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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Miniaturized Electron Proton Telescope, MERiT onboard Lunar Gateway

The Lunar Gateway or the Gateway, part of NASA’s Artemis program, is a space station orbiting around the moon The cis-lunar Gateway platform provides the opportunity for Heliophysics investigations to advance our knowledge of the coupled Sun-Earth system and the opportunity better understand the radiation environment in order to support and improve crew safety and operations at the Moon and beyond. The Heliophysics Environmental and Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite (HERMES) is a suite of instruments place on the outside of the Habitation and Logistics Outpost ( HALO) monitor the Sun’s radiation environment and space weather. HERMES, led byNASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, will monitor lower energy solar particles critical to scientific investigations of the Sun including the solar winds. Additional suite of instruments provided by ESA, the European Radiation Sensors Array (ERSA) will complement space weather studies. We report here on the energetic particle instrument, the Minaturized Electron Proton Telescope (MERiT) on board HERMES designed to measure electrons and protons in the energy range ~0.3-9. MeV and ~1-190 MeV in 11 and 20 differential energy channels respectively. MERiT is a solid state detector telescope with the two sensor heads:one looking sunward and the other anti-sunward. MERiT will help advance our understanding of solar energetic particles, low energy cosmic rays and energetic electrons in the magnetospheric tail. We will describe the instrument in details and the science topics it is expected to address. Lunar Gateway is currently expected to launch in 2024

Shri Kanekal↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway Program Safety And Mission Assurance Integration - The Future Of Safe Deep Space Human Exploration

This next wave of lunar exploration will be fundamentally different than the past. The goal today is long term human presence in Earth orbit, exploration around the Moon, exploration anywhere on the Moon, and challenging exploration missions beyond the Moon. Sustainability is the key to enabling human expansion across the solar system and bringing back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities, and requires the early engagement of scientific, international, and U.S. commercial interests, innovations, and new approaches. The Gateway’s agile acquisition strategy will shape the entire system life cycle, from design and analysis through production, verification, launch, logistics and operations. This strategy will encourage new ways of doing business to accommodate new techniques, technologies and approaches; improving affordability and maximizing Gateway utility. The full range of acquisition authorities and contracting mechanisms available to NASA will be considered and appropriately tailored in response to the unique demands of each procurement activity. Gateway will provide scientific and research benefits, in addition to providing a sustainable staging location for crewed lunar surface landings and technology demonstrations that help NASA develop the knowledge and technology needed for Mars missions. These payloads are expected to provide operational and scientific benefit for the duration of their stay on Gateway, as the hardware will provide data during the transit to the Gateway and while in lunar orbit as changes in solar activity occur over time. Gateway is designed to support a variety of utilization activities during both crewed and uncrewed periods and is planned for continuous operations throughout its lifetime. These operations include demonstrating key exploration capabilities in a relevant deep space environment, conducting science beyond the influence of Earth, and providing opportunities for Gateway partners and customers for deep space exploration. Located in cislunar orbit, the Gateway capabilities can be further leveraged to enhance lunar and Mars exploration. With the Gateway and other elements of the Artemis Program, NASA is encouraging new ways of doing business to accommodate new techniques, technologies and approaches, consider affordability, and encourage innovation from U.S. industry.

Helen Vaccaro↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway Program Safety and Mission Assurance IAASS Conference Keynote Presentation

This next wave of lunar exploration will be fundamentally different than the past. The goal today is long term human presence in Earth orbit, exploration around the Moon, exploration anywhere on the Moon, and challenging exploration missions beyond the Moon. Sustainability is the key to enabling human expansion across the solar system and bringing back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities, and requires the early engagement of scientific, international, and U.S. commercial interests, innovations, and new approaches. The Gateway’s agile acquisition strategy will shape the entire system life cycle, from design and analysis through production, verification, launch, logistics and operations. This strategy will encourage new ways of doing business to accommodate new techniques, technologies and approaches; improving affordability and maximizing Gateway utility. The full range of acquisition authorities and contracting mechanisms available to NASA will be considered and appropriately tailored in response to the unique demands of each procurement activity. Gateway will provide scientific and research benefits, in addition to providing a sustainable staging location for crewed lunar surface landings and technology demonstrations that help NASA develop the knowledge and technology needed for Mars missions. These payloads are expected to provide operational and scientific benefit for the duration of their stay on Gateway, as the hardware will provide data during the transit to the Gateway and while in lunar orbit as changes in solar activity occur over time. Gateway is designed to support a variety of utilization activities during both crewed and uncrewed periods and is planned for continuous operations throughout its lifetime. These operations include demonstrating key exploration capabilities in a relevant deep space environment, conducting science beyond the influence of Earth, and providing opportunities for Gateway partners and customers for deep space exploration. Located in cislunar orbit, the Gateway capabilities can be further leveraged to enhance lunar and Mars exploration. With the Gateway and other elements of the Artemis Program, NASA is encouraging new ways of doing business to accommodate new techniques, technologies and approaches, consider affordability, and encourage innovation from U.S. industry.

Terri Castillo↗
NASA NTRS2007

A Gateway to Support Interoperability of OPeNDAP and OGC Protocols

Data access and analysis tools that are developed within specific disciplines and the protocols that they are built upon provide valuable services to their respective users but can actually be a barrier to the interation of data from a broad set of data sources. An example of this is data supported by OPeNDAP that is widely used in the ocean and atmospheric sciences, and data provided through the interface specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) that typically serves the land science community. This paper described a project that is developing a gateway to bridge these two data system infrastructures, in response to a specific need expressed by CEOP, an international science program.

McDonald, Kenneth↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Artemis IV International Gateway Biological Payloads

1. Microbiology of the Built Environment (MoBE) - Sponsor: SMD Biological and Physical Science Division (BPS), Space Biology Program - Status as of 2021: - a. Paused in 2021, pending ESDMD’s Logistics Module Decision - b. Payload proposed by BPS and developed by the DWG and Partner Agencies - c. Submitted to Gateway Program Mission Integration and Utilization for feasibility review - d. GPCB ATP package produced and on pause - e. Research solicitation will be international 2. Gateway Research Accommodation Bag 1. Sponsor: ESA 2. BPS Space Biology Program intending to fly a passive experiment - Payload is TBD

Kevin Sato↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway Program Development Progress

This paper provides an overview and status of Gateway, humanity’s first space station to orbit the Moon providing vital support for a sustained, long-term human return to the lunar surface and a steppingstone to Mars as part of the Artemis missions. As a lunar outpost, Gateway is a destination for deep space crew expeditions and science investigations, a port for deep space transportation, including landers transiting to the lunar surface or spacecraft embarking to deep space destinations beyond the Earth-Moon system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leads the Program and is the integrator of the spaceflight capabilities and contributions of U.S. commercial partners and international partners to develop Gateway. This paper will provide an overview of Gateway’s major components in various stages of development. The entire Gateway spacecraft is at preliminary design level of maturity, with some components at or near critical design review. Gateway’s major components are the Power and Propulsion Element; the Habitation and Logistics Outpost; Deep Space Logistics; the International Habitation module; Gateway External Robotics System; European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications; and an Airlock. This paper will also provide an update on the status of the integration activities necessary to fly and operate this complex, next-generation integrated spacecraft for a minimum 15 year design life, including systems engineering integrated analysis cycles, the autonomous Vehicle System Manager software, verification and validation labs, and common vehicle equipment. Expanding on the successful partnership that has provided over 20 years of continuous crew operations in low-Earth orbit on the International Space Station, Gateway is an evolution of this extraordinary partnership leveraging the capabilities of each contributor to expand humankind’s sustained exploration deeper into the cosmos. Highlighting the international program with participation from multiple space agencies, this paper will also provide a status of Gateway multilateral governance structure and international agreements.

Sean M Fuller↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway Program Status and Overview

This paper provides an overview and status of Gateway, which will be an outpost orbiting the Moon that provides vital support for a sustainable, long-term human return to the lunar surface and a steppingstone to Mars as part of the Artemis program. Gateway is a destination for deep space crew expeditions and science investigations, as well as a port for deep space transportation – for landers en route to the lunar surface or spacecraft embarking to destinations beyond the Earth-Moon system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leads the Program and serves as the integrator of the spaceflight capabilities and contributions of U.S. commercial partners and international partners to develop Gateway. This paper will provide an overview of each component of Gateway: The Power and Propulsion Element, the Habitation and Logistics Outpost; Deep Space Logistics; the International Habitation module; External Robotics System; European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications; an Airlock; and Exploration ExtraVehicular Activity (xEVA). Expanding on the successful partnership that has provided over 20 years of continuous crew operations in low-Earth orbit on ISS, Gateway is an evolution of this extraordinary partnership that leverages the capabilities of each partner to expand humankind’s sustained exploration deeper into the cosmos. Highlighting the international program with participation from multiple international partners, this paper will also provide a status of Gateway multilateral governance structure and international agreements.

Gateway↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway Program Status and Overview

This paper provides an overview and status of the Gateway, which will be an outpost orbiting the Moon that provides vital support for a sustainable, long-term human return to the lunar surface and a steppingstone to Mars as part of the Artemis program. Gateway is a destination for deep space crew expeditions and science investigations, as well as a port for deep space transportation – for landers en route to the lunar surface or spacecraft embarking to destinations beyond the Earth-Moon system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leads the Program and serves as the integrator of the spaceflight capabilities and contributions of U.S. commercial partners and international partners to develop the Gateway. This paper will provide an overview of each component of the Gateway: The Power and Propulsion Element, the Habitation and Logistics Outpost; Deep Space Logistics; the International Habitation module; External Robotics System; European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications; an Airlock; and Exploration ExtraVehicular Activity (xEVA). Expanding on the successful partnership that has provided over 20 years of continuous crew operations in low-Earth orbit on ISS, the Gateway is an evolution of this extraordinary partnership that leverages the capabilities of each partner to expand humankind’s sustained exploration deeper into the cosmos. Highlighting the international program with participation from multiple international partners, this paper will also provide a status of the Gateway multilateral governance structure and international agreements.

Gateway↗
NASA NTRS2020

X-HAB 2020 Academic Innovation Challenge: Next Generation User Interfaces for Gateway Autonomous Operations

NASA’s Gateway seeks to establish an autonomous platform in support of Artemis mission (boots on ground 2024). It is used to refine and mature short and long-duration deep space exploration capabilities through the 2020s. It is expected to be assembled in a lunar orbit where it can be used as a staging point for missions to the Moon and other destinations in deep space. Gateway can evolve for different mission needs involving exploration, science, commercial and international partners. User interfaces for autonomous systems is an emerging area where knowledge and implementation concepts are still in their infancy.

J. Cecil↗
NASA NTRS2021

A Distributed Approach to High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking Within a Virtualized Environment

The High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) project has taken a distributed service-based approach to the development of a highly efficient delay tolerant networking (DTN) implementation. Through the analysis of many DTN implementations, system and mission requirements as well as the DTN protocol specifications, HDTN has worked to infuse modern computing technologies into the NASA approach to interplanetary networking. The initial use case of the HDTN software runs on a hypervisor representative of the International Space Station (ISS) DTN Gateway. In this scenario, multiple emulated payloads will send science data through HDTN to a mission operations center. HDTN will provide store and forward capability as well as network flow management. This paper discusses the infusion path of cognitive networking technologies in the NASA SCaN networks using the DTN architecture and protocols as the basis for cognitive routing and network management capabilities. HDTN has been developing the Bundle Protocol encoding and decoding mechanisms and messaging framework that can be used as the basis for integrating DTN with various learning and decision-making processes. The concepts of distributed computing, network virtualization, software defined networking and delay tolerant networking are basic building blocks which will further the development of cognitive networking. In addition to discussion of the HDTN software development and testing, this paper examines the role that each of these technologies play in the evolution of the current state of space networking into an intelligent network of networks.

Delay Tolerant Networking↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Distributed Approach to High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking Within a Virtualized Environment

The High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) project has taken a distributed service-based approach to the development of a highly efficient delay tolerant networking (DTN) implementation. Through the analysis of many DTN implementations, system and mission requirements as well as the DTN protocol specifications, HDTN has worked to infuse modern computing technologies into the NASA approach to interplanetary networking. The initial use case of the HDTN software runs on a hypervisor representative of the International Space Station (ISS) DTN Gateway. In this scenario, multiple emulated payloads will send science data through HDTN to a mission operations center. HDTN will provide store and forward capability as well as network flow management. This paper discusses the infusion path of cognitive networking technologies in the NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) networks using the DTN architecture and protocols as the basis for cognitive routing and network management capabilities. HDTN has been developing the Bundle Protocol encoding and decoding mechanisms and messaging framework that can be used as the basis for integrating DTN with various learning and decision-making processes. The concepts of distributed computing, network virtualization, software defined networking and delay tolerant networking are basic building blocks which will further the development of cognitive networking. In addition to discussion of the HDTN software development and testing, this paper examines the role that each of these technologies play in the evolution of the current state of space networking into an intelligent network of networks.

Rachel Mary Dudukovich↗
NASA NTRS2018

Semi-Autonomous Rodent Habitat for Deep Space Exploration

NASA has flown animals to space as part of trailblazing missions and to understand the biological responses to spaceflight. Mice traveled in the Lunar Module with the Apollo 17 astronauts and now mice are frequent research subjects in LEO on the ISS. The ISS rodent missions have focused on unravelling biological mechanisms, better understanding risks to astronaut health, and testing candidate countermeasures. A critical barrier for longer-duration animal missions is the need for humans-in-the-loop to perform animal husbandry and perform routine tasks during a mission. Using autonomous or telerobotic systems to alleviate some of these tasks would enable longer-duration missions to be performed at the Deep Space Gateway. Rodent missions performed using the Gateway as a platform could address a number of critical risks identified by the Human Research Program (HRP), as well as Space Biology Program questions identified by NRC Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space, (2011). HRP risk areas of potentially greatest relevance that the Gateway rodent missions can address include those related to visual impairment (VIIP) and radiation risks to central nervous system, cardiovascular disease, as well as countermeasure testing. Space Biology focus areas addressed by the Gateway rodent missions include mechanisms and combinatorial effects of microgravity and radiation. The objectives of the work proposed here are to 1) develop capability for semi-autonomous rodent research in cis-lunar orbit, 2) conduct key experiments for testing countermeasures against low gravity and space radiation. The hardware and operations system developed will enable experiments at least one month in duration, which potentially could be extended to one year in duration. To gain novel insights into the health risks to crew of deep space travel (i.e., exposure to space radiation), results obtained from Gateway flight rodents can be compared to ground control groups and separate groups of mice exposed to simulated Galactic Cosmic Radiation (at the NASA Space Radiation Lab). Results can then be compared to identical experiments conducted on the ISS. Together results from Gateway, ground-based, and ISS rodent experiments will provide novel insight into the effects of space radiation.

deep space gateway↗
NASA NTRS2022

Characterization of Lunar Polar Volatiles for Curation and ISRU - Executive Summary

The goal of this project is to support lunar exploration by simulating and characterizing ice and volatile-rich materials expected to be found at the lunar poles. These materials are highly sensitive to heating, which could significantly alter their composition and prevent scientific studies on lunar samples. During FY19, we obtained materials for and designed a simulated lunar environment, within which volatile-rich simulant could be made. We also refined the procedure for moderate-fidelity lunar simulants at cryogenic temperatures. In FY20, we completed our test setup, and we can now reach cryogenic temperatures and near-lunar pressures with active compositional monitoring of volatiles in the vapor phase. For FY21, we: 1) progressed towards developing sample storage temperature requirements for volatile-rich samples by completing storage testing, along with materials testing for Artemis geologic sampling, 2) obtained instrumentation for solid sample monitoring to characterize solid species, and 3) progressed towards water extraction testing for ISRU. Our test results will directly feed into Artemis science requirements, hardware designs for sample return, vehicle requirements (HLS, Gateway, Orion), and operations planning for lunar exploration activities.

Julie L Mitchell↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

What is LAADS DAAC? How to Download Data from NASA's Source for Cloud and Aerosol Data

The Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) primarily archives and distributes data on clouds and aerosols in Earth’s atmosphere in addition to providing Level 0 and 1 Moderate Imaging Radiometer Suite (MODIS), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and airborne data as well as data from the European Space Agency’s Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI). Secondarily, LAADS DAAC serves as a backup source for MODIS and VIIRS land products. As one of twelve DAACS supported by NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS), LAADS DAAC provides a gateway to data through multiple tools. The newest, View Data, allows users to preview data sets before downloading or applying any post-processing transformations. Learn about how to access LAADS DAAC data, get up-to-date information about LAADS DAAC's migration to hosting data in the cloud, and discover how to use the View Data tool.

Tassia Owen↗
NASA NTRS2003

Technical Education Outreach in Materials Science and Technology Based on NASA's Materials Research

The grant NAG-1 -2125, Technical Education Outreach in Materials Science and Technology, based on NASA s Materials Research, involves collaborative effort among the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC), Norfolk State University (NSU), national research centers, private industry, technical societies, colleges and universities. The collaboration aims to strengthen math, science and technology education by providing outreach related to materials science and technology (MST). The goal of the project is to transfer new developments from LaRC s Center for Excellence for Structures and Materials and other NASA materials research into technical education across the nation to provide educational outreach and strengthen technical education. To achieve this goal we are employing two main strategies: 1) development of the gateway website and 2) using the National Educators Workshop: Update in Engineering Materials, Science and Technology (NEW:Updates). We have also participated in a number of national projects, presented talks at technical meetings and published articles aimed at improving k-12 technical education. Through the three years of this project the NSU team developed the successful MST-Online site and continued to upgrade and update it as our limited resources permitted. Three annual NEW:Updates conducted from 2000 though 2002 overcame the challenges presented first by the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks and the slow U.S. economy and still managed to conduct very effective workshops and expand our outreach efforts. Plans began on NEW:Update 2003 to be hosted by NASA Langley as a part of the celebration of the Centennial of Controlled Flight.

Jacobs, James A.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Overview of the Lunar Gateway External Contamination Environment

As a part of the Artemis mission, Gateway will be a long duration space station in a near rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon. Gateway will be exposed to a variety of external contamination sources, which can degrade external hardware / surfaces and impact science utilization objectives. Requirements and methodologies addressing material outgassing, chemical and electric thruster plumes, vacuum venting, and visiting vehicle interactions have been developed by the Gateway Induced Environments team to ensure vehicle performance and mission success. The external contamination requirements and integration process are described along with required data deliverables. Integrated external contamination analyses are conducted by the Gateway Environments Team to assess compliance with external contamination requirements. This paper provides a current status of integration activities and analysis results, as well as future plans to improve external contamination characterization.

Crystal A. Quiroz↗
NASA NTRS2024

Overview of the Lunar Gateway External Contamination Environment

As a part of the Artemis mission, Gateway will be a long duration space station in a near rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon. Gateway will be exposed to a variety of external contamination sources, which can degrade external hardware / surfaces and impact science utilization objectives. Requirements and methodologies addressing material outgassing, chemical and electric thruster plumes, vacuum venting, and visiting vehicle interactions have been developed by the Gateway Induced Environments team to ensure vehicle performance and mission success. The external contamination requirements and integration process are described along with required data deliverables. Integrated external contamination analyses are conducted by the Gateway Environments Team to assess compliance with external contamination requirements. This paper provides a current status of integration activities and analysis results, as well as future plans to improve external contamination characterization.

Crystal A Quiroz↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Overview of the Lunar Gateway External Contamination Environment

As a part of the Artemis mission, Gateway will be a long duration space station in a near rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon. Gateway will be exposed to a variety of external contamination sources, which can degrade external hardware / surfaces and impact science utilization objectives. Requirements and methodologies addressing material outgassing, chemical and electric thruster plumes, vacuum venting, and visiting vehicle interactions have been developed by the Gateway Induced Environments team to ensure vehicle performance and mission success. The external contamination requirements and integration process are described along with required data deliverables. Integrated external contamination analyses are conducted by the Gateway Environments Team to assess compliance with external contamination requirements. This paper provides a current status of integration activities and analysis results, as well as future plans to improve external contamination characterization.

thruster plumes↗