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Results for “Ostwald ripening”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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43 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Dynamic permeability in metastable droplet interfacial bilayers

Membrane pores are implicated in several critical functions, including cell fusion and the transport of signaling molecules for intercellular communication. However, these structural features are often difficult to probe directly. Droplet interfacial bilayers offer a synthetic platform to study such membrane properties. We develop a theory that links size-selective transport across a metastable membrane with its transient structural properties. The central quantity of our theory is a dynamic permeability that depends on the mechanism of pore growth, which controls the transient distribution of pore sizes in the membrane. We present a mechanical perspective to derive pore growth dynamics and the resulting size distribution for growth via Ostwald ripening and discuss how these dynamics compare to other growth mechanisms such as coalescence and growth through surfactant desorption. We find scaling relations between the transported particle size, the pore growth rate, and the time for a given fraction of particles to cross the membrane, from which one may deduce the dominant mechanism of pore growth, as well as material properties and structural features of the membrane. Finally, we suggest experiments using droplet interfacial bilayers to validate our theoretical predictions.

Sarma, Nivedina A↗
DOE OSTI2021

Methanol carbonylation to acetaldehyde on Au particles supported by single-layer MoS 2 grown on silica

Homogenous single-layer MoS 2 films coated with sub-single layer amounts of gold are found to isolate the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide, the fundamental step toward higher alcohols, from an array of possible surface reactions. Active surfaces were prepared from homogenous single-layer MoS 2 films coated with sub-single layer amounts of gold. These gold atoms formed clusters on the MoS2 surface. A gas mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and methanol (CH 3 OH) was partially converted to acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO) under mild process conditions (308 kPa and 393 K). This carbonylation of methanol to a C 2 species is a critical step toward the formation of higher alcohols. Density functional theory modeling of critical steps of the catalytic process identify a viable reaction pathway. Imaging and spectroscopic methods revealed that the single layer of MoS 2 facilitated formation of nanoscale gold islands, which appear to sinter through Ostwald ripening. Here, the formation of acetaldehyde by the catalytic carbonylation of methanol over supported gold clusters is an important step toward realizing controlled production of useful molecules from low carbon-count precursors.

2D catalyst↗
DOE OSTI2021

Colossal grain growth in Cd(Se,Te) thin films and their subsequent use in CdTe epitaxy by close-spaced sublimation

Many technologies deposit thin films on inexpensive substrates, resulting in small grains due to classic nucleation and grain growth theory. For example, state-of-the-art solar cells are made by depositing CdSeTe and CdTe layers on inexpensive glass coated with nanocrystalline transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), like SnO 2 . Characteristically, the grain size of these films is on the order of the film thickness, i.e. a few microns. CdTe small-grain films have poor electro-optical properties and require CdCl 2 passivation which fails to fully passivate grain boundaries, causes carrier compensation, and prevents implementing other II–VI alloys and materials to improve performance. Here, we present a method to increase grain size to 1 mm in CdSe x Te 1-x thin films deposited on glass/TCO substrates without CdCl 2 treatment. The colossal grain growth is driven by mechanisms distinct from classic nucleation, grain growth, and Ostwald ripening and only occurs at low selenium content (x ~ 0.1). We also demonstrate how these films can serve as templates for subsequent large-grain epitaxy of other compositions like CdTe, again without exposure to CdCl 2 . The results open new paths for thin film solar cell technology, and thin film devices in general.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hematite Crystallization from a Two-Line Ferrihydrite Suspension

Rational design and synthesis of materials, determination of environmental conditions at the time of mineral formation, and definition of mechanisms in biomineralizing systems all require an understanding of the effect of multiple factors on modulating crystallization pathways. In this study, we investigate the influence of temperature, oxalate additive, aging time, and addition of seed crystals on hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 , Hm) crystallization from a two-line ferrihydrite (Fe 2 O 3 ·xH 2 O, Fh) suspension. We also investigate the effect of temperature on the aging of spindle-shaped Hm mesocrystals, which we synthesize through the addition of sodium oxalate. The results show that Hm mesocrystals form in a temperature window of 45 °C-130 °C. Temperatures ≥ 140 °C favor formation of rhombohedral Hm, suggesting classical monomer-by-monomer growth dominates, whereas crystallization by particle attachment (CPA) is dominant between 45 and 90 °C, while the two processes compete in the intermediate temperature range. Aging of mesocrystals in the original solution at 90 °C or 180 °C leads to a slow morphological evolution towards rhombohedral crystals due to Ostwald ripening. Then, by utilizing rhombohedral Hm and rod-shaped goethite as substrates on which to assemble the mesocrystals, we demonstrate formation of complex heterogeneous structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Helium Bubble Physics Experiments

New results from MST-16 indicate that as plutonium ages at close to ambient temperature and helium ingrows, the number density of bubbles increases only slowly, if at all, and their size distribution shifts towards larger diameters. Helium-containing aged plutonium foams when annealed at high temperatures. We attribute these phenomena to a diffusivity large enough that, after a few years of aging, new decay helium diffuses to extant bubbles rather than nucleating new bubbles, and that during annealing larger bubbles grow at the expense of smaller ones (Ostwald ripening). Bulk swelling results from the fact that the Laplace pressure and therefore the helium density are less in larger bubbles. We develop a simple theory and propose to study these phenomena in aluminum alloyed with 10 B in which successive exposure to reactor thermal neutrons produces a stepwise increase in helium content.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Particle-Based Crystallization

Particle-based crystallization is an important pathway to synthesize advanced materials with complex structures. Unlike monomer-by-monomer addition or Ostwald ripening, particle-based crystallization occurs via particle-by-particle addition, to form larger crystals. This paper reviews the development of particle-based crystallization and its advanced applications for fabrication of material architectures.

Zhou, Jianbin↗