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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2011

The MINERvA Neutrino Scattering Experiment at Fermilab

The MINER{nu}A experiment at Fermilab is aimed at precision measurements of neutrino interactions in nuclei for energies up to a few GeV. MINER{nu}A makes use of a fine-grained, fully active detector design and a range of nuclear target materials. The experiment began taking data in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab in late 2009 and will collect data in both the neutrino and antineutrino configurations of the beamline.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

MicroBooNE, A Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) Neutrino Experiment

Liquid Argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is a promising detector technology for future neutrino experiments. MicroBooNE is a upcoming LArTPC neutrino experiment which will be located on-axis of Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, USA. The R and D efforts on this detection method and related neutrino interaction measurements are discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions at MeV Region based on New Shell-Model Hamiltonians

Neutrino-nucleus reactions at MeV region are evaluated by using new shell model Hamiltonians, which are found to improve the description of spin degrees of freedom in nuclei as well as shell evolutions. The light element synthesis by neutrino processes in supernova explosions is discussed with the use of the new reaction cross sections for {sup 12}C and {sup 4}He. Possible constraints on the mixing angle {theta}{sub 13} and the neutrino mass hierarchy are pointed out to be imposed by the production yields of {sup 7}Li and {sup 11}B. Spin-dipole transition strengths in {sup 16}O and neutrino-induced reactions on {sup 16}O are investigated with the new improved Hamiltonian. The Gamow-Teller transition strength in {sup 56}Ni for the new Hamiltonian, which is more fragmented compared to previous calculations, is found to lead to the enhancement of the production yield of {sup 55}Mn in population III stars.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Experimental Measurement of Low Energy Neutrino Interactions

Neutrino interactions in the few to few tens of MeV range are of importance for several physics topics, including solar, supernova and reactor neutrinos, as well as future proposed oscillation and Standard Model test experiments. Although interaction cross-sections for some simple targets are well understood, very little experimental data exist for interactions with nuclei. This talk will discuss the motivation for measuring low energy neutrino interactions, the state of knowledge, and possible future strategies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Double Beta Decay Experiments

At present, neutrinoless double beta decay is perhaps the only experiment that can tell us whether the neutrino is a Dirac or a Majorana particle. Given the significance of the 0{nu}{beta}{beta}, there is a widespread interest for these rare event studies employing a variety of novel techniques. This paper describes the current status of DBD experiments. The Indian effort for an underground NDBD experiment at the upcoming INO laboratory is also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Atmospheric neutrino flux at INO site

To illustrate the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux, we briefly explain our calculation scheme and important components, such as primary cosmic ray spectra, interaction model, and geomagnetic model. Then, we calculate the atmospheric neutrino flux at INO site in our calculation scheme. We compare the calculated atmospheric neutrino fluxes predicted at INO with those at other major neutrino detector sites, especially that at SK site.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Highlights from NuInt11

We have seen significant advancement in our understanding of few-GeV neutrino-nucleus interactions since the time of the first NuInt workshop in 2001. Now ten years later, we reflect on our progress. Highlights from the NuInt11 workshop are presented along with some suggestions for future directions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A new paradigm for modeling the neutrino-nucleus cross section?

There is increasing evidence that the scheme, or paradigm, successfully applied to explain the wealth of electron-nucleus scattering data fails to describe the measured quasi elastic neutrino-nucleus cross sections. I argue that, before advocating modifications of the nucleon properties in the nuclear medium, the available data should be analyzed within a new paradigm, allowing for a consistent treatment of the reaction mechanisms, other than single nucleon knockout, contributing to the flux averaged neutrino cross section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutrino resonance production at very low momentum transfer

I look back at comparisons of CC neutrino resonance interaction data at very low Q{sup 2}, from seven experiments, compared to the predictions of current neutrino event generators. When compared to data, the generator models, primarily based on the model of Rein and Sehgal, overpredict the event rate at very low Q{sup 2} for samples that are enhanced in resonance {pi}{sup +} interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Effects in Generators: the Path Forward

The extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters requires the determination of the neutrino energy from observations of the hadronic final state. The use of nuclear targets then requires the use of event generators to isolate the interesting elementary processes and to take experimental acceptances into account. In this talk I briefly summarize the history of event generators and their use in nuclear physics, talk briefly about the generators used in the neutrino community and then discuss future necessary developments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Breakdown of collinear factorization in the exclusive photoproduction of a π 0 γ pair with large invariant mass

We study the exclusive photoproduction of a π 0 γ pair with large invariant mass M γ π 2 , which is sensitive to the exchange of either two quarks or two gluons in the t channel. In this paper, we show that the process involving two-gluon exchanges does factorize in the Bjorken limit at the leading twist. This can be explicitly demonstrated by the fact that there exist diagrams, which contribute at the leading twist, for which are , due to the pinching of the contour integration of the plus and minus component of the Glauber gluon momentum. For the same reason, π 0 -nucleon scattering to two photons also suffers from the same issue. On the other hand, we stress that there are no issues with respect to collinear factorization for the quark channels. By considering an analysis of all potential reduced diagrams of leading pinch-singular surfaces, we argue that the quark channel is safe from Glauber pinches, and therefore, a collinear factorization in that case follows through without any problems. This means that processes where gluon exchanges are forbidden, such as the exclusive photoproduction of π ± γ and ρ 0 , ± γ , are unaffected by the factorization breaking effects we point out in this paper. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the 𝑁 → Δ transition at low 𝑄 2

Here, we report the measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the 𝑁 → Δ transition via the 𝑒 − + 𝑝 → 𝑒 − + Δ + reaction at two different kinematic points with low four-momentum transfer 𝑄 2 . Measurements were made with incident electron beam energies of 0.877 and 1.16 GeV, corresponding to 𝑄 2 values of 0.0111 and 0.0208 (GeV/c) 2 , respectively. These measurements put constraints on a low-energy constant in the weak Lagrangian, 𝑑 Δ , corresponding to a parity-violating electric-dipole transition matrix element. This matrix element has been shown to be large in the strangeness-changing channel, via weak hyperon decays such as Σ + → 𝑝⁢𝛾. The measurements reported here constrain 𝑑 Δ in the strangeness-conserving channel. The final asymmetries were −0.65±1.00⁢(stat.)±1.02⁢(syst.) ppm (parts per million) for 0.877 GeV and −3.59±0.82⁢(stat.)±1.33⁢(syst.) ppm for 1.16 GeV. With these results we deduce a small value for 𝑑 Δ , consistent with zero, in the strangeness-conserving channel, in contrast to the large value for 𝑑 Δ previously reported in the strangeness-changing channel.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Medium-induced photon bremsstrahlung in neutrino-nucleus, antineutrino-nucleus, and electron-nucleus scattering from multiple QED interactions

Interactions of charged leptons with nuclei and the naive tree-level kinematics of these processes are affected by radiation of photons induced by the QED nuclear medium. We evaluate cross section modifications at leading orders of the number of correlated interactions inside the nucleus, known as the opacity expansion. We derive results for soft and collinear types of the bremsstrahlung at the first three orders in opacity and generalize them to higher orders. We present the leading in opacity energy spectra of soft and collinear photons and radiative energy loss inside the nucleus for experiments with lepton kinematics in the GeV energy range. At leading power of the Glauber soft-collinear effective field theory, the soft radiation is further resummed to all orders both in opacity and in the electromagnetic coupling constant. We find that the soft and collinear medium-induced radiation is vacuumlike, and additional corrections are power suppressed. Despite the negligible modification to the induced photon spectra, the nuclear medium-induced radiation sizably affects the broadening of charged leptons in the direction orthogonal to their propagation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of muon neutrino induced charged current interactions without charged pions in the final state using a new T2K off-axis near detector WAGASCI-BabyMIND

We report a flux-integrated cross section measurement of muon neutrino interactions on water and hydrocarbon via charged current reactions without charged pions in the final state with the WAGASCI-BabyMIND detector, which was installed in the T2K near detector hall in 2018. The detector is located 1.5° off-axis and is exposed to a more energetic neutrino flux than ND280, another T2K near detector, which is located at a different off-axis position. The total flux-integrated cross section is measured to be 1.26 ± 0.18⁢(stat+syst) × 10 −39 cm 2 /nucleon on CH and 1.44 ± 0.21⁢(stat+syst) × 10 −39 cm 2 /nucleon on H 2 ⁡O. These results are compared to model predictions provided by the neut v5.3.2 and genie v2.8.0 Monte Carlo generators and the measurements are compatible with these models. Differential cross sections in muon momentum and cosine of the muon scattering angle are also reported. This is the first such measurement reported with the WAGASCI-BabyMIND detector and utilizes the 2020 and 2021 datasets.

lepton-hadron interactions↗
DOE OSTI2024

Directional response of several geometries for reactor-neutrino detectors

Here we have modeled six abstracted detector designs, with the goal of determining their ability to resolve the direction to an antineutrino source, including two for which we have operational data for validating our computer modeling and analytical processes. We have found that the most promising options, regardless of scale and range, have angular resolutions on the order of a few degrees, which is better than any yet achieved in practice by a factor of at least two. We examine and compare several approaches to detector geometry for their ability not only to detect the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction, but also to determine the source direction of incident antineutrinos. The information from these detectors provides insight into reactor power and burning profile, which is especially useful in constraining the clandestine production of weapons material. In a live deployment, a nonproliferation detector must be able to isolate the subject reactor, possibly from a field of much-larger power reactors; directional sensitivity can help greatly with this task. We also discuss implications for using such detectors in longer-distance observation of reactors, from a few kilometers to hundreds of kilometers.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗