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DOE OSTI2018

Efficient, Parallel At-scale Correlation Analysis for Atom Probe Tomography on Hybrid Architectures

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a material probing technique that has undergone dramatic improvements in its capability to map individual atoms within a material sample resulting in data files with hundreds of millions of atoms. Understanding the nano-structural features hidden in these massive amounts of atomic data is a crucial analysis task for materials scientists. However, fast analysis capabilities for large APT workloads remains a critical bottleneck. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and detailed performance evaluations of a parallel software capable of efficiently performing extremely time-consuming correlation analyses of massive high density APT data. Starting with shared memory implementations to motivate our design choices, we extend the implementation to hybrid architectures keeping realistic APT workloads in mind. Detailed performance analyses of three different parallel implementations of the software are supported by empirical results on a Cray XC30 and a Cray XC40 architecture. Its usefulness is demonstrated by reducing the turnaround time of an end-to-end APT correlation analysis on 100 millions atoms by three orders of magnitude using 2048 MPI ranks on 1024 nodes (24 cores per node) of a Cray XC30. The software reported here equips material scientists for the first time with a high-speed scalable capability for efficient and timely analyses of massive APT data.

Lu, Hao↗

DOE OSTI2012

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF A LARGE SAMPLE OF NARROW-LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES: LINKING CENTRAL ENGINE AND HOST PROPERTIES

We present a statistical study of a large, homogeneously analyzed sample of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, accompanied by a comparison sample of broad-line Seyfert 1 (BLS1) galaxies. Optical emission-line and continuum properties are subjected to correlation analyses, in order to identify the main drivers of the correlation space of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and of NLS1 galaxies in particular. For the first time, we have established the density of the narrow-line region as a key parameter in Eigenvector 1 space, as important as the Eddington ratio L/L{sub Edd}. This is important because it links the properties of the central engine with the properties of the host galaxy, i.e., the interstellar medium (ISM). We also confirm previously found correlations involving the line width of H{beta} and the strength of the Fe II and [O III] {lambda}5007 emission lines, and we confirm the important role played by L/L{sub Edd} in driving the properties of NLS1 galaxies. A spatial correlation analysis shows that large-scale environments of the BLS1 and NLS1 galaxies of our sample are similar. If mergers are rare in our sample, accretion-driven winds, on the one hand, or bar-driven inflows, on the other hand, may account for the strong dependence of Eigenvector 1 on ISM density.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS2019

Test and Analysis Correlation for Sandwich Composite Longitudinal Joint Specimens

The NASA Composite Technology for Exploration (CTE) project is tasked with evaluating methods to analyze and manufacture composite joints for potential use in block upgrades to the Space Launch System (SLS) launch-vehicle structures such as the Payload Attach Fitting (PAF). To perform this task, the CTE project has initiated test and analysis correlation studies for composite joints under various loading conditions. Herein, NASA-developed numerical models are correlated with the experimental results from a series of tension tests. Pretest strain results matched the far-field test data well, but did not capture the nonlinear response in the vicinity of the joint. A refined pretest analytical model was modified to represent progressive failure of the specimens at failure locations observed during the experimental tests. The nonlinear strain response from this progressive failure model predicted the delamination failure load within 15% of the test data, but underpredicted the nonlinearity of the strain response. Further study of composite material models that account for the nonlinear shear response of fabric composites is recommended for the composite joint structures considered in this paper.

Mason, Brian H.↗

DOE OSTI2015

CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN TIBET AS-γ TeV COSMIC RAY AND WMAP NINE-YEAR DATA

The WMAP team subtracted template-based foreground models to produce foreground-reduced maps, and masked point sources and uncertain sky regions directly; however, whether foreground residuals exist in the WMAP foreground-reduced maps is still an open question. Here, we use Pearson correlation coefficient analysis with AS-γ TeV cosmic ray (CR) data to probe possible foreground residuals in the WMAP nine-year data. The correlation results between the CR and foreground-contained maps (WMAP foreground-unreduced maps, WMAP template-based, and Maximum Entropy Method foreground models) suggest that: (1) CRs can trace foregrounds in the WMAP data; (2) at least some TeV CRs originate from the Milky Way; (3) foregrounds may be related to the existence of CR anisotropy (loss-cone and tail-in structures); (4) there exist differences among different types of foregrounds in the decl. range of <15°. Then, we generate 10,000 mock cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky maps to describe the cosmic variance, which is used to measure the effect of the fluctuations of all possible CMB maps to the correlations between CR and CMB maps. Finally, we do correlation analysis between the CR and WMAP foreground-reduced maps, and find that: (1) there are significant anticorrelations; and (2) the WMAP foreground-reduced maps are credible. However, the significant anticorrelations may be accidental, and the higher signal-to-noise ratio Planck SMICA map cannot reject the hypothesis of accidental correlations. We therefore can only conclude that the foreground residuals exist with ∼95% probability.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Interactive Correlation Analysis and Visualization of Climate Data

The relationship between our ability to analyze and extract insights from visualization of climate model output and the capability of the available resources to make those visualizations has reached a crisis point. The large volume of data currently produced by climate models is overwhelming the current, decades-old visualization workflow. The traditional methods for visualizing climate output also have not kept pace with changes in the types of grids used, the number of variables involved, and the number of different simulations performed with a climate model or the feature-richness of high-resolution simulations. This project has developed new and faster methods for visualization in order to get the most knowledge out of the new generation of high-resolution climate models. While traditional climate images will continue to be useful, there is need for new approaches to visualization and analysis of climate data if we are to gain all the insights available in ultra-large data sets produced by high-resolution model output and ensemble integrations of climate models such as those produced for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Towards that end, we have developed new visualization techniques for performing correlation analysis. We have also introduced highly scalable, parallel rendering methods for visualizing large-scale 3D data. This project was done jointly with climate scientists and visualization researchers at Argonne National Laboratory and NCAR.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Testing and Analysis Correlation of a Large-Scale Composite Sandwich Longitudinal Bonded Joint for Space Launch Vehicle Structures

The NASA Composite Technology for Exploration (CTE) Project is developing and demonstrating critical composite technologies with a focus on composite bonded joints; incorporating materials, design/analysis, manufacturing, and tests that utilize NASA’s expertise and capabilities. The project has goals of advancing composite technologies and providing lightweight structures to support future NASA exploration missions. In particular, the CTE project will demonstrate weight-saving, performance-enhancing composite bonded joint technology for Space Launch System (SLS)-scale composite hardware. Advancements from the CTE project may be incorporated as future block upgrades for SLS structural components. This paper discusses the details of the development of a composite sandwich bonded longitudinal joint for a generic space launch vehicle structure called the CTE Point Design. This paper reports on the large-scale longitudinal bonded joint test articles that were fabricated and tested under axial compressive loading conditions to test the capability of the bonded joint design for buckling and joint failure. Test and analysis correlation of an as-manufactured undamaged longitudinal bonded joint panel are presented in the paper for tests to the onset of buckling and panel failure. Analysis predictions for buckling initiation and panel failure were both within 10% of the longitudinal bonded joint panel test results. This testing and analysis provide confidence in the potential use of composite bonded joints for future launch vehicle structures.

David W Sleight↗

DOE OSTI2016

Correlation analysis on real-time tab-delimited network monitoring data

End-End performance monitoring in the Internet, also called PingER is a part of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory’s research project. It was created to answer the growing need to monitor network both to analyze current performance and to designate resources to optimize execution between research centers, and the universities and institutes co-operating on present and future operations. The monitoring support reflects the broad geographical area of the collaborations and requires a comprehensive number of research and financial channels. The data architecture retrieval and methodology of the interpretation have emerged over numerous years. Analyzing this data is the main challenge due to its high volume. Finally, by using correlation analysis, we can make crucial conclusions about how the network data affects the performance of the hosts and how it depends from countries to countries.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2014

Precursory signatures of protein folding/unfolding: From time series correlation analysis to atomistic mechanisms

Folded conformations of proteins in thermodynamically stable states have long lifetimes. Before it folds into a stable conformation, or after unfolding from a stable conformation, the protein will generally stray from one random conformation to another leading thus to rapid fluctuations. Brief structural changes therefore occur before folding and unfolding events. These short-lived movements are easily overlooked in studies of folding/unfolding for they represent momentary excursions of the protein to explore conformations in the neighborhood of the stable conformation. The present study looks for precursory signatures of protein folding/unfolding within these rapid fluctuations through a combination of three techniques: (1) ultrafast shape recognition, (2) time series segmentation, and (3) time series correlation analysis. The first procedure measures the differences between statistical distance distributions of atoms in different conformations by calculating shape similarity indices from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. The second procedure is used to discover the times at which the protein makes transitions from one conformation to another. Finally, we employ the third technique to exploit spatial fingerprints of the stable conformations; this procedure is to map out the sequences of changes preceding the actual folding and unfolding events, since strongly correlated atoms in different conformations are different due to bond and steric constraints. The aforementioned high-frequency fluctuations are therefore characterized by distinct correlational and structural changes that are associated with rate-limiting precursors that translate into brief segments. Guided by these technical procedures, we choose a model system, a fragment of the protein transthyretin, for identifying in this system not only the precursory signatures of transitions associated with α helix and β hairpin, but also the important role played by weaker correlations in such protein folding dynamics.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS2001

Comparison of ER-2 Aircraft and POAM-III, MLS, and SAGE-II Satellite Measurements During SOLVE Using Traditional Correlative Analysis and Trajectory Hunting Technique

We compared the version 5 Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), version 3 Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement-III (POAM-111) aboard the French satellite SPOT-IV, version 6.0 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment 11 (SAGE-II) aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, and NASA ER-2 aircraft measurements made in the northern hemisphere in January-February 2000 during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE). This study addresses one of the key scientific objectives of the SOLVE campaign, namely, to validate multi-platform satellite measurements made in the polar stratosphere during winter. This intercomparison was performed using a traditional correlative analysis (TCA) and a trajectory hunting technique (THT). Launching backward and forward trajectories from the points of measurement, the THT identifies air parcels sampled at least twice within a prescribed match criterion during the course of 5 days. We found that the ozone measurements made by these four instruments agree most of the time within 110% in the stratosphere up to 1400 K (approximately 35 km). The water vapor measurements from POAM-III and the ER-2 Harvard Lyman-alpha hygrometer and JPL laser hygrometer agree to within 10.5 ppmv (or about +/-10%) in the lower stratosphere above 380 K. The MLS and ER-2 ClO measurements agree within their error bars for the TCA. The MLS and ER-2 nitric acid measurements near 17-20 km altitude agree within their uncertainties most of the time with a hint of a positive offset by MLS according to the TCA. We also applied the AER box model constrained by the ER-2 measurements for analysis of the ClO and HN03 measurements using the THT. We found that: (1) the model values of ClO are smaller by about 0.3-0.4 (0.2) ppbv below (above) 400 K than those by MLS and (2) the HN03 comparison shows a positive offset of MLS values by approximately 1 and 1-2 ppbv below 400 K and near 450 K, respectively. It is hard to quantify the HN03 offset in the 400-440 K range because of the high sensitivity of nitric acid to the PSC schemes. Our study shows that, with some limitations (like HN03 comparison under PSC conditions), the THT is a more powerful tool for validation studies than the TCA, making conclusions of the comparison statistically more robust.

Danilin, M. Y.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Comparison of medium frequency pulsed radar interferometer and correlation analysis winds, part 2

In order to test whether the chosen Doppler peaks represent localized scatters in motion, as opposed to some sort of integrated composite, an attempt was made to determine the change in position of single scatterers over a series of sequential records. A four-antenna system was employed which had 1 degree of freedom in phase. Due to limitations N-S linear transmission and E-W linear reception were used. The Doppler frequency peak selection criteria were that at least two of the four power spectra should have a local peak, and that normalized phase discrepancy, should be less than 0.3. The lack of success in tracking individual scatters seems to suggest a short lifetime. If this is the case, then the present experiment is not able to resolve the difference found between the correlation analysis true velocity and the interferometer value. On the other hand, it appears that the interferometer may be of some use in tracking waves.

Meek, C. E.↗

NASA NTRS2019

Testing and Analysis Correlation of Composite Sandwich Longitudinal Bonded Joints for Space Launch Vehicle Structures

The NASA Composite Technology for Exploration (CTE) Project has been developing and demonstrating critical composite technologies with a focus on joints; incorporating materials, design/analysis, manufacturing, and tests that utilize NASA expertise and capabilities. The CTE project has focused on the development of composite longitudinal bonded joint technologies for conical structures such as the SLS Payload Attach Fitting (PAF) due to challenging joint geometries and loads compared to cylindrical jointed structures. The CTE team selected and designed a double-lap composite bonded joint as the most advantageous longitudinal joint to advance for the CTE project. This paper reports on the longitudinal bonded joint sub-element test articles that were fabricated and tested for several loading conditions to test the capability of the bonded joint design. Test and analysis correlation to the sub-element test articles are presented in the paper.

Sleight, David W.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Stochastic correlation analysis to rank the impact of intermittent wind generation on unreliability margins of power systems

Power systems are vulnerable to extreme contingencies (like an outage of a major generating substation or transmission line) that can cause significant generation and load loss and can lead to further cascading outages of other transmission facilities and generators in the system. Power systems operators take time-ahead actions (real time to day ahead) actions based on forecasted data as well as telemetry. However, there is a probability of extreme swings in wind generation that can push the power system that is already close to system boundaries into unreliable states. Increasing penetration on wind generation and uncertainties in short term forecast can move the system into operational states that can violate N-1 reliability criteria. While the power system planning accounts for worst case analyses to mitigate such emergencies, it is necessary to understand the spatial and temporal correlation of load buses with intermittent wind generation. The ranking of wind generators based on stochastic correlation to unreliability margins of load buses provides an insight of system vulnerabilities that can be corrected by appropriate emergency controls. A Monte-Carlo simulation of wind uncertainty forecast is performed to identify the probability distributions of unreliability margins. Ranking of wind generators is performed based on stochastic correlation analysis of the wind power generated and the load losses at the buses. This helps in not only identifying weak buses in the power system but also in identifying the vulnerable wind locations to plan for system reinforcements. Power system modeling and hybrid simulation to calculate unreliability margins are performed using DCAT and demonstrated on the 32-bus Nordic test system.

generators, wind forecasting, wind power generatio↗

NASA NTRS2012

Test Analysis Correlation of the Single Stringer Bending Tests for the Space Shuttle ET-137 Intertank Stringer Crack Investigation

On November 5, 2010, Space Shuttle mission STS-133 was scrubbed due to a hydrogen leak at the Ground Umbilical Carrier Plate (GUCP). After the scrub, a crack in the foam thermal protection system (TPS) was observed on the External Tank (ET) near the interface between the liquid oxygen (LOX) tank and the Intertank. When the damaged foam was removed, two 9-in. long cracks were found on the feet of Intertank stringer S7-2, and the stringer failure was the cause of the TPS crack. An investigation was conducted to determine the root cause of the cracks, establish a remedy/repair for the stringers, and provide flight rationale for the damaged tank, ET-137. The Space Transportation System (STS) Super Lightweight ET (SLWT) is comprised of two propellant tanks (an aft liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank and a forward LOX tank) and an Intertank. The Intertank serves as the structural connection between the two propellant tanks and also functions to receive and distribute all thrust loads from the solid rocket boosters . The Intertank is a stiffened cylinder structure consisting of eight mechanically joined panels (two integrally-stiffened, machined thrust panels to react the booster loads and six stringer-stiffened skin panels). There are one main ring frame, four intermediate ring frames, and forward and aft flange chords that mate to the respective propellant tanks.. The skin/stringer panels utilize external hat-section stringers that are mechanically attached with rivets along most of their length and with specialty fasteners, such as GP Lockbolts and Hi-Loks, at the forward and aft ends where the stringers attach to the flange chords. During the STS-133 Intertank stringer crack investigation, cracks were found on a total of five stringers. All of the cracks were at the LOX end, in the feet of the stringers, and near the forward fasteners (GP Lockbolts). Video of tanking for the November 5 launch attempt was used to determine that the TPS failure, and thus the stringer failure, occurred as the LOX liquid level crossed the LOX tank / Intertank interface ring frame. Hence, cryogenically-induced displacements were suspected as a contributing cause of the stringer cracks. To study the behavior of Intertank stringers subjected to similar displacements, static load tests of individual stringers, colloquially known as "single stringer bending tests" were performed. Approximately thirty stringers were tested, many of which were cut from the partially completed Intertank for what would have been ET-139. In addition to the tests, finite element (FE) analyses of the test configuration were also performed. In this paper, the FE analyses and test-analysis correlation for stringer test S6-8 are presented. Stringer S6-8 is a "short chord" configuration with no doubler panels.

Phillips, Dawn R.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Test and Analysis Correlation of Form Impact onto Space Shuttle Wing Leading Edge RCC Panel 8

Soon after the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) began their study of the space shuttle Columbia accident, "physics-based" analyses using LS-DYNA were applied to characterize the expected damage to the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) leading edge from high-speed foam impacts. Forensic evidence quickly led CAIB investigators to concentrate on the left wing leading edge RCC panels. This paper will concentrate on the test of the left-wing RCC panel 8 conducted at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the correlation with an LS-DYNA analysis. The successful correlation of the LS-DYNA model has resulted in the use of LS-DYNA as a predictive tool for characterizing the threshold of damage for impacts of various debris such as foam, ice, and ablators onto the RCC leading edge for shuttle return-to-flight.

Fasanella, Edwin L.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Spectral and correlation analysis with applications to middle-atmosphere radars

The correlation and spectral analysis methods for uniformly sampled stationary random signals, estimation of their spectral moments, and problems arising due to nonstationary are reviewed. Some of these methods are already in routine use in atmospheric radar experiments. Other methods based on the maximum entropy principle and time series models have been used in analyzing data, but are just beginning to receive attention in the analysis of radar signals. These methods are also briefly discussed.

Rastogi, Prabhat K.↗

NASA NTRS2018

International Space Station Future Correlation Analysis Improvements

Ongoing modal analyses and model correlation are performed on different configurations of the International Space Station (ISS). These analyses utilize on-orbit dynamic measurements collected using four main ISS instrumentation systems: External Wireless Instrumentation System (EWIS), Internal Wireless Instrumentation System (IWIS), Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), and Structural Dynamic Measurement System (SDMS). Remote Sensor Units (RSUs) are network relay stations that acquire flight data from sensors. Measured data is stored in the Remote Sensor Unit (RSU) until it receives a command to download data via RF to the Network Control Unit (NCU). Since each RSU has its own clock, it is necessary to synchronize measurements before analysis. Imprecise synchronization impacts analysis results. A study was performed to evaluate three different synchronization techniques: (i) measurements visually aligned to analytical time-response data using model comparison, (ii) Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD), and (iii) lag from cross-correlation to align measurements. This paper presents the results of this study.

time synchronization↗

NASA NTRS1989

Correlation Analysis Of Vibration Data From Rotary Pumps

Correlation technique represents vibration data from rotary pumps in compact form convenient for storage in data base. Analysis determines coefficients of Fourier series representing typical response of pump for one revolution of pump shaft. Changes in harmonic spectrum of pump indicates changes in performance caused by internal wear, rubbing of seals, and the like.

Fenwick, James R.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Correlation analysis of X-ray emission from Cygnus X-1

Normalized autocorrelation and cross-correlation coefficients have been calculated for the X-ray emission of Cygnus X-1 in two energy bins, 2.1-5.1 keV and 5.1-12 keV. The analysis shows a strong correlation between the pulsations in the two energy bins, with the low-energy pulsations lagging behind the high-energy ones, or alternatively a shorter duration of the pulse trains in the high-energy bin. The power spectral density derived from the autocorrelation functions indicates a larger contribution of the high-frequency components for the higher-energy X-rays.

Brinkman, A. C.↗