SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Panelized”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2019

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyolefin Body Panels

This project addresses an automotive industry desire for a cost-effective, lightweight material for body panels that offers mass reduction compared to steel and aluminum body panels, and a cost savings compared to incumbent polymer body panels. Inexpensive polypropylene (PP) combined with <10 weight % reclaimed/recycled carbon fiber (rCF) have the potential to meet both performance and affordability targets for lightweight, paintable vertical body panels. This project supports DOE and IACMI technical goals of reducing production cost of CF composites >25% in 5 years on a path to >50% in 10 years and demonstrating technologies for >80% recyclability or reuse of fiber reinforced composites in 5 years on a path to >95% in 10 years. Alternative body panel materials must meet all fit and surface finish requirements, and match the appearance of metal body panels adjacent to them. The PP/rCF materials must maintain exterior dimensional requirements with a low co-efficient of thermal expansion, excellent paintability, and mechanical performance. Thermoplastic injection molding offers significant reduction in tooling costs as injection molding dies are typically less than half the cost of stamping dies. This project utilized rCF compounded with special formulations of PPs to produce automotive components that meet requirements for fit, finish, mechanical performance, and paintability while offering significant mass savings over incumbent metal panels. It will also offer a cost savings versus other composite solutions. Fenders were molded at the IACMI – Corktown facility using an existing fender tool. Ford Motor Company was the industry lead for this project and provided project management, testing, painting and adhesion testing, and developed the cost-model/business case. Ford engaged and aggregated cost share with Borealis who provided materials, technical support for process trials, and participated in coordination meetings. Vehicles Technology Area staff in Corktown assisted in project management, process trials, molded fenders, and benchmarked physical characteristics. Over 450 plaques were molded with two different gating systems to look at processing conditions and specimens were excised for mechanical testing. Plaques were also used for paint trials, surface analysis, and dimensional analysis. Subsequently, over 200 fenders were molded at IACMI – Corktown. These fenders were used for paint trials, surface analysis, and dimensional analysis. The PP/rCF systems met all of the requirements except for paint appearance. Additional development of paint primer and top coat is necessary to fulfill automotive OEM paint surface requirements.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2018

Stress Testing of Organic Light- Emitting Diode Panels and Luminaires

This report builds on previous DOE efforts with OLED technology by updating information on a previously benchmarked OLED product (the Chalina luminaire from Acuity Brands) and provides new benchmarks on the performance of Brite 2 and Brite Amber OLED panels from OLEDWorks. During the tests described here, samples of these devices were subjected to continuous operation in stress tests at elevated ambient temperature environments of 35°C or 45°C. In addition, samples were also operated continuously at room temperature in a room temperature operational life test (RTOL). One goal of this study was to investigate whether these test conditions can accelerate failure of OLED panels, either through panel shorting or an open circuit in the panel. These stress tests are shown to provide meaningful acceleration of OLED failure modes, and an acceleration factor of 2.6 was calculated at 45°C for some test conditions. In addition, changes in the photometric properties of the emitted light (e.g., luminous flux and chromaticity maintenance) was also evaluated for insights into the long-term stability of these products compared to earlier generations. Because OLEDs are a lighting system, electrical testing was also performed on the panel-driver pairs to provide insights into the impact of the driver on long-term panel performance.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Frequency Response Analysis to Monitor and Identify Changes in the Impedance of a Photovoltaic Panel Measured Online using a Power Optimizer

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are generally modeled as a current source due to photocurrent, p-n junction diodes with parasitic resistance, capacitance, and inductance. This paper proposes online frequency response analysis (FRA) to measure the impedance of a PV panel using an existing panel-level power optimizer in a PV system. The algorithm will actively perturb a small signal into a 300 W rooftop PV panel and compute its small signal impedance. The technology discussed is easy to incorporate, requires no additional hardware, doesn't alter the stability of the system, and is implemented at a steady-state point. The power optimizer initially stabilizes at an operating point and then perturbs the PV current via FRA and computes PV panel impedance. The relative standard deviation test conducted indoors under 300 W/m 2 illumination on a PV panel shows a less than 5% error rate in PV panel impedance magnitude and phase is measured using a power optimizer.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

High-Performance Coal-Based Commercial Facade Panels and Architectural Components (Phase I Final Report)

Semplastics has developed, tested, and documented the viability for commercialization of a new class of composite architectural panel materials that use coal as the primary constituent. This project produced sample panels using these novel materials that comprise 55% coal by mass (71% carbon by mass) and are comparable in dimensions to commercially available materials, while displaying superior mechanical strength, significant weight savings, and better insulating ability at a competitive cost. Phase I moved this coal-based composite materials technology from a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 3 to TRL 5. Semplastics’ new coal-based composite materials display an array of high-performance characteristics, including light weight, mechanical durability, temperature stability, and water resistance. These new materials require less energy to produce than comparable commercial products and could be manufactured on existing conventional plastic resin processing equipment in commercial quantities. The coal particles are completely encapsulated in ceramic from a polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) precursor, then bonded together by another inorganic resin. The material can be molded and cured to produce fireproof components such as ceiling panels, facades, and extruded underlayment, blocking, and backer boards, as well as other architectural design components such as moldings. The project included the production of sample panels for proof of concept, testing of the panels to show their improved characteristics, and development of a scale-up strategy to demonstrate the viability of the coal-based panels as a commercial alternative to existing building materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Overview of Solar Panel Recycling for Indigenous Communities

In recent years, Native tribes across the country have embraced solar energy to power their communities. However, in approximately 25-30 years after installation, the solar panels will enter end-of-life (EOL) status, meaning that they will begin to operate less efficiently than upon initial implementation. At this point, tribes can determine the outcome: they can continue to operate the array, or they can dispose of the panels. Recycling is an option that promotes the use of high-value recyclable materials in solar panels in the circular economy. There are several companies across the US that offer recycling of solar panels, but at various costs. It is important that a hazardous waste expert makes an initial assessment of the solar array to identify any solar panels that cannot be recycled. Currently, recycling solar panels is not cost-effective or environmentally sustainable, but significant research into improving the cost and carbon footprint is ongoing.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2016

Self-supporting roof panel

A self-supporting panel is used to form building components, including roofs that have no independent supports for the panels between the ends of the panels. The panel system includes a base support or structural component having a top face sheet supported by longitudinally load carrying webs and a layer of insulation on the exterior of the face sheet. The insulation spans the entire face sheet to overlie connectors between the edges of adjacent panels when the panels are assembled to form a wall or roof, to eliminate thermal shorts.

Davidson, Jane↗

DOE OSTI2025

Towards low-carbon low-energy concrete alternatives: Life cycle assessment of carbonated cementitious material-based precast panels

Cement is responsible for 22 % of all global CO 2 emissions from industrial processes. Technological innovation for developing and deploying of alternative materials will be required to decarbonize the cement industry. Carbonated cementitious materials (CCMs) are building materials that rely on carbon mineralization for their strength. A process-based cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand, and water consumption of a lab-scale CCM-based precast panel compared to a conventional precast concrete panel. Since the CCM process is currently a lab-scale early-stage process, the CCM panel showed higher environmental impacts compared to the conventional panel. However, scenario analyses include mature production process scenarios. In conclusion, a sensitivity analysis revealed that the GWP of CCM can be lowered to below that of the conventional panel using polymers, fillers, low-carbon electricity sources, and optimized carbonation parameters.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2017

Recovery of valuable components from waste LCD panel through a dry physical method

Highlights: • This paper aims at harmless treatment and resource recovery of waste LCD panel. • Indium tin oxide (ITO) was enriched from CF and TFT glass through mechanical exfoliation. • Vibrated gas-solid fluidized bed separation was introduced to investigate the separation of polarizing film and glass. •One flowsheet for recycling waste LCD panel synthetically which combine dry methods is proposed. - Abstract: A waste liquid crystal display (LCD) panel was recycled synthetically and cleanly by using dry physical methods, namely, mechanical exfoliation, dry crushing and vibrated gas–solid fluidized bed separation. Results of elemental and phase analyses show that indium and tin contents were enriched greatly in indium tin oxide concentrate obtained from colour filter and thin-film transistor glass. The results of crushing, ash content and scanning electron microscopic analyses show that when the LCD panel was crushed into particles smaller than 0.25 mm, the polarizer film is nearly completely liberated from the glass. Moreover, the results of vibrated gas–solid fluidized bed separation show that gas velocity and separation time are the main factors influencing the separation. The vibration intensity of 6.8, gas velocity of 13.6 cm/s and fluidizing time of 30 s are the optimum operating parameters, and the degree of separation and recovery of polarizing film reached up to 37.69 and 72.3%, respectively. Based on these results, the combination of dry enrichment, dry crushing and dry separation in a flowsheet is proposed for recycling of waste LCD panel.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2018

Attic Retrofits Using Nail-Base Insulated Panels

This project developed and demonstrated a roof/attic energy retrofit solution using nail-base insulated panels for existing homes where traditional attic insulation approaches are not effective or feasible. Nail-base insulated panels (retrofit panels) consist of rigid foam insulation laminated to one face of a wood structural panel. The prefabricated panels are installed above the existing roof deck during a reroofing effort.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2022

Increased panel height enhances cooling for photovoltaic solar farms

We report solar photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer substantial efficiency loss due to environmental and internal heating. However, increasing the canopy height of these systems promotes surface heat transfer and boosts production. This work represents the first wind tunnel experiments to explore this concept in terms of array flow behavior and relative convective heat transfer, comparing model solar arrays of varied height arrangements - a nominal height, extended height, and a staggered height configuration. Analyses of surface thermocouple data show average Nusselt number (Nu) to increase with array elevation, where panel convection at double height improved up to 1.88 times that of the nominal case. This behavior is an effect of sub-array entrainment of high velocity flow and panel interactions as evidenced through flow statistics and mean kinetic energy budgets on particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. The staggered height arrangement encourages faster sub-panel flow than in the nominal array. Despite sub-array blockage due to the lower panel interaction, heat shedding at panel surfaces promotes improvements on over 1.3 times that of the nominal height case.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Optimal planning of the joint placement of photovoltaic panels and green roofs under climate change uncertainty

Photovoltaic (PV) panels directly convert sunlight into electricity; but, sunlight also heats the panels, negatively impacting their efficiency. Green roofs are vegetative layers grown on rooftops, mainly to provide added insulation on the roof to save energy. Green roofs also cool near-surface air temperature. Hence, the joint installation of PV panels and green roofs may potentially lead to higher efficiency of PV panels in certain climates. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model to optimally place PV panels and green roofs under climate change uncertainty to maximize the overall profit from energy generated and saved. We calibrate the model using the literature, industry reports, and the data from different, at times conflicting, climate projections. We then conduct a case study for a mid-size city in the U.S., perform extensive sensitivity and robustness analyses and provide insights.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2026

The Interactions Between Shading and Organic Fertilizer Application on Dry-farmed Tomato Grown Between Photovoltaic Panels

Agrivoltaic systems are mixed systems of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and agricultural production, where shade from the panels can result in lower evapotranspiration for crops, which is of particular interest for dryland agriculture. Dry-farmed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Willamette Valley of Oregon has lower total yields and higher rates of blossom-end rot (BER) than irrigated tomato production, resulting in reduced marketable yields. To determine how dry-farmed ‘Early Girl’ tomato performed in an agrivoltaics system, a trial was conducted at the Valley Creek Solar Project (Salem, OR, USA) in 2020, using three different amendment treatments and three levels of shading from the panels. Amendment treatments were 0N (receiving no fertilizer), 84N (receiving 84 kg·ha −1 N), and 168N (receiving 168 kg·ha −1 N), applied as processed chicken manure. Plants were estimated to receive an irradiance factor of 30%, 76%, and 89% for full-shade, partial-shade, and full-sun treatments respectively. There was an interaction between amendment treatments and shading treatments in their effects on unblemished yield (yield of fruit without BER or sunscald). The optimum fertilizer application for full-shade and partial-shade rows was 84N, the optimum for full-sun rows was 0N. Fertilizing these rows at these rates resulted in an unblemished yield for the aisle of 11.1 t·ha −1 , which was lower than unblemished yields reported in previous experiments and trials in open fields. However, these results are from a single location and a single year, and other solar sites may behave more similar to open-field conditions. Shading from the panels increased average fruit weight and decreased incidence of BER and sunscald, suggesting that crops were less drought stressed. This resulted in similar unblemished yields for the full-shade and full-sun plots at 84N and 168N. Applying fertilizer resulted in higher total yields, smaller average fruit weight, increased BER incidence, and decreased sunscald incidence. The results suggest a possible synergy between dry-farmed tomato production and agrivoltaics, although several concerns remain, including difficulties managing the vegetation under panels, rules restricting PVs on high-value agricultural soils, and the possibility of soil compaction during PV installation.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2018

Attic Retrofits Using Nail-Base Insulated Panels

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2023

Data Analysis of X-ray Panels Used in X-ray CT Scientific Instruments

This report is a follow-up study on M. Skeate’s study on System Drift Detection for Health Monitoring (Skeate, 2023). The following report highlights analyses of the panel’s behavior with extended use. This includes effects of burn-in on the panel from over-use and bad pixels (defined in Methodology.) Using data-forward statistical analyses across a sequence of scans, and given that the other conditions present in the data can be replicated, this study show that overtime use of panels does not affect bad pixel count. Also, I present conclusive evidence of a direct relationship between the regions of the panel that are exposed to radiation and burn-in damage to that region overtime. Additionally, this study also highlights the effect of the duty cycle on the dark current change in the panel.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Mounting clips for panel installation

An exemplary mounting clip for removably attaching panels to a supporting structure comprises a base, spring locking clips, a lateral flange, a lever flange, and a spring bonding pad. The spring locking clips extend upwardly from the base. The lateral flange extends upwardly from a first side of the base. The lateral flange comprises a slot having an opening configured to receive at least a portion of one of the one or more panels. The lever flange extends outwardly from the lateral flange. The spring bonding flange extends downwardly from the lever flange. At least a portion of the first spring bonding flange comprises a serrated edge for gouging at least a portion of the one or more panels when the one or more panels are attached to the mounting clip to electrically and mechanically couple the one or more panels to the mounting clip.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2019

Sandwich panels with battery cores

Systems and methods are disclosed for enhancing the construction and application of batteries by providing a battery system comprising at least one electrochemical panel with at least one electrochemical cell disposed therein, which is configured to enable multi-purpose functionality and applicability of the battery system. Embodiments provide for electrodes and/or current collectors of each electrochemical cell that are transversely orientated with respect to each face of an electrochemical panel. Some embodiments provide for a separator pouch disposed about at least one electrode and/or current collector to electrically insulate the electrode and/or current collector from a structure component of the device. Each electrochemical panel is configured to enable electrical communication with another electrochemical panel and/or an ancillary electric circuit. Each electrochemical panel is configured enable utilization thereof as a structural component of an ancillary structure.

Rahn, Christopher D.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Non-corroding stripping lifting inserts for precast insulated panels

A stripping lifting insert is provided for precast insulated panels having an insulating material layer between opposing wythes, the insulating material layer, wythes, and precast insulated panel having respective widths. The stripping lifting insert includes an elongated connecting shaft having a shaft axis. First and second spaced apart wythe engagement members are connected to the connecting shaft in spaced apart relation to each other. Each wythe engagement member includes a hub and a plurality of three or more protrusions connected to and emanating from hub. Each of the protrusions extending radially outward from the shaft axis. The wythe engagement members have a height less than the width of the wythes, whereby each wythe engagement member can be completely embedded in a respective wythe of the precast insulated panel. A precast insulated panel and a method of making a precast insulated panel are also disclosed.

Hun, Diana↗

DOE OSTI2018

Panel reports session

This section brings together the reports of the 31 panel sessions listed below: - Avoiding the Human Capital Cliff in the DOE (PS22); - Implementing Technically-Based Cleanup; US DOE Balancing Regulatory and Fiscal Complexity (PS24); - United Kingdom - Remediation of Sellafield Legacy Ponds and Silos (PS25); - Aligning Decision-Making to Deliver Timely Results in Large Clean-up Programs (PS38); - Transition to Government Owned-Contractor Operated Site at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (PS39); - Emerging Middle East Nuclear States' Status and Plans (PS40); - NPP Panel on Waste Management (PS41); - Robotics - International Innovations in Robotic Decommissioning Technology (PS43); - Fukushima Panel (1/2): Japan Fukushima Daiichi Decommissioning Update (PS54); - Fukushima Panel (2/2): Update on the Revitalization of Fukushima and the Surrounding Area (PS55); - US DOE LLW On-Site Disposal: LLW Disposal Facility Federal Review Group Review Process (PS56); - Challenges in DOE HLW Tank Management: Facility Start-up and Waste Disposition (PS57); - Waste Management Planning for Utility Small Modular Reactors (PS58); - US Nuclear Power Plant Waste Management - LLW Disposal Issues (PS59); - DOE-EM Robotics and Emerging Technologies Road-map (4/8) (PS60); - Graduating Students and New Scientists and Engineers - Wants and Needs - Are Companies Even Listening? (PS63); - U.S. Nuclear Robotics: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (5/8) (PS74); - US DOE Mixed Waste: Proposals for Dealing with Problematic Waste Streams and Policy Changes (PS76); - Current and Emerging US NRC LLW Regulatory Topics (PS77); - Agency Perspectives (US and International) on the Use of Risk and Dose Assessment Tools (PS80); - Progress on Deep Repository Programs Around the World (PS81); - US DOE Procurement and Contracting Opportunities (PS82); - Collaboration across Borders to Deliver Cleanup and Decommissioning Challenges (PS93a); - DOE Mission Success through Application of Practices and Solutions (PS94); - Challenges in Cask Certification - International Perspectives (PS96); - Robotics: Leveraging Innovations in Science and Technology to Benefit Safety Performance (PS98); - DOE Panel: DOE EM Featured Office - Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office (PS109); - Robotics: Lessons Learned from Industrial Robotics Deployment that can be Applied to the Nuclear Field (PS110a); - Roundtable: DOE Radioactive Management - Energy Facility Contractors Group - Waste Management Working Group (EFCOG WMWG) (PS118); - Thursday Topical Session 'Management of Used Nuclear Fuel: Will the United States Reengage and Align with International Efforts' (PS124); - Remotely Operated Vehicles for Emergency, Disaster, and Operational Upset Response (PS125)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗