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At least 55 records · Page 3

Dome-like pressure-temperature phase diagram of the cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion in NaNiO 2

NaNiO 2 is a Ni 3+ -containing layered material consisting of alternating triangular networks of Ni and Na cations, separated by octahedrally-coordinated O anions. At ambient pressure, it features a collinear Jahn–Teller distortion below $T^{JT}_{onset} ≈ 480$ K, which disappears in a first-order transition on heating to $T^{JT}_{onset} ≈ 500$ K, corresponding to the increase in symmetry from monoclinic to rhombohedral. It was previously studied by variable-pressure neutron diffraction (Nagle-Cocco et al 2022 ACS Inorg. Chem. 61 4312) and found to exhibit an increasing $T^{JT}_{onset}$ with pressure up to ∼5 GPa. In this work, powdered NaNiO 2 was studied via variable-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction up to pressures of ∼67 GPa at 294 K and 403 K. Suppression of the collinear Jahn–Teller ordering is observed via the emergence of a high-symmetry rhombohedral phase, with the onset pressure occurring at ∼18 GPa at both studied temperatures. Further, a discontinuous decrease in unit cell volume is observed on transitioning from the monoclinic to the rhombohedral phase. These results taken together suggest that in the vicinity of the transition, application of pressure causes the Jahn–Teller transition temperature, $T^{JT}_{onset}$, to decrease rapidly. We conclude that the pressure-temperature phase diagram of the cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion in NaNiO 2 is dome-like.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Structural phase diagram for Sm-substituted BiFeO 3 multiferroics

The structural evolution of Sm substituted BiFe⁢O 3 is studied by total x-ray scattering and structure modeling. It is shown that the crystal structure changes from polar to antipolar and then to nonpolar when the Sm to Bi ratio in the material approaches 20% and 40%, respectively, with no intermixing between the structure types. The evolution is driven by lattice strain induced by the difference in the size of Sm and Bi atoms, leading to changes in the pattern of octahedral tilts and Bi off-centering, which, in turn, induce changes in the multiferroic properties. Furthermore, the substitution ratio at which the different structure types emerge appears to be tied up with the average radius of the atomic species occupying the Bi sites in the perovskite lattice and volume occupied by a formula unit, rendering both quantities useful predictor variables for guiding computational searches for substituted BiFe⁢O 3 multiferroics with improved functional properties.

Ferroelectricity↗

Finite-temperature phase diagram of the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase matrix model on the lattice

We investigate the thermal phase structure of the Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase matrix model using nonperturbative lattice Monte Carlo calculations. Our main analyses span 3 orders of magnitude in the coupling, involving systems with sizes up to 𝑁𝜏 =24 lattice sites and SU⁡(𝑁) gauge groups with 8 ≤𝑁 ≤16. In addition, we carry out extended checks of discretization artifacts for 𝑁𝜏 ≤128 and gauge group SU(4). We find results for the deconfinement temperature that interpolate between the perturbative prediction at weak coupling and the large-𝑁 dual supergravity calculation at strong coupling. While we confirm that the phase transition is first order for strong coupling, it appears to be continuous for weaker couplings.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Phase diagram and spectroscopic signatures of a supersolid in the quantum ising magnet K 2 Co(SeO 3 ) 2

Supersolid phases are quantum-entangled states of matter exhibiting the dual characteristics of superfluidity and solidity. Theory predicts that hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice can form such phases at half filling and near complete filling. Leveraging an exact mapping between bosons and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ degrees of freedom, here we show that these phases are realized in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet K 2 Co(SeO 3 ) 2 . At zero field, neutron diffraction reveals the development of quasi-two-dimensional $\sqrt3$ x $\sqrt3$ magnetic order with Z 3 translational symmetry breaking (solidity), though with reduced amplitude indicating strong quantum fluctuations. These fluctuations manifest as equidistant bands of continuum neutron scattering, where the lowest-energy mode is gapless at K ($\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{1}{3}$), consistent with broken U(1) spin rotational symmetry (superfluidity). For c-axis-oriented magnetic fields near saturation, we find a second phase consistent with a high-field supersolid. These two supersolids are separated by a pronounced 1/3 magnetization plateau phase that supports coherent spin waves, from which we determine the underlying spin Hamiltonian.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Phase diagram of generalized XY model using the tensor renormalization group

We use the higher-order tensor renormalization group method to study the two-dimensional generalized XY model that admits integer and half-integer vortices. This model is the deformation of the classical XY model and has a rich phase structure consisting of nematic, ferromagnetic, and disordered phases and three transition lines belonging to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless and Ising class. We explore the model for a wide range of temperatures, T , and the deformation parameter, Δ , and compute specific heat along with integer and half-integer magnetic susceptibility, finding both Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-like and Ising-like transitions and the region where they meet. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

2-dimensional systems↗

Phase diagram of a bilayer superconductor under an in-plane magnetic field

We study a double layer superconductor in the presence of a parallel magnetic field Bby obtaining self-consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, and also using the Pakrovsky- Talapov model for the free energy expressed in terms of the relative phase, namely the difference in the phases of the superconducting order parameters in the two layers. We find that with increasing B, a continuous transition occurs from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state, where the relative phase is constant, into a state which contains stripes of the BCS state separated by localized vortices in the relative phase. This state is predicted to manifest through oscillations in the amplitude of the superconducting gap and an alternating pattern of supercurrents. With increasing B, the BCS stripe state continuously evolves into the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state with linearly varying relative phase and a constant gap amplitude. Furthermore, these predictions apply to superconductivity in bilayer transition-metal-dichalcogenide systems with Ising spin-orbit coupling, and ought to be testable in a recently studied experimental system.

2-dimensional systems↗

Superconducting phase diagram in Bi x Ni 1 – x thin films: The effects of Bi stoichiometry on superconductivity

The Bi-Ni binary system has been of interest due to possible unconventional superconductivity aroused therein, such as time-reversal symmetry breaking in Bi/Ni bilayers or the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Bi 3 ⁢Ni crystals. While Ni acts as a ferromagnetic element in such systems, the role of the strong spin-orbit coupling element Bi in superconductivity has remained unexplored. In this work, we systematically studied the effects of Bi stoichiometry on the superconductivity of Bi x ⁢Ni 1–x thin films (x ≈ 0.5–0.9) fabricated via a composition-spread approach. Here, the superconducting phase map of Bi x ⁢Ni 1–x thin films exhibited a superconducting composition region attributable to the intermetallic Bi 3 ⁢Ni phase with different amounts of excess Bi, revealed by synchrotron x-ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly, the mixed-phase region with Bi 3 ⁢Ni and Bi showed unusual increases in the superconducting transition temperature and residual resistance ratio as more Bi impurities were included, with the maximum T c (=4.2K) observed at x ≈ 0.79. A correlation analysis of structural, electrical, and magneto-transport characteristics across the composition variation revealed that the unusual superconducting “dome” is due to two competing roles of Bi: impurity scattering and carrier doping. We found that the carrier doping effect is dominant in the mild doping regime (0.74 ≤ x ≤ 0.79), while impurity scattering becomes more pronounced at larger Bi stoichiometry.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Quantifying the phase diagram and Hamiltonian of S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnets: bridging theory and experiment

Spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnets are leading candidates for realizing quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground states. While QSL ground states are predicted for the pure Heisenberg model, understanding the robustness of the QSL to additional interactions that may be present in real materials is a forefront question in the field. Here we employ large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations to investigate the effects of next-nearest neighbor exchange couplings J 2 and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions D, which are relevant to understanding the prototypical kagome materials herbertsmithite and Zn-barlowite. By utilizing clusters as large as XC12 and extrapolating the results to the thermodynamic limit, we precisely delineate the scope of the QSL phase, which remains robust across an expanded parameter range of J 2 and D. Direct comparison of the simulated static and dynamic spin structure factors with inelastic neutron scattering reveals the parameter space of the Hamiltonians for herbertsmithite and Zn-barlowite, and, importantly, provides compelling evidence that both materials exist within the QSL phase. These results establish a powerful convergence of theory and experiment in this most elusive state of matter.

Jiang, Shengtao [SLAC National Accelerator Laborat↗

Large $$N_c$$ QCD phase diagram at $$\mu _B=0$$

Abstract Lattice studies suggest that at zero baryon chemical potential and increasing temperature there are three characteristic regimes in QCD that are connected by smooth analytical crossovers: a hadron gas regime at$$T < T_{ch}\sim 155$$ T < T ch ∼ 155 MeV, an intermediate regime, called stringy fluid, at$$T_{ch}< T < \sim 3 T_{ch}$$ T ch < T < ∼ 3 T ch , and a quark-gluon plasma regime at higher temperatures. These regimes have been interpreted to reflect different approximate symmetries and effective degrees of freedom. In the hadron gas the effective degrees of freedom are hadrons and the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD is spontaneously broken. The intermediate regime has been interpreted as lacking spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking along with the emergence of new approximate symmetry, chiral spin symmetry, that is not a symmetry of the Dirac Lagrangian, but is a symmetry of the confining part of the QCD Lagrangian. While the high temperature regime is the usual quark-gluon plasma which is often considered to reflect “deconfinement” in some way. This paper explores the behavior of these regimes of QCD as the number of colors in the theory,$$N_c$$ N c , gets large. In the large$$N_c$$ N c limit the theory is center-symmetric and notions of confinement and deconfinement are unambiguous. The energy density is$$\mathcal{O}(N_c^0)$$ O ( N c 0 ) in the meson gas,$${{\mathcal {O}}}(N_c^1)$$ O ( N c 1 ) in the intermediate regime and$${{\mathcal {O}}}(N_c^2)$$ O ( N c 2 ) in the quark-gluon plasma regime. In the large$$N_c$$ N c limit these regimes may become distinct phases separated by first order phase transitions. The intermediate phase has the peculiar feature that glueballs should exist and have properties that are unchanged from what is seen in the vacuum (up to$$1/N_c $$ 1 / N c corrections), while the ordinary dilute gas of mesons with broken chiral symmetry disappears and approximate chiral spin symmetry should emerge.

Physics↗

Theory of strain phase equilibria and diagrams

Chemical phase equilibria and phase diagrams are well established and have served as indispensable guides for designing materials through chemical tuning. However, a general thermodynamic theory for strain phase equilibria remains elusive despite extensive studies which have revealed dramatic impacts of mechanical strain on the stability of phases and domain states in solid-state materials. Here, we establish the thermodynamic theory of strain equilibria and a general framework for efficiently constructing multidomain and multiphase diagrams of arbitrarily strained solids under incoherent conditions. As examples, we obtain temperature-strain phase diagrams of ferroelectric PbTiO 3 , strongly correlated VO 2 , and unconventional ferroelectric Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 . We reveal the analogs of the Gibbs phase rules, multiple- and multi-critical points, common-tangent construction, and level rule in strain equilibria to those in the familiar chemical phase equilibria. Finally, our strain equilibria theory offers a powerful framework for predicting the thermodynamic stability of structural phases and domains in strained solids and for guiding the strain engineering of their functional properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Design of novel refractory equiatomic multi-principal elemental alloys based on Mo-Nb-Ti system for Gen IV reactor applications

Excellent irradiation damage resistance demonstrated by multi-principal elemental alloys (MPEAs) has sparked significant interest among researchers, prompting exploration into their vast compositional space, to validate their suitability for nuclear applications. A combined approach of thermodynamic and empirical parameters calculations alongside CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) for phase formation predictions enable high-throughput material selection for sophisticated applications like nuclear, overcoming laborious and time-consuming experiments. Key thermodynamic and empirical parameters for eight novel equiatomic MPEAs, based on seven low thermal neutron cross section refractory elements, for predicting phase formation were calculated, and equilibrium and non-equilibrium simulations in CALPHAD were employed to comprehensively model the systems. Pseudo binary phase diagram simulations showed that Zr, V or equiatomic CrV additions to the base MoNbTi alloy (MoNbTi-Zr, MoNbTi-V and MoNbTi-CrV alloys) favor the formation of isomorphous body-centered cubic (BCC) phase at high temperatures, while Cr, Al, equiatomic ZrV, or equiatomic CrAl additions (MoNbTi-Cr, MoNbTi-Al, MoNbTi-ZrV or MoNbTi-CrAl alloys) limit the solubility of them. Equilibrium CALPHAD simulations at 750 oC were consistent with XRD results on MoNbTi, MoNbTiZr and MoNbTiCr alloys, and partially for others. Notably, elemental segregation observed in the backscattered electron (BSE) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the alloys was accurately simulated through non-equilibrium Scheil solidification calculations in CALPHAD, further verified by experiments. The precipitation of TiCr2 Laves phase in Cr containing MoNbTiCr and MoNbTiCrAl was accurately predicted while discrepancies were noted in MoNbTiCrV. The equilibrium simulations also provided insights into phase compositions at specific temperatures offering a pathway for tailoring the desired microstructure and properties of these systems. Empirical parameters calculations successfully predicted random solid solution in the base MoNbTi alloy, and with an exception in MoNbTiV and MoNbTiAl, predicted intermetallic precipitation in the rest, especially, Laves phase precipitation in Cr containing alloys.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Elastocaloric evidence for a multicomponent superconductor stabilized within the nematic state in Ba(Fe 1− x Co x ) 2 As 2

The iron-based high-$T_c$ superconductors (SCs) exhibit rich phase diagrams with intertwined phases, including magnetism, nematicity, and superconductivity. The superconducting $T_c$ in many of these materials is maximized in the regime of strong nematic fluctuations, making the role of nematicity in influencing the superconductivity a topic of intense research. Here, in this study, we use the AC elastocaloric effect (ECE) to map out the phase diagram of Ba(Fe 1− x Co x ) 2 As 2 near optimal doping. The ECE signature at $T_c$ on the overdoped side, where superconductivity condenses without any nematic order, is quantitatively consistent with other thermodynamic probes that indicate a single-component superconducting state. In contrast, on the slightly underdoped side, where superconductivity condenses within the nematic phase, ECE reveals a second thermodynamic transition proximate to and below $T_c$. We rule out magnetism and reentrant tetragonality as the origin of this transition and find that our observations strongly suggest a phase transition into a multicomponent superconducting state. This implies the existence of a subdominant pairing instability that competes strongly with the dominant $s^±$ instability. Our results highlight the significant role of nematic order in determining the pairing symmetry close to optimal doping in this extensively studied iron-based SC, while also demonstrating the power of ECE in uncovering strain-tuned phase diagrams of quantum materials.

Ghosh, Sayak [Stanford University, CA (United Stat↗