Addressing Challenges for Single Microgrids and Networked Microgrids at Large Scales
This presentation provides an overview of addressing challenges for single microgrids and networked microgrids at large scales.
Energy Systems Integration Facility↗
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Fine-Scale Features of the Sun's Atmosphere: Spicules and Jets
We present an overview of fine-scale features in the Sun’s atmosphere, with a focus on spicules and jets. We consider older and newer observations and theories for chromospheric spicules and coronal jets. We also consider the connection between these features and some other solar atmospheric phenomena. We then discuss the possibility that there is a continuum of jet-like features ranging from spicules to large-scale CME-producing eruptions, all driven by similar magnetic processes operating on differing corresponding size scales. Future observational and theoretical studies will help clarify further the nature of these solar events, and elucidate possible connections between them.
Sterling, Alphonse C.↗
NASA activities and interests in the 1979 regional and storm scale experiment
A brief overview is presented of NASA's planned involvement in an interagency severe storms field measurement program.
Turner, R. E.↗
Hot gas ingestion: From model results to full scale engine testing
An overview is presented of a joint NASA Lewis McDonnell Aircraft Co. Hot Gas Ingestion (HGI) test program in NASA Lewis' 9 x 15 foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT). Advanced short takeoff vertical landing (ASTOVL) aircraft capable of operating from remote sites, damaged runways, aircraft carriers and small air-capable ships are being pursued for deployment around the turn of the century. To achieve this goal, it is important that technologies critical to this unique class of aircraft be developed. One of the ASTOVL concepts, the vectored thrust, has as its critical technology item, the potential of hot gas ingestion (which occurs during vertical flight operation while in ground effect) as a key development issue. Recognizing this need, NASA Lewis Powered Lift Section and McAir have defined a cooperative program for testing in the Lewis 9 x 15 foot LSWT. This program is described in detail.
Johns, Albert L.↗
Attitude Ground System (AGS) for the Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) Mission
MMS Overview Recall from Conrads presentation earlier today MMS launch: March 13, 2015 on an Atlas V from Space Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral, Florida MMS Observatory Separation: five minute intervals spinning at 3 rpm approximately 1.5 hours after launch MMS Science Goals: study magnetospheric plasma physics and understand the processes that cause power grids, communication disruptions and Aurora formation Mission: 4 identical spacecraft in tetrahedral formation with variable size1.2 x 12 RE in Phase 1, with apogee on dayside to observe bow shock1.2 x 25 RE in Phase 2, with apogee on night side to observe magneto tail Challenges Tight attitude control box, orbit and formation maintenance requirements Maneuvers on thrusters every two weeks Delta-H Spin axis direction and spin rate maintenance Delta-V Orbit and Formation maintenance Mission phase transitions AGS support Smart targeting prediction of Spin-Axis attitude in the presence of environmental torques to stay within the science attitude Determination of the spacecraft attitude and spin rate (sensitive to knowledge of inertia tensor)Calibrations to improve attitude determination results and improve orbit maneuvers Mass properties (Center of Mass, and inertia tensor for nutation and coning) Accelerometer bias (sensitive to the accuracy of the rate estimates) Sensor alignments.
Estimation and Calibration Support↗
Size scale effect in cavitation erosion
An overview and data analyses pertaining to cavitation erosion size scale effects are presented. The exponents n in the power law relationship are found to vary from 1.7 to 4.9 for venturi and rotating disk devices supporting the values reported in the literature. Suggestions for future studies were made to arrive at further true scale effects.
Rao, P. V.↗
An overview of NLC-91: A rocket/radar study of the polar summer mesosphere
In late July and early August of 1991, a major suborbital scientific campaign (NLC-91) involving scientists from eight countries was conducted as ESRANGE, Kiruna, Sweden and at Heiss Island, Russia. The purpose of the program was to investigate the chemical, dynamical, and electrodynamical properties of the polar summer mesosphere. Thirty one rocket flights were coordinated with two coherent radar facilities, EISCAT and CUPRI, and with other ground-based observatories and facilities. This permitted direct comparison between the in situ measurements and those obtained by remote sensing of the mesosphere via continuous ground-based monitoring. The primary objectives of the campaign were to study noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs), including their possible relationship to local aerosols and/or small scale turbulence. This overview describes the scientific program, discusses the geophysical conditions during launch activities, and reviews some of the preliminary results. More detailed results can be found in the papers which follow.
Goldberg, R. A.↗
An overview of NLC-91: A rocket/radar study of the polar summer mesophere
In late July and early August of 1991, a major suborbital scientific campaign (NLC-91) involving scientists from eight countries was conducted at ESRANGE, Kiruna, Sweden and at Heiss Island, Russia. The purpose of the program was to investigate the chemical, dynamical, and electrodynamical properties of the polar summer mesosphere. Thirty one rocket flights were coordinated with two coherent radar facilities, European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) and Cornell Univesity Portable Radar Interferometer (CUPRI), and with other ground-based observatories and facilities. This permitted direct comparison between the in situ measurements and those obtained by remote sensing of the mesosphere via continuous ground-based monitoring. The primary objectives of the campaign were to study noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs), including their possible relationship to local aerosols and/or small scale turbulence. This overview describes the scientific program, discusses the geophysical conditions during launch activities, and reviews some of the preliminary results. More detailed results can be found in the papers which follow.
Goldberg, R. A.↗
Improvements of SCALE Infrastructure on Microsoft Windows [Slides]
This presentation is on improvements of SCALE infrastructure on Microsoft Windows. This presentation begins with an overview and history of the group and history of SCALE infrastructure and testing as well. Improvements made to testing and the introduction of the cloud is brought up. Other topics include: GitLab Testing Suite and Windows Toolchain. Benefits to testing, to developers, and to users are discussed.
96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
Nanoconfinement and mass transport in metal–organic frameworks
The ubiquity of metal–organic frameworks in recent scientific literature underscores their highly versatile nature. MOFs have been developed for use in a wide array of applications, including: sensors, catalysis, separations, drug delivery, and electrochemical processes. Often overlooked in the discussion of MOF-based materials is the mass transport of guest molecules within the pores and channels. Given the wide distribution of pore sizes, linker functionalization, and crystal sizes, molecular diffusion within MOFs can be highly dependent on the MOF-guest system. In this paper, we discuss the major factors that govern the mass transport of molecules through MOFs at both the intracrystalline and intercrystalline scale; provide an overview of the experimental and computational methods used to measure guest diffusivity within MOFs; and highlight the relevance of mass transfer in the applications of MOFs in electrochemical systems, separations, and heterogeneous catalysis.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
The Interstellar Medium
The Interstellar Medium (ISM) forms an integral part of the lifecycle of stars and the galaxy. Stars are formed by gravitational contraction of interstellar clouds. Over their life, stars return much of their mass to the ISM through winds and supernova explosions, resulting in a slow enrichment in heavy elements. Understanding the origin and evolution of the ISM is a key problem within astrophysics. The KAO has made many important contributions to studies of the interstellar medium both on the macro and on the micro scale. In this overview, I will concentrate on two breakthroughs in the last decade in which KAO observations have played a major role: (1) the importance of large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules for the ISM (section 3) and (2) the study of Photodissociation Regions (PDRs) as an analog for the diffuse ISM at large (section 4). Appropriately, the micro and macro problem are intricately interwoven in these problems. Finally, section 5 reviews the origin of the (CII) emission observed by COBE.
Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.↗
More is definitely different: the zebrafish as witness: Comment on ”Structure and function in artificial, zebrafish and human neural networks” by Peng Ji et al.
We report half a century ago, in his foundation paper More is different, Anderson stated the relevance of including multiple scales of interaction, instead of trying to reduce everything to fundamental principles. By doing so, one may witness phenomena that were not expected by looking at each individual components separately. This idea finds indeed numerous realizations such as the synchronization phenomenon, where a multitude of dynamical systems suddenly start to behave coherently together, or the spreading of diseases over entire populations, to name only two examples. But if one would have to give a single example of a system where the multiplicity of interaction scales is of utmost importance, it would probably be the brain. In their review, Ji et al. give a comprehensive overview of the multiple scales of science required in the investigation of structural and functional brain networks, as well as their interplay.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Scale-free Graphs for General Aviation Flight Schedules
In the late 1990s a number of researchers noticed that networks in biology, sociology, and telecommunications exhibited similar characteristics unlike standard random networks. In particular, they found that the cummulative degree distributions of these graphs followed a power law rather than a binomial distribution and that their clustering coefficients tended to a nonzero constant as the number of nodes, n, became large rather than O(1/n). Moreover, these networks shared an important property with traditional random graphs as n becomes large the average shortest path length scales with log n. This latter property has been coined the small-world property. When taken together these three properties small-world, power law, and constant clustering coefficient describe what are now most commonly referred to as scale-free networks. Since 1997 at least six books and over 400 articles have been written about scale-free networks. In this manuscript an overview of the salient characteristics of scale-free networks. Computational experience will be provided for two mechanisms that grow (dynamic) scale-free graphs. Additional computational experience will be given for constructing (static) scale-free graphs via a tabu search optimization approach. Finally, a discussion of potential applications to general aviation networks is given.
Alexandov, Natalia M.↗
Progress Towards a Predictive Eagle Behavior and Risk Modeling Framework: Overview and Recent Validation Efforts
This presentation summarizes progress to date of the U.S. Department of Energy project, "Development of a computational framework for modeling golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) near wind farms," which focuses on stochastic behavioral modeling of soaring raptors across landscape, facility, and turbine spatiotemporal scales. This publicly available, open-source modeling framework includes behavioral models based on three different underlying principles: energy minimization at landscape scale, behavioral heuristics at landscape-facility scale, and data-driven behaviors at the facility-micro-scale. We will briefly overview the key advancements in the behavioral modeling state of the art, which leverages multiple high-resolution telemetry data sources combined with high-fidelity atmospheric flow modeling insights. We then present preliminary results from a validation study in Altamont, California. This new study involves a novel application of the Stochastic Soaring Raptor Simulator (SSRS), in a new geographic locale, to understand facility scale eagle movement patterns over time scales representative of a wind project's lifetime. For this desktop analysis (that does not depend on any high-performance computing resources), SSRS simultaneously considers a variety of wind conditions and eagle approach vectors toward a project site of interest. This work demonstrates the integration of publicly available landscape-scale atmospheric datasets, our recently improved engineering updraft models (see presentation from Thedin et al.), and our energy minimization behavioral models within the SSRS framework. While we only present results from a single behavioral model, the integration of these three modeling components forms the foundation for our more sophisticated behavioral models (see presentations from Brandes et al., Sandhu et al.) that are under active development. Results are presented in the form of presence maps, which may be applied to estimate risk to wildlife, augment ground survey data, inform wind-plant operations, or incorporated into wind-plant designs.
agent-based modeling↗
ICALEPCS 2025: Managing Technical Debt Across Large-Scale Control Systems
This presentation provides an overview of technical debt in the context of control systems for large-scale physics facilities. We explore various forms, common causes, and potential consequences on system reliability, maintainability, and extensibility. Drawing on experiences from multiple projects, including the ACORN control system modernization at Fermilab, we present a range of strategies for proactively managing technical debt, including best practices in design, development, testing, and documentation, as well as reactive approaches for identifying and mitigating existing issues.
Watts, Adam [Fermilab]↗
Dynamic Testing of a Subscale Sunshield for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST)
The NGST sunshield is a lightweight, flexible structure consisting of pretensioned membranes supported by deployable booms. The structural dynamic behavior of the sunshield must be well understood in order to predict its influence on observatory dynamic performance. A 1/10th scale model of the sunshield has been developed for ground testing to provide data to validate modeling techniques for thin-film membrane structures. The validated models can then be used to predict the behavior of the full-scale sunshield. This paper provides an overview of two test series performed on the 1/10th scale sunshield and a comparison of the results from the tests.
Ross, Brian↗
The global climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part 2: Large-scale variability across the tropical western Pacific during TOGA COARE
Recently, scientists from more than a dozen countries carried out the field phase of a project called the Coupled-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), devoted to describing the ocean-atmosphere system of the western Pacific near-equatorial warm pool. The project was conceived, organized, and funded under the auspices of the International Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program. Although COARE consisted of several field phases, including a year-long atmospheric enhanced monitoring period (1 July 1992 -- 30 June 1993), the heart of COARE was its four-month Intensive Observation Period (IOP) extending from 1 Nov. 1992 through 28 Feb. 1993. An overview of large-scale variability during COARE is presented. The weather and climate observed in the IOP is placed into context with regard to large-scale, low-frequency fluctuations of the ocean-atmosphere system. Aspects of tropical variability beginning in Aug. 1992 and extending through Mar. 1993, with some sounding data for Apr. 1993 are considered. Variability over the large-scale sounding array (LSA) and the intensive flux array (IFA) is emphasized.
Gutzler, D. S.↗
Development of Computational Materials Workflows for Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials to Enable Accelerated Prediction of Fatigue Performance
The maturation of computational materials approaches for fatigue performance prediction in a qualification and certification process is stifled by the ability to validate complex, microstructure-based simulations. Such a validation strategy bears immediate challenges including generating accurate virtual microstructures, efficiently solving physics-based mechanical simulations over relevant spatial and temporal scales, and acquiring high-fidelity calibration and validation data at the appropriate length scale. This presentation will overview these common challenges and present a case study to demonstrate a computational materials workflow for additively manufactured metallic materials. In this study, process-specific defects are characterized using segmented X-Ray micro-computed tomography measurements and overlaid on virtual microstructures. Accelerated crystal plasticity-based fatigue simulations are performed to demonstrate cyclic evolution and localization of mechanical fields in the vicinity of defects in response to their precise spatial configuration. An example of how this computational materials workflow may support next-generation qualification is discussed.
computational materials↗