AWAKEN Site A1 - PNNL Surface Met Station / Raw Data
This dataset contains low-speed weather information and anemometer data from AWAKEN Site A1.
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AWAKEN Site H - PNNL Surface Met Station / Raw Data
This dataset contains low-speed weather information and anemometer data from AWAKEN Site H.
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AWAKEN Site A1 - NREL Profiling Lidar (Windcube v2.1) / Derived Data
Profiling lidar (Windcube v2.1) deployed at AWAKEN site A1, derived data. The derived data files herein are based on the lidar's STA files (i.e., the 10-min average data files).
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AWAKEN Site A1 - NREL Profiling Lidar (Windcube v2.1) / Raw Data
This dataset contains raw data from NREL's profiling lidar (Windcube v2.1) at AWAKEN site A1. Two data types are included here: 1) STA files, which have 10-minute average data, and 2) RTD files, which have real time data, at about 1 Hz resolution.
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AWAKEN Site A1 - NREL Profiling Lidar (Windcube v2.1) / Reviewed Data
Profiling lidar (Windcube v2.1) reviewed data deployed at AWAKEN site A1. The reviewed files herein are based on the lidar's RTD files (i.e., the real-time raw data files at near 1 Hz resolution).
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AWAKEN Site A1 Lidar (Cornell University) / 10-minute averages
This dataset contains vertical profiling lidar data from the AWAKEN A1 site. This is a ZephIR-300.
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AWAKEN Site H Lidar / 10-minute averages
This dataset contains vertical profiling lidar data from the AWAKEN H site. This is a ZephIR-300.
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AWAKEN Site A1 HALO XR Lidar (Cornell University) / Raw Data
These data are scanning Doppler lidar measurements from the deployment of a HALO XR at AWAKEN site A1. The measurements include calibrated beam azimuth angles, radial velocity, backscatter, signal to noise ratio per each line of sight, and range-gate.
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AWAKEN Site A2 Profiling Lidar (Windcube v2.1) / Raw Data
This dataset contains raw data from the profiling lidar (Windcube v2.1) at AWAKEN site A2. Two data types are included here: 1) STA files, which have 10-minute average data, and 2) RTD files, which have real time data, at about 1 Hz resolution.
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AWAKEN Site H HALO XR Lidar / Raw Data
These data are scanning Doppler lidar measurements from the deployment of a HALO XR at AWAKEN site H. The measurements include calibrated beam azimuth angles, radial velocity, backscatter, signal to noise ratio per each line of sight, and range-gate.
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AWAKEN Site C1 UTD Surface Met Station / Reviewed Data
This dataset contains reviewed data from the AWAKEN Site C1 UTD Surface Met Station.
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AWAKEN Site H Lidar \/ 10-minute averages (Cornell University) / Raw Data
This dataset contains vertical profiling lidar data from the AWAKEN H site. This is a ZephIR-300.
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AWAKEN Site H HALO XR Lidar (Cornell University) / Raw Data
These data are scanning Doppler lidar measurements from the deployment of a HALO XR at AWAKEN site H. The measurements include calibrated beam azimuth angles, radial velocity, backscatter, signal to noise ratio per each line of sight, and range-gate.
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WINDPROF: Merged Best-Estimate Wind Profile Data – Site A1 (AWAKEN Campaign)
WINDPROF provides 10-minute wind and turbulence profiles, integrating Doppler lidars and anemometers during the AWAKEN campaign. Key data include wind speed, direction, vertical velocity, and turbulence parameters, with standardized quality control (e.g., instrument-specific thresholds and inter-instrument validation). Profiles are interpolated to a height grid (20 m spacing below 100 m; 30 m above) and include uncertainty estimates, offering reproducible methods for atmospheric research, model validation, and wind energy studies.
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WINDPROF: Merged Best-Estimate Wind Profile Data – Site A2 (AWAKEN Campaign)
WINDPROF provides 10-minute wind and turbulence profiles, integrating Doppler lidars and anemometers during the AWAKEN campaign. Key data include wind speed, direction, vertical velocity, and turbulence parameters, with standardized quality control (e.g., instrument-specific thresholds and inter-instrument validation). Profiles are interpolated to a height grid (20 m spacing below 100 m; 30 m above) and include uncertainty estimates, offering reproducible methods for atmospheric research, model validation, and wind energy studies.
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WINDPROF: Merged Best-Estimate Wind Profile Data – Site H (AWAKEN Campaign)
WINDPROF provides 10-minute wind and turbulence profiles, integrating Doppler lidars and anemometers during the AWAKEN campaign. Key data include wind speed, direction, vertical velocity, and turbulence parameters, with standardized quality control (e.g., instrument-specific thresholds and inter-instrument validation). Profiles are interpolated to a height grid (20 m spacing below 100 m; 30 m above) and include uncertainty estimates, offering reproducible methods for atmospheric research, model validation, and wind energy studies.
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Investigation of onshore wind farm wake recovery with in situ aircraft measurements during AWAKEN
The share of wind power for electricity supply is increasing worldwide. This highly variable resource requires the improved prediction of power output for network stability. The interaction between wind farm wakes and the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) introduces uncertainties in power production that warrant detailed investigation. The flow downwind of wind farms is characterized by a reduction in wind speed and an increase in turbulence, which both vary with atmospheric conditions. During the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN), the Technische Universität Braunschweig conducted measurement flights with a research aircraft upwind and downwind of onshore wind farms in the southern Great Plains in Oklahoma in the USA. This study utilizes data from 20 flights conducted at approximately hub height in September 2023 to investigate the wind field variability downwind of the wind farms and vertical profiles to observe atmospheric stratification. The flights were aligned perpendicular to the main wind direction downwind of the King Plains and Armadillo Flats wind farms. Additionally, lidar data from both upwind and downwind ground-based measurement sites and sonic anemometer data were used for comprehensive analysis. Results indicate that under stable ABL conditions, the wake persists at greater downwind distances with a higher velocity deficit in the wake relative to the undisturbed flow compared to unstable stratification. In homogeneous terrain under stable conditions, wake recovery to 95 % occurs between a distance of 4.5 and 9 km downwind of the wind farm. In the semi-complex terrain characterized by shallow hills, slopes, and valleys, the wake exhibits a higher velocity deficit compared to homogeneous terrain, while in some cases the wake was amplified by the terrain resulting in higher velocity deficit 10 km downwind of the wind farm compared to the measurements closer to the wind farm. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and “TKE difference” was found to be a valuable measure in understanding wakes in a semi-complex terrain, showing a clear wake recovery and formation depending on the stratification of the ABL.
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AWAKEN-ABLWF22 CLAMPS1 Doppler Lidar Vertical Velocity Profiles
These files contain 24 hour periods of data collected from the CLAMPS1 Halo Streamline Doppler lidar. While not conducting other scans, the lidar directs the beam to zenith, allowing for the measurement of vertical velocity. These data were collected during the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) project. The CLAMPS1 facility was deployed at the Rolling Meadows Golf Course east of Enid, OK.
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