Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “USA”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3

Comparison of Daily, Monthly (Lunar), Yearly, Decadal, Quarter-Century, Half-Century, and Centurial Shoreline Change Rates at the Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA

The Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is North America’s premier spaceport and provides crucial access to space for both government and private entities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) facilities are clustered along a 12 km active shoreline at Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA, with the entire NASA and US Space Force station (SF) shoreline stretching over 32 km (Figure 1). Several Launch Complexes (LC’s) including the modern heavy lift facilities are only a few tens of meters from the active shoreline and are imminently threatened by continued sea level rise and ongoing coastal erosion. The space center was built on the northern part of Cape Canaveral. Images collected in 1943 show that Apollo Heavy Lift Launch Complexes were built in swales on ground that was at or below sea level with Launch Complex 39B constructed on a paleo inlet (Figures 2 and 3). Today the Heavy Lift Launch Complexes are ~220 meters from the shoreline with the area between the complexes retreating at the highest rates along the cape (Figure 4). To better understand the intersection of environmental concerns, limited budgets for shoreline protection, and sheltering critical infrastructure; NASA, The University of Florida, United States Geological Survey (USGS), National Park Service (NPS) and contractors have and continue to conduct numerous studies to characterize and understand the shoreline evolution and rates of change at KSC. This project aims to better understand and visualize the temporal and spatial variability of change along the NASA shoreline beyond a simple point to point solution.

Richard MacKenzie III↗

Formational History and Geomorphic Preservation of Sea Level Highstands Over the Last 150 ky Near Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA

Cape Canaveral, Florida, is perhaps one of the most important stretches of coastline in the United States of America (USA) due to its critical strategic role in the pursuit of space exploration and as the locus of advanced technological innovation. Due to its geographical setting, the entirety of Cape Canaveral, including its infrastructure, facilities, and important natural habitats (e.g., wetlands, estuaries and dunes) is vulnerable to coastal hazards such as continued sea level rise, storm surges, erosion and flooding. As such, accurate sea level characterization and coastal resiliency predictions are essential to promoting long-term coastal planning and sustainability in the area. This study aims to better understand the temporal and spatial evolution of this area with the purpose of more accurately documenting historical sea level fluctuations and calibrating more localized projections at this site. The Cape Canaveral coastline is situated on a passive margin mostly affected by oceanic (sea level change and wave impact) and atmospheric (aeolian) alteration. This sector is part of the east Florida coast microtidal (1.2 m) setting and low wave energy (1.2-1.6 m and 6.1-8.2 sec for average significant waves) regime and is defined by a well delineated set of beach ridge or cape systems. While the name “Cape Canaveral” is often used as a generic term to describe the geographic area, it is actually an amalgamation or complex of multiple preserved capes. The preserved Cape Canaveral beach ridge plain has largely documented the paleo-sea level highstand history over the last 150 ky. High-resolution mapping of these beach ridges is completed using GPS, LiDAR, aerial, as well as satellite imagery. In order to reconstruct the formational history of the Cape Kennedy Complex and the preserved record of sea level highstands, these detailed geomorphological observations are integrated with OSL and C14 dating techniques. The chronological framework delineated by the OSL dates coupled with detailed geomorphological mapping allows for the creation of high-resolution calibrated site-specific sea level curves that reflect the local environmental and geological conditions. This refinement has the potential to improve the understanding of past sea level variability which is crucial for predicting future trends and assessing the impacts on coastal regions such as Cape Canaveral.

geomorphology↗

Mineralogical Characterization of a Potential Mars-Analog Field Site: Gypsum- and Carbonate-Bearing Formations in the Quebradas Back Country, New Mexico, USA

The Quebradas Back Country field site is located approximately six miles east of Socorro, NM, USA and provides access to Pennsylvanian and Permian age sedimentary formations that record environments ranging from lacustrine to hypersaline supratidal mudflats in deposits of carbonate, sulfate, and clay minerals. These deposits demonstrate a critical climate transition from cold and wet to largely arid conditions, which may parallel the drying of ancient Mars. The Quebradas sulfate and carbonate deposits can provide insight into the formation and weathering of Mars-relevant sulfates and elucidate potential causes for the prevalence of calcium sulfate and paucity of calcium carbonate on Mars. Deciphering the environmental cues held within evaporites is particularly timely now with mounting evidence for sulfate-rich fluids in Jezero crater and the Curiosity rover analyzing the sulfate-bearing unit in Gale crater.

S J Ralston↗

Space Launch System Block-1b USA Separation Analysis and Requirements Derivation From CLVTOPS Toolchain

Ensuring that rocket stage separation events provide positive clearance is critical to avoid loss of mission or crew. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed a cutting-edge toolchain to address this type of problem and it was used to set abstracted impulse requirements on, and to analyze the results of, the in-space separation event of the Universal Stage Adapter (USA) and the Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) of NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) Block-1B configuration. The toolchain is used as a hardware simulation to confirm positive body-to-body clearance during the separation event. It is also used to create a requirements-space simulation, which helps inform requirements as the hardware design matures.

Zachary T Muscha↗

SLS Block-1B USA Separation Analysis and Requirements Evaluation Using the CLVTOPS Toolchain

Ensuring that rocket stage separation events provide positive clearance is critical to avoid loss of mission or crew. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed a cutting-edge toolchain to address this type of problem and it was used to set abstracted impulse requirements on, and to analyze the results of, the in-space separation event of the Universal Stage Adapter (USA) and the Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) of NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) Block-1B configuration. The toolchain is used as a hardware simulation to confirm positive body-to-body clearance during the separation event. It is also used to create a requirements-space simulation, which helps inform requirements as the hardware design matures.

Zach Muscha↗

Using SMAP Level-4 Soil Moisture to Constrain MOD16 Evapotranspiration over the Contiguous USA

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key hydrologic variable linking the Earth’s water, carbon and energy cycles. At large spatial scales, remote sensing-based (RS) models are often used to quantify ET. Despite the large number of RS ET models available, few include soil moisture as a key environmental input, which can degrade model accuracy and utility. Here, we use model assimilation enhanced soil moisture estimates from the NASA SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) mission as a water supply control in the MOD16 ET algorithm framework. SMAP-derived daily surface (0-5cm depth) and root zone (0-1m depth) soil moisture are used with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) vegetation observations, and 4km gridded regional surface meteorology (Gridmet) as primary inputs for estimating daily ET and underlying model soil and stomatal conductance terms. We calibrated the model environmental response parameters using tower eddy covariance ET observations representing major North American biomes. The model ET results were validated using a holdout set of tower observations spanning a large regional climate gradient. The updated ET estimates outperform the baseline MOD16 product across all tower validation sites (RMSE = 0.758 vs 1.108 mm day-1; R2 = 0.68 vs0.45, respectively). Smaller relative improvements were obtained using a recalibrated model with 4km Gridmet meteorology, but no soil moisture control (RMSE = 0.813 mm day-1; R2 = 0.66), indicating that these changes are essential for the improved model performance. The soil moisture-constrained model improvements and relative benefits from the SMAP observations are greater in arid climates, consistent with stronger soil moisture control on ET in water-limited regions. The use of SMAP soil moisture as an additional model constraint improves MOD16 regional performance and provides a new framework for investigating both soil and atmosphere controls on ET.

SMAP↗

Oceanographic Interpretation of Apollo Photographs. Coastal Oceanographic and Sedimentologic Interpretation of Apollo 9 Space Photographs; Carolina's Continental Shelf, USA

Apollo 9 photographs, color band separations, and oceanographic and meteorological data are used in the study of the origin, movement, and dissipation of masses of discolored water near the shores of North and South Carolina. A model has been developed incorporating jet theory, climatology, currents, surface temperatures, color separations, and other oceanographic data to explain the processes involved in the life cycle of the discolored water masses. Special treatment is afforded the Gulf Stream boundary definition and the Cape Hatteras oceanographic barrier.

Mairs, R. L.↗

Apollo Soyuz test project. USA-USSR, fact sheet

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) is discussed. The United States and the Soviet Union have agreed to develop compatible rendezvous and docking systems which will provide a basis for docking and rescue on future spacecraft of both nations. The ASTP mission will include testing the rendezvous system in orbit, verifying techniques for transfer of astronauts and cosmonauts, and conducting experiments while docked and undocked. Diagrams of the spacecraft and systems involved in the tests are presented. The prime contractors for the equipment are identified. Biographical data on the astronauts participating in the program are provided.

Source record↗

Engineering principles to assure compatible docking between future spacecraft of USA and USSR

An androgynous peripheral type docking mechanism concept selected by the U.S. and the USSR is described. The rationale supporting the selection of the concept, the mechanical principles inherent to the concept, and the probable nature of future designs stemming from the concept are discussed. Operational situations prior to docking, impact conditions, energy absorption, and structural joining of two spacecraft are examined.

Johnson, C. C.↗