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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1977

A method for measuring aircraft height and velocity using dual television cameras

A unique electronic optical technique, consisting of two closed circuit television cameras and timing electronics, was devised to measure an aircraft's horizontal velocity and height above ground without the need for airborne cooperative devices. The system is intended to be used where the aircraft has a predictable flight path and a height of less than 660 meters (2,000 feet) at or near the end of an air terminal runway, but is suitable for greater aircraft altitudes whenever the aircraft remains visible. Two television cameras, pointed at zenith, are placed in line with the expected path of travel of the aircraft. Velocity is determined by measuring the time it takes the aircraft to travel the measured distance between cameras. Height is determined by correlating this speed with the time required to cross the field of view of either camera. Preliminary tests with a breadboard version of the system and a small model aircraft indicate the technique is feasible.

Young, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Television optics for the Voyager mission to Jupiter and Saturn

This paper is concerned with the optical portion of the Voyager spacecraft imaging science subsystem (ISS). After a brief description of the Voyager mission and its photographic aspects, the functional requirements for the television optics are outlined. Environmental considerations that constrained the design are summarized. One section of the paper is devoted to radiation testing and its impact on the design of the wide-angle optics. The main portion of this report, however, is devoted to a description of the Voyager television optics. Finally, Voyager imagery results that are current with the preparation of this paper are presented.

Snyder, L.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Low-light-level television measurements of lightning

Nighttime observations of lightning were conducted using a low-light-level television system at the Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research in New Mexico. The number of strokes per flash, the interstroke intervals, and flash durations of cloud-to-ground activity were measured for storms ranging from 50 to 200 km away from the observation site. The flash frequency was also obtained for a severe storm system at a distance of 320 km. Some comparisons of the data are made with results obtained from previous television and photographic lightning observations.

Clifton, K. S.↗

NASA NTRS1981

ATS-6 engineering performance report. Volume 4: Television experiments

Experiments sponsored by the US Department of Health Education and Welfare are discussed, including telecommunications, Alaskan health service, Appalachian education satellite project, and the University of the West Indies. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment in India is reviewed. Independent television experiments are addressed, including AIDSAT and Project Look Up.

Wales, R. O.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Compressed television transmission: A market survey

NASA's compressed television transmission technology is described, and its potential market is considered; a market that encompasses teleconferencing, remote medical diagnosis, patient monitoring, transit station surveillance, as well as traffic management and control. In addition, current and potential television transmission systems and their costs and potential manufacturers are considered.

Lizak, R. M.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Noninterlaced-To-Interlaced Television-Scan Converter

Computer text and ordinary images displayed together without text jitter. Scan converter enables superposition of alphanumerical text generated by computer-driven video generator on National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard interlaced-scan image. Made of commercially available integrated circuits and operates in conjunction with NTSC synchronizing-signal generator. Standard television picture transmitted in two interlaced fields. Without scan converter, text image moves up and down by one line as fields change. With scan converter, text image stands still.

Morales, Sergio↗

NASA NTRS1989

Arc-Light Reflector For Television Weld Monitoring

Conical, stainless-steel mirror attached to end of welding torch improves distribution of light on work-piece as welding monitored through torch by television. Television monitoring protects operators from intense arc light and facilitates automated welding. Simple, small, and easy to install and remove, mirror relatively nonintrusive.

Gordon, Stephen S.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Television monitor field shifter and an opto-electronic method for obtaining a stereo image of optimal depth resolution and reduced depth distortion on a single screen

A method and apparatus for obtaining a stereo image with reduced depth distortion and optimum depth resolution. Static and dynamic depth distortion and depth resolution trade-off is provided. Cameras obtaining the images for a stereo view are converged at a convergence point behind the object to be presented in the image, and (a) the collection-surface-to-object distance, (b) the camera separation distance, and (c) the focal lengths of zoom lenses for the camera are all increased. Doubling the distances cuts the static depth distortion in half while maintaining image size and depth resolution. Dynamic depth distortion is minimized by panning a stereo view-collecting camera system about a circle which passes through the convergence point and the cameras' first nodal points. Horizontal field shifting of the television fields on a television monitor brings both the monitor and the stereo views within the viewer's limit of binocular fusion.

Daniel B Diner↗

NASA NTRS1996

Generating Stereoscopic Television Images With One Camera

Straightforward technique for generating stereoscopic television images involves use of single television camera translated laterally between left- and right-eye positions. Camera acquires one of images (left- or right-eye image), and video signal from image delayed while camera translated to position where it acquires other image. Length of delay chosen so both images displayed simultaneously or as nearly simultaneously as necessary to obtain stereoscopic effect. Technique amenable to zooming in on small areas within broad scenes. Potential applications include three-dimensional viewing of geological features and meteorological events from spacecraft and aircraft, inspection of workpieces moving along conveyor belts, and aiding ground and water search-and-rescue operations. Also used to generate and display imagery for public education and general information, and possible for medical purposes.

Coan, Paul P.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Boeing Satellite Television Airplane Receiving System (STARS) performance

Boeing Defense and Space Group is developing a Satellite Television Airplane Receiving System (STARS) capable of delivering Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television to an aircraft in-flight. This enables a new service for commercial airplanes that will make use of existing and future DBS systems. The home entertainment satellites, along with STARS, provide a new mobile satellite communication application. This paper will provide a brief background of the antenna issues associated with STARS for commercial airplanes and then describe the innovative Boeing phased-array solution to these problems. The paper then provides a link budget of the STARS using the Hughes DBS as an example, but the system will work with all of the proposed DBS satellites in the 12.2-12.7 GHz band. It concludes with operational performance calculations of the STARS system, supported by measured test data of an operational 16-element subarray. Although this system is being developed for commercial airplanes, it is well suited for a wide variety of mobile military and other commercial communications systems in air, on land and at sea. The applications include sending high quality video for the digital battlefield and large volumes of data on the information superhighway at rates in excess of 350 Mbps.

Vertatschitsch, Edward J.↗

NASA NTRS1998

Improving Acoustic Models by Watching Television

Obtaining sufficient labelled training data is a persistent difficulty for speech recognition research. Although well transcribed data is expensive to produce, there is a constant stream of challenging speech data and poor transcription broadcast as closed-captioned television. We describe a reliable unsupervised method for identifying accurately transcribed sections of these broadcasts, and show how these segments can be used to train a recognition system. Starting from acoustic models trained on the Wall Street Journal database, a single iteration of our training method reduced the word error rate on an independent broadcast television news test set from 62.2% to 59.5%.

Witbrock, Michael J.↗

NASA NTRS2000

High-Definition Television (HDTV) Images for Earth Observations and Earth Science Applications

As part of Detailed Test Objective 700-17A, astronauts acquired Earth observation images from orbit using a high-definition television (HDTV) camcorder, Here we provide a summary of qualitative findings following completion of tests during missions STS (Space Transport System)-93 and STS-99. We compared HDTV imagery stills to images taken using payload bay video cameras, Hasselblad film camera, and electronic still camera. We also evaluated the potential for motion video observations of changes in sunlight and the use of multi-aspect viewing to image aerosols. Spatial resolution and color quality are far superior in HDTV images compared to National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) video images. Thus, HDTV provides the first viable option for video-based remote sensing observations of Earth from orbit. Although under ideal conditions, HDTV images have less spatial resolution than medium-format film cameras, such as the Hasselblad, under some conditions on orbit, the HDTV image acquired compared favorably with the Hasselblad. Of particular note was the quality of color reproduction in the HDTV images HDTV and electronic still camera (ESC) were not compared with matched fields of view, and so spatial resolution could not be compared for the two image types. However, the color reproduction of the HDTV stills was truer than colors in the ESC images. As HDTV becomes the operational video standard for Space Shuttle and Space Station, HDTV has great potential as a source of Earth-observation data. Planning for the conversion from NTSC to HDTV video standards should include planning for Earth data archiving and distribution.

Robinson, Julie A.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Results of a Telephone Survey of Television Station Managers Concerning the NASA SCI Files(TM) and NASA CONNECT(TM)

A telephone survey of television station managers concerning 2 instructional television programs, the NASA SCI Files(TM) and NASA CONNECT(TM), offered by the NASA Langley Center for Distance Learning (CDL) was conducted. Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.1 percent) or satisfied (19.9 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of the NASA SCI Files(TM). Using a 4-point scale, with 4 being very satisfied, survey participants reported that they were either very satisfied (77.9 percent) or satisfied (19.1 percent) with the overall (educational and technical) quality of NASA CONNECT(TM) .

Pinelli, Thomas E.↗

NASA NTRS1965