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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Chapter 4: "Waste"-to-Energy for Decarbonization - Transforming Nut Shells Into Carbon-Negative Electricity

This chapter presents a study demonstrating waste pistachio nut shells as a renewable feedstock for climate-friendly electricity generation via industrial gasification technology. The study includes biomass feedstock characterization (i.e., pistachio waste critical material attributes), process variability (i.e., bulk material handling), and overall operational reliability and conversion performance through extended testing. Additionally, techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) were performed to assess the economic feasibility and environmental impact of the technology to transform agricultural waste to biopower. For processing pistachio waste material, among critical material attributes, fines content in the biomass (<1/4") had the largest potential to reduce the operating time of the gasifiers due to plugging. Pelletizing fines and co-feeding them with the mixed pistachio waste increased the average feed density, feed rate, and biochar production. Compared to pine wood chips, mixed pistachio waste yielded higher biochar quantity but slightly reduced quality. In general, a systematic Quality by Design methodology is the preferred approach for designing preprocessing and material conveyance systems, where a downstream technology (end user) for the produced intermediate is specified at the outset. TEA results show that the biochar production rate and selling price had an overwhelming impact on the modeled Minimum Electricity Selling Price (MESP), which ranged from 35.5 to 39.9 cents/kWh for the cases studied (16 h/day operational basis). Moreover, LCA results show that the valorization of pistachio shells for biopower generation is a "carbon negative" process that can help decarbonize the U.S. electricity grid. The specific carbon intensity was -0.29 to -0.71 kg CO2e/kWh, compared to 0.45 kg CO2e/kWh for the average U.S. electricity mix. Biochar production from pistachio waste as a potential means for carbon sequestration was a significant driver for the LCA. The highly stable biochar permanently sequesters a considerable fraction of biochar carbon in the ground, more than enough to offset the life cycle emissions, and can be a complementary climate change mitigation strategy.

bio-char↗
DOE OSTI2023

Proteomic Analysis of Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ) Nut Development

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nuts are an economically valuable crop native to the United States and Mexico. A proteomic summary from two pecan cultivars at multiple time points was used to compare protein accumulation during pecan kernel development. Patterns of soluble protein accumulation were elucidated using qualitative gel-free and label-free mass-spectrometric proteomic analyses and quantitative (label-free) 2-D gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis distinguished a total of 1267 protein spots and shotgun proteomics identified 556 proteins. Rapid overall protein accumulation occurred in mid-September during the transition to the dough stage as the cotyledons enlarge within the kernel. Pecan allergens Car i 1 and Car i 2 were first observed to accumulate during the dough stage in late September. While overall protein accumulation increased, the presence of histones diminished during development. Twelve protein spots accumulated differentially based on 2-D gel analysis in the weeklong interval between the dough stage and the transition into a mature kernel, while eleven protein spots were differentially accumulated between the two cultivars. These results provide a foundation for more focused proteomic analyses of pecans that may be used in the future to identify proteins that are important for desirable traits, such as reduced allergen content, improved polyphenol or lipid content, increased tolerance to salinity, biotic stress, seed hardiness, and seed viability.

2D-gel↗
NASA NTRS1965

New nut and sleeve improve flared connections

Improved nut and sleeve of standard stainless steel flared tube connection allows forces on the mating surfaces to be uniformly applied. This can be applied to pressurized fluid systems such as refrigeration, air conditioning, and hydraulic systems.

Garrard, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1967

Single wrench separates nuts from free-floating bolts

Pneumatic impact wrench removes the nuts from freely turning bolts when the heads cannot be reached or the shafts anchored. It uses a fixed screwdriver blade that fits a slot cut into the threaded end of the bolt shaft.

Thompson, C.↗
NASA NTRS1970

Special wrench for B-nuts reduces torque stress in tubing

Gear-driven torque wrench with bearing support is used to tighten B-nut connection of partially supported fluid line with minimum stress to adjacent tubing and fittings. Wrench is useful for working with weak or brittle lines such as glass tubing.

Stein, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Separation nut Patent

Contamination free separation nut eliminating combustion products from ambient surroundings generated by squib firing

Jensen, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Bolt installation tool for tightening large nuts and bolts

Large bolts and nuts are accurately tightened to structures without damaging torque stresses. There are two models of bolt installation tool. One is rigidly mounted and one is hand held. Each model includes torque-multiplier unit.

Mcdougal, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Extra-strong "floating nut"

Increased bearing area withstands much higher torque than previous designs. Floating nut makes it possible to fasten parts on heavy-duty equipment, such as tractors and cranes, even though they can be reached for tightening from one side only.

Charles, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Lubricating Holes for Corroded Nuts and Bolts

Corroded fasteners taken apart more easily. Lubricating holes bored to thread from three of flats. Holes facilitate application of penetrating oil to help loosen nut when rusted onto bolt. Holes make it possible to apply lubricants and rust removers directly to more of thread than otherwise reachable.

Penn, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Modeling a ball screw/ball nut in substructuring

In the particular NASTRAN application discussed here, a nut was attached to a stationary structure. The object of the analysis was to determine the vibration characteristics of the whole structure for various configurations; i.e., the evaluation of the mode shapes and frequencies when parts were moved to different mating positions. Details of the analysis are given.

Butler, Thomas G.↗
NASA NTRS2010

International Space Station Powered Bolt Nut Anomaly and Failure Analysis Summary

A key mechanism used in the on-orbit assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) pressurized elements is the Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM). The mechanism that effects the structural connection of the CBM halves is the Powered Bolt Assembly. There are sixteen Powered Bolt Assemblies per CBM. The CBM has a bolt which engages a self aligning Powered Bolt Nut (PBN) on the mating interface; see Figure 1. The Powered Bolt Assemblies are preloaded to approximately 19 kilo pounds (KIPs) prior to pressurization of the CBM. The PBNs mentioned below, manufactured in 2009, will be used on ISS future missions. An on orbit functional failure of this hardware would be unacceptable and in some instances catastrophic due to the failure of modules to mate and seal the atmosphere, risking loss of crew and ISS functions. The manufacturing processes which create the PBNs need to be strictly controlled. Functional (torque vs. tension) acceptance test failures will be the result of processes not being strictly followed. Without the proper knowledge of thread tolerances, fabrication techniques, and dry film lubricant application processes, PBNs will be, and have been manufactured improperly. The knowledge gained from acceptance test failures and the resolution of those failures, thread fabrication techniques and thread dry film lubrication processes can be applied to many aerospace mechanisms to enhance their performance. Test data and manufactured PBN thread geometry will be discussed for both failed and successfully accepted PBNs.

Sievers, Daniel E.↗
NASA NTRS2010

International Space Station Powered Bolt Nut Anomaly and Failure Analysis Summary

A key mechanism used in the on-orbit assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) pressurized elements is the Common Berthing Mechanism. The mechanism that effects the structural connection of the Common Berthing Mechanism halves is the Powered Bolt Assembly. There are sixteen Powered Bolt Assemblies per Common Berthing Mechanism. The Common Berthing Mechanism has a bolt which engages a self aligning Powered Bolt Nut (PBN) on the mating interface (Figure 1). The Powered Bolt Assemblies are preloaded to approximately 84.5 kN (19000 lb) prior to pressurization of the CBM. The PBNs mentioned below, manufactured in 2009, will be used on ISS future missions. An on orbit functional failure of this hardware would be unacceptable and in some instances catastrophic due to the failure of modules to mate and seal the atmosphere, risking loss of crew and ISS functions. The manufacturing processes that create the PBNs need to be strictly controlled. Functional (torque vs. tension) acceptance test failures will be the result of processes not being strictly followed. Without the proper knowledge of thread tolerances, fabrication techniques, and dry film lubricant application processes, PBNs will be, and have been manufactured improperly. The knowledge gained from acceptance test failures and the resolution of those failures, thread fabrication techniques and thread dry film lubrication processes can be applied to many aerospace mechanisms to enhance their performance. Test data and manufactured PBN thread geometry will be discussed for both failed and successfully accepted PBNs.

Sievers, Daniel E.↗