IDAES: A Next-Generation, Multi-Scale Process Systems Engineering Framework for Optimizing Energy Systems and Manufacturing Processes
The presentation was delivered at the 2022 Smart Manufacturing Experience event in Pittsburgh, PA.
Ghouse, Jaffer↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Economic Feasibility Analysis and Engineering System Design Development of Novel Cesium Adsorbents - 18680
Potassium copper hexacyanoferrate-cellulose hydrogel composites (HCF-gels) and potassium copper hexacyanoferrate-embedded poly-citric acid hydrogel film (HPC) were synthesized. In Cs{sup +} removal experiments, HCF-gels exhibited exceptional Cs{sup +} adsorption capacities 2.06-2.32 mmol g{sup -1}. HPC showed a very high Cs{sup +} uptake of 667 mg/g KCuHCF. The adsorbents revealed stable and high Cs{sup +} removal efficiency across a wide pH range. Notably, the adsorbents could adsorb Cs{sup +} selectively in seawater containing Cs{sup +}. The combination of testing and radiation stability results indicated that the performance of the materials are maintained whether irradiated or not. The cost of the HCF-gels and HPC were estimated approximately 13.0055 $/kg and 38.2490 $/kg respectively. This is reasonable cost compared to commercialized Cs{sup +} adsorbents. New pool scrubbing system is designed for engineering system design to apply novel Cs{sup +} adsorbents under severe accident condition. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Gaseous fuel engine system and operating strategy for limiting crankcase fuel accumulation
Operating a gaseous fuel engine system includes controlling at least one of a delivery location, a delivery timing, or in situ mixing of a gaseous fuel with air, based on at least one engine system parameter upon the basis of which a blowby amount of a gaseous fuel to a crankcase varies. Crankcase accumulation of the gaseous fuel is maintained below a flammability limit. Related apparatus and control logic is also disclosed.
Singh, Jaswinder↗
Overview of the Systems Engineering Process as It Applies to The National Spherical Torus Experiment - Upgrade (NSTX-U)
This paper addresses the systems engineering (SE) processes used for the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U). It focuses on SE across the life cycle of the system, including requirements management, interface control, risk management, integration, and verification/validation. This is particularly significant as NSTX-U includes new systems and an existing plant and reused systems from past projects such as the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The implementation of SE provides the ability to control complexity, improve communications, identify risks early, and prevent defects. Systems engineering principles are applied to enhance the integration while maintaining relevance in plasma research. Furthermore, these principles define a deliberate process to identify and resolve issues early in the development cycle, thus reducing risks and optimizing outputs. They also establish relationships to gather knowledge from experts and stakeholders, supporting the continued ability of NSTX-U in building and maintaining an operational system able to adapt to changing environments and emerging requirements.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Bayesian, Multifidelity Operator Learning for Complex Engineering Systems–A Position Paper
Abstract Deep learning has significantly improved the state-of-the-art in computer vision and natural language processing, and holds great potential to design effective tools for predicting and simulating complex engineering systems. In particular, scientific machine learning seeks to apply the power of deep learning to scientific and engineering tasks, with operator learning (OL) emerging as a particularly effective tool. OL can approximate nonlinear operators arising in complex engineering systems, making it useful for simulating, designing, and controlling those systems. In this position paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of OL, including its potential applications to complex engineering domains. We cover three variations of OL approaches: deterministic OL for modeling nonautonomous systems, OL with uncertainty quantification (UQ) capabilities, and multifidelity OL. For each variation, we discuss drawbacks and potential applications to engineering, in addition to providing a detailed explanation. We also highlight how multifidelity OL approaches with UQ capabilities can be used to design, optimize, and control engineering systems. Finally, we outline some potential challenges for OL within the engineering domain.
Computer Science↗
Perceived Conflicts of Systems Engineering in Early-Stage Research and Development 1
Early Systems Research and Development (ESR&D) is one of the most crucial phases in the product development process. It both blends and blurs the lines between science and engineering, and requires a risk-based, disciplined, and graded approach to effectively manage scope, cost, and complexity of the final product. Many leaders, program managers, and scientists are unwilling to involve systems engineering because of the perception that systems engineering is heavily process oriented, adds unnecessary costs, and should be applied only to mature technologies. The value of systems engineering as applied to ESR&D is unclear to these key individuals. The unfortunate result is that system engineering is not applied to ESR&D. This results in R&D efforts that may have solved the wrong problem, selected the wrong architecture, require technical rework, have difficulty transitioning later maturity levels, and result in higher R&D costs and extended development timelines. This work discusses the difficulty of introducing systems engineering to the research and early development process and their inclination perspectives of researchers, engineers, and managers. The article shall offer potential means to manage the cultural transformation of early adoption of right-sized systems engineering in ESR&D and reverse the attitudinal positions.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Human Readiness Levels in the Systems Engineering Process at Sandia National Laboratories
The Systems Analysis & Decision Support group (2150) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) led a study from 2015 to 2017 to investigate the utility of various options to achieve systematic and comprehensive incorporation of the human component of a system throughout the product lifecycle. Although technology readiness levels (TRL) are widely used in the systems engineering process to address technical maturity throughout design and development, a comparable technique to estimate the readiness of a technology for human operator use is lacking at SNL. The present study was designed to investigate the utility of a human readiness levels (HRL) scale to complement the TRL scale for the types of nuclear deterrence work conducted at SNL. The study team conducted 24 interviews with 26 individuals to (1) understand the extent to which current baseline design and development approaches at SNL incorporate the human dimension and (2) estimate the utility of various options to fully incorporate the human element in SNL work. Results confirmed that current processes do not manage the human component of a system systematically or comprehensively across programs. Although multiple options were seen to have some utility to address this shortcoming, an approach combining human readiness assessments within the existing TRL scale was perceived as relatively more useful for SNL. The study team created a proposed path forward to progress from the current ad hoc, reactive approach to a systematic, comprehensive, and rigorous approach characterized by full consideration of the human component of a system within and across programs and throughout the entire product lifecycle.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Application of Systems Engineering Principles and Techniques in Biological Big Data Analytics: A Review
In the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in biology, life sciences and healthcare. These advancements are due in no small part to the big data made available by various high-throughput technologies, the ever-advancing computing power, and the algorithmic advancements in machine learning. Specifically, big data analytics such as statistical and machine learning has become an essential tool in these rapidly developing fields. As a result, the subject has drawn increased attention and many review papers have been published in just the past few years on the subject. Different from all existing reviews, this work focuses on the application of systems, engineering principles and techniques in addressing some of the common challenges in big data analytics for biological, biomedical and healthcare applications. Specifically, this review focuses on the following three key areas in biological big data analytics where systems engineering principles and techniques have been playing important roles: the principle of parsimony in addressing overfitting, the dynamic analysis of biological data, and the role of domain knowledge in biological data analytics.
dynamic analysis↗
Enterprise: Exploration of Concepts, Perspectives and Implications for Systems Engineering
The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of ‘enterprise’ in the context of Systems Engineering (SE). The term ‘enterprise’ has been used extensively to generally describe large complex entities that have an extensive scope of operations. However, a deeper examination of ‘enterprise’ significance for SE can provide insights as our challenges continue with increasingly complex, uncertain, ambiguous, and integrated entities struggling to thrive in the future. The paper explores three central topics. First, the concept of enterprise is introduced as a central aspect of the future focus for SE, as recognized in the INCOSE SE Vision 2035. Second, a more detailed examination of the enterprise concept is developed in relationship to SE. The thrust of this examination is to understand the nature and role of ‘enterprise’ across a broad spectrum of literature and knowledge, ultimately providing a more informed perspective of enterprise for SE. As part of this exploration, a bibliometric analysis of the term ‘enterprise’ is performed. This exploration extracts key themes (clusters) in the ‘enterprise’ literature. Third, challenges for further development and inculcation of ‘enterprise’ within the SE discipline and support for realization of the SE 2035 Vision are suggested. These challenges point out the need to ‘think differently’ about ‘enterprise’ within the SE context. ‘Enterprise’ is proposed as a central, albeit different, perspective for the SE discipline. Finally, the paper closes with a first–generation perspective for ‘enterprise’ in pursuit of the SE Vision 2035.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Systems Engineering Project - Tritium
The purpose of this project is to apply a systems engineering method to a programmatic improvement or implementation of a system found within the Weapons and Complex Integration (WCI) Nuclear Materials Technology Program (NMTP) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This project identifies an opportunity for improvement of the Tritium Processing Station (TPS) based on key stakeholder requirements. This document will cover the generation of the selected concept, system operational context and use cases, the production of verifiable engineering requirements, functional decomposition, and an assessment of risk via a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).
42 ENGINEERING↗
Modeling Biomass Feedstock National User Facility with Model Based System Engineering Approach
Model Biomass Feedstock National User Facility (BFNUF) to reduce cost and speed up the development to meet Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2030 mission. Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) detects problems early in the system which reduces cost and speeds up the development and is used for modeling BFNUF.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Systems Theory Principles and Complex Systems Engineering Concepts for Protection and Resilience in Critical Infrastructure: Lessons from the Nuclear Sector
Part of the Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) (PPD 2013) mandate includes evaluating safety, security, and safeguards (or nonproliferation) mechanisms traditionally implemented within the nuclear reactors, materials, and waste sector of critical infrastructure—including a complex, dynamic set of risks and threats within an all-hazards approach. In response, research out of Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) explores the ability of systems theory principles (hierarchy and emergence) and complex systems engineering concepts (multidomain interdependence) to better understand and address these risks and threats. Herein, this Sandia research explores the safety, safeguards, and security risks of three different nuclear sector-related activities—spent nuclear fuel transportation, small modular reactors, and portable nuclear power reactors—to investigate the complex and dynamic risk related to the PPD-21-mandated all-hazards approach. This research showed that a systems-theoretic approach can better identify inter-dependencies, conflicts, gaps, and leverage points across traditional safety, security, and safeguards hazard mitigation strategies in the nuclear reactors, materials, and waste sector. Resulting from this, mitigation strategies from applying systems theoretic principles and complex systems engineering concepts can be (1) designed to better capture interdependencies, (2) implemented to better align with real-world operational uncertainties, and (3) evaluated as a systems-level whole to better identify, characterize, and manage PPD-21's all hazards strategies.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Circular Economy - A challenge and an opportunity for Process Systems Engineering
Rising populations put huge stresses on natural resources. Extraction and depletion of raw materials and waste created throughout the supply chain of products have enormous environmental and socioeconomic impacts. One way to reduce these impacts is through the move towards the circular economy (CE). CE aims to solve resource, waste, and emission challenges confronting society by creating a production-to-consumption total supply chain that is restorative, regenerative, and environmentally benign. This article highlights research challenges and identifies process systems engineering (PSE) research opportunities to assist in the understanding, analysis and optimization of CE supply chains. A motivating example on the supply chain of coffee is introduced to illustrate the challenges of the transition towards a CE and to propose PSE research opportunities.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Morphological Approach to the Automation of Design Proposals for Engineering Systems
Abstract—Discursive and intuitive methods that may be used in developing design proposals for engineering systems are considered. One option is an expanded morphological approach. By that means, the structuring of the problem may be refined and ordered; the validity of the solution may be improved; and the set of possible choices may be broadened. As a result, systems of higher quality may be developed.
42 ENGINEERING↗
IEA Wind TCP Task 37: Systems Engineering in Wind Energy - WP2.1 Reference Wind Turbines
This report describes two wind turbine models developed within the second work package (WP2) of IEA Wind Task 37 on Wind Energy Systems Engineering: Integrated RD&D. The wind turbine models aim at acting as references for future research projects on wind energy, representing a modern land-based wind turbine and a next generation offshore wind turbine. The land-based design is a class IIIA geared configuration with a rated electrical power of 3.4-megawatts, a rotor diameter of 130 meters (m), and a hub height of 110 m. The offshore design is a class IA configuration with a rated electrical power of 10.0 megawatts, a rotor diameter of 198 m, and a hub height of 119 m. The offshore turbine adopts a direct-drive generator.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Gaseous fuel engine system operating strategy including hydrogen fueling amount based on performance target
Operating a gaseous fuel engine system includes outputting control commands to a first fuel admission valve and a second fuel admission valve to admit, respectively, a gaseous fuel blend containing a gaseous hydrogen fuel (H 2 ), and additional H 2 , into a gaseous fuel engine. An amount of the additional H 2 is determined by way of the respective control command based on a performance target for an engine parameter varying on the basis of a relative amount of H 2 in a combustion charge. Related apparatus and control logic is also disclosed.
Singh, Jaswinder↗
A systems engineering vision for floating offshore wind cost optimization
The U.S. offshore wind resource potential is immense, and often in close proximity to densely-populated coastal load centers. In many U.S. coastal areas, water depths favor the deployment of floating over fixed-bottom offshore wind technology. Floating offshore wind plants have the potential to be cost-competitive with fixed-bottom installations, but because the technology has not yet been deployed at commercial scale, it is not clear when and with what configurations this potential cost parity can be achieved. This article first reviews the state of floating offshore wind technology and deployments to identify key gaps that must be addressed to bring down the overall cost of energy produced. The article then puts forth a long-term vision for a research program and design methodology that may be able to push floating wind plants toward a lower levelized cost of energy than fixed-bottom offshore wind. The method involves a fully integrated systems-engineering and techno-economic design approach to capture the complex interactions between the physics, manufacturing, installation, and operation of floating wind turbines to achieve transformational cost reductions. The approach also envisions multifidelity and uncertainty management strategies to examine the most robust and viable concepts in the design trade-space. To better focus the computational resources, engineering lessons learned from existing offshore wind systems and concept studies are used to develop a set of criteria that can be applied to prefilter candidate technology building blocks that have the greatest cost reduction potential.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
A Power Application Developer’s Guide to the Common Information Model: An Introduction for Power Systems Engineers and Application Developers – CIM17v40
A key issue in creating the next generation of energy management system (EMS) and advanced distribution management system (ADMS) platforms will be the ability to represent and exchange power system network model data in a consistent manner. To this end, the Common Information Model (CIM) stands out as the only standardized vocabulary (or ontology) for defining power system network models and asset data in a comprehensive, consistent manner across the generation-transmission-distribution boundary. The CIM is freely available to use and extend. The CIM is maintained by the UCAiug (informally known as the CIM User’s Group) under an Apache 2.0 license. The CIM Users Group collaborates with the IEC and other standards communities for the development of technical and informative specifications. Although portions of the information model are referred to by the corresponding IEC standards naming, it is not necessary to purchase any of the IEC standards to use the CIM information model. This document provides a roadmap for power system engineers and application developers not familiar with semantic modeling to start using the CIM for modeling, simulation, optimization, and development of advanced power applications. The key classes needed for defining power system topology and equipment are explained systematically. Key focus areas include modeling of lines, transformers, generators, switching equipment, loads, and distributed energy resources (DERs).
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗