binary boundary maps

A relatively fast method is presented for matching or registering the digital data of imagery from the same ground scene acquired at different times, or from different multispectral images, sensors, or both. It is assumed that the digital images can be registed by using translations and rotations only, that the images are of the same scale, and that little or no distortion exists between images. It is further assumed that by working with several local areas of the image, the rotational effects in the local areas can be neglected. Thus, by treating the misalignments of local areas as translations, it is possible to determine rotational and translational misalignments for a larger portion of the image containing the local areas. This procedure of determining the misalignment and then registering the data according to the misalignment can be repeated until the desired degree of registration is achieved. The method to be presented is based upon the use of binary boundary maps produced from the raw digital imagery rather than the raw digital data.

Jayroe, R. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Image registration using binary boundary maps

Registration technique that matches binary boundary maps extracted from raw data, rather than matching actual data, is considerably faster than other techniques. Boundary maps, which are digital representations of regions where image amplitudes change significantly, typically represent data compression of 60 to 70 percent. Maps allow average products to be computed with addition rather than multiplication, further reducing computation time.

Andrus, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Analytical and experimental design and analysis of an optimal processor for image registration

The author has identified the following significant results. A quantitative measure of the registration processor accuracy in terms of the variance of the registration error was derived. With the appropriate assumptions, the variance was shown to be inversely proportional to the square of the effective bandwidth times the signal to noise ratio. The final expressions were presented to emphasize both the form and simplicity of their representation. In the situation where relative spatial distortions exist between images to be registered, expressions were derived for estimating the loss in output signal to noise ratio due to these spatial distortions. These results are in terms of a reduction factor.

Mcgillem, C. D.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Multi-Modal Image Registration and Matching for Localization of a Balloon on Titan

A solution was developed that matches visible/IR imagery aboard a balloon in Saturn's moon Titan's atmosphere to SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and visible/IR data acquired from orbit. A balloon in Titan's atmosphere must be able to localize itself autonomously both globally and with respect to local terrain. The orbital data is used to provide the balloon imagery with global context. The work is novel in applying mutual information (MI) to orbital vs. aerial data. There are unique challenges in this setting. Image offsets are much higher than in medical imaging, there is local distortion due to 3D terrain relief, and the fields of regard from orbit and from the air are quite different.

Ansar, Adnan I.↗
NASA NTRS1978

SAR/LANDSAT image registration study

The author has identified the following significant results. Temporal registration of synthetic aperture radar data with LANDSAT-MSS data is both feasible (from a technical standpoint) and useful (from an information-content viewpoint). The greatest difficulty in registering aircraft SAR data to corrected LANDSAT-MSS data is control-point location. The differences in SAR and MSS data impact the selection of features that will serve as a good control points. The SAR and MSS data are unsuitable for automatic computer correlation of digital control-point data. The gray-level data can not be compared by the computer because of the different response characteristics of the MSS and SAR images.

Murphrey, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Concepts for on-board satellite image registration. Volume 3: Impact of VLSI/VHSIC on satellite on-board signal processing

Anticipated major advances in integrated circuit technology in the near future are described as well as their impact on satellite onboard signal processing systems. Dramatic improvements in chip density, speed, power consumption, and system reliability are expected from very large scale integration. Improvements are expected from very large scale integration enable more intelligence to be placed on remote sensing platforms in space, meeting the goals of NASA's information adaptive system concept, a major component of the NASA End-to-End Data System program. A forecast of VLSI technological advances is presented, including a description of the Defense Department's very high speed integrated circuit program, a seven-year research and development effort.

Aanstoos, J. V.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Concepts for on board satellite image registration. Volume 4: Impact of data set selection on satellite on board signal processing

The NASA NEEDS program goals present a requirement for on-board signal processing to achieve user-compatible, information-adaptive data acquisition. This volume addresses the impact of data set selection on data formatting required for efficient telemetering of the acquired satellite sensor data. More specifically, the FILE algorithm developed by Martin-Marietta provides a means for the determination of those pixels from the data stream effects an improvement in the achievable system throughput. It will be seen that based on the lack of statistical stationarity in cloud cover, spatial distribution periods exist where data acquisition rates exceed the throughput capability. The study therefore addresses various approaches to data compression and truncation as applicable to this sensor mission.

Ruedger, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Image registration system in the Landsat-D production environment

It is the purpose of the considered system to take pieces of imagery, called control point chips (CPC), whose geodetic location has been previously determined and stored, and locate their position in later imagery of the same area. The registration processes are carried out partially on a DEC VAX 780 computer and partially on a Floating Point Systems Array Processor. Typically sets of 20 control points are processed at a time. To process these as sets, and to optimize the use of both machines, operations are grouped into loops instead of a sequential processing for each point. Attention is given to cloud cover assessment, enhancement, correlation techniques, pixel registration, and subpixel registration.

Kiss, P.↗