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EV Charging Infrastructure Energization: An Overview of Approaches for Simplifying Processes and Accelerating Timelines to Processing EV Charging Load Service Requests

The United States has seen significant growth in electric vehicle (EV) adoption, leading to increased demand for EV charging infrastructure and electricity. Growth in electricity demand from EV charging, coupled with growth in other sectors like data centers and electrification of other sectors, is impacting electricity infrastructure and load service request processes after two decades of relatively flat electricity demand. While most electric vehicle charging occurs at home, enroute and depot charging for medium and heavy-duty vehicles, both using high-powered EV charging, are critical to meet electric vehicle operational needs. Over the past decade, EV charging infrastructure site developers, site hosts, and electric distribution utilities have navigated the process to integrate chargers onto the electric grid. Site developers and site hosts have expressed distress that the integration process for high-powered EV charging projects does not meet the needs of the EV market for timeliness or cost. High-powered charging stations typically require a load service request or an agreement with the local utility to connect to the grid. The process of energizing a new high-powered charging site can be complex and time consuming, often taking up to 2 years. This timeline is the result of current utility energization processes having been designed for construction projects that take longer to build (i.e., buildings). The specific challenges stem from various factors, including compartmentalization in application processes, the integration of EV charging process approvals with other distributed energy resources (DERs), and the need to ensure grid reliability. The energization process needs to evolve to meet the growing demand for high-powered EV charging. This white paper compiles information gathered through various conversations with key stakeholders, including utilities, utility regulators, EV charging operators, site developers, and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) as well as through an extensive literature review. This document identifies the challenges and provides potential solutions to streamline the process of connecting EV charging infrastructure to the power grid in the United States, serving as a starting point for future conversations around these solutions.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Performance and Reliability Assessment of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Advisor (ADA)

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility provides one of the world's largest openly accessible repositories of atmospheric observations through the ARM Data Discovery platform. Although the repository contains more than three decades of measurements collected from permanent observatories, mobile facilities, aircraft campaigns, and field experiments, identifying appropriate datasets can be challenging, particularly for new users unfamiliar with ARM instrumentation and datastream organization. To improve data accessibility, the ARM Data Center developed the ARM Data Advisor (ADA), an artificial intelligence-powered assistant designed to facilitate scientific data discovery, dataset interpretation, and user guidance. This report evaluates ADA's performance as a domain-specific scientific assistant using realistic atmospheric science workflows. The evaluation examines five key capabilities: data retrieval and curation efficiency, hallucination resistance, scientific reasoning, response to ambiguous queries, and content retention and session continuity. Representative prompts were developed to simulate typical interactions between researchers and the ARM Data Discovery platform, and ADA's responses were assessed for retrieval completeness, scientific accuracy, consistency, and practical usefulness. In these representative tests, ADA reduced the complexity of discovering and accessing ARM datasets by recommending appropriate datastreams, explaining instrumentation, interpreting metadata, and assisting with data processing workflows. ADA also exhibits strong domain knowledge of atmospheric science terminology and generally resists hallucination by acknowledging unavailable datasets and requesting clarification when appropriate. Overall, the results indicate that ADA represents a promising advancement in scientific data discovery within the ARM User Facility and has considerable potential to improve researcher productivity, particularly for new users and interdisciplinary scientists seeking efficient access to ARM observations.

Salvador, Christian [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000283287777

Mist

Determining the appropriate material data is often a bottleneck for performing calculations/simulations of industrial/experimental processes and resulting material structures and properties. Beyond the time it takes to find the appropriate values in the literature, many judgement calls are involved in choosing the values. These judgement calls can lead to inconsistencies between steps in research workflow, where different material parameter values are used. Mist solves this problem by providing a mechanism to store, share, and use material information in convenient human-readable and machine-readable formats. Mist has an extensible ontology for defining a wide variety of material information, currently focused on metal alloy applications. Examples include: alloy composition, density, liquidus temperature, and the coefficient of thermal expansion. Mist converts between standardized machine-readable data formats (e.g. JSON), specialized input format for simulation tools, and human-readable documents (e.g. LaTeX, Markdown). For parameters defined by an equation (e.g. a polynomial function) or a list of tabulated values, Mist can evaluate parameter values at requested conditions. Mist also provides an API for direct usage of the Mist data structures in calculations, if supported.

DeWitt, Stephen [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (OR

Summary of Savannah River Site FY23 Salt Waste Qualification Data

The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) analyzed samples from Savannah River Site (SRS) Waste Tanks 41H and 21H to support qualification of Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Waste Batches 8 and 9 for processing (the FY23 Salt Batch Qualification samples). These Tanks (i.e. 41H and 21H) are blend tanks for feed to SWPF. None of the samples displayed any unusual or unexpected characteristics such as large amounts of solids, floating solids, or unusual color. Characterization of these samples confirmed similar chemical composition and characteristics to previous salt waste batches. The results for Batches 8 and 9 were provided by SRNL to Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC), the Liquid Waste Operations subcontractor at SRS, as External Sample Results (Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS)) Reports. Additionally, a separate technical memo was issued by SRNL to report re-test data for Batch 8 for Cs-137 for filtered samples only which were run at the request of SWPF. For Batch 9, a set of samples was also analyzed in parallel by the SWPF-Analytical Laboratory (SWPF-AL). The SWPF-AL data is included herein for comparison with the SRNL data where applicable. The analytical results (both rapid, typically 4 weeks, and long term, typically 8 weeks) for Batches 8 and 9 are now summarized and discussed in this technical report.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W

Preliminary Results on Bayesian Inverse UQ for OECD/NEA WPNCS Subgroup 14 Benchmark Exercise for Error Recovery and Experimental Coverage

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Working Party on Nucelar Criticality Safety (WPNCS) has proposed a benchmark exercise representative of neutronic behavior in criticality experiments. Here, the goal is to develop confidence in data assimilation techniques used to adjust nuclear data. Participants are given synthetic experimental models with associated measured data and asked to estimate the model parameters given the model and measurements as well as provide predictions for separate application models. In this work, we performed data assimilation using Bayesian inverse Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) with machine learning surrogate models to produce posterior parameter distributions for the requested parameters and posterior predictive distributions for the requested responses. Several experimental models are shown to insufficiently inform the posterior parameter distributions for the applications involved. However, given sufficient experimental data, posterior parameter estimates yielded reduced uncertainty in the response predictions of interest while covering the experimental data.

Bayesian Inference

TEAMER: Pitching Foil Crossflow Turbine Efficiency Data

This dataset documents the efficiency testing of a pitching foil crossflow turbine, conducted at the University of New Hampshire's (UNH) Chase Ocean Engineering Laboratory tow tank facility. The tests explored various pitch phases and amplitudes, ranging from 0 to 18 degrees, across different flow speeds and turbine RPMs. Specifically, testing was performed at pitch amplitudes of 0,3,6,9,12,15 and 18 degrees. The results indicate that turbine efficiency improves with increased pitch amplitude, reaching optimal performance at 12 degrees. Modifications were made to the test frame by UNH to enhance the stiffness of the support structure. The testing specifically mapped the efficiency of a single quadrant of the Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) Autonomous Turbine Generator Unit (ATGU), covering the full range of allowable pitching amplitudes and phases. The dataset provides both raw and processed data, including drag and torque measurements, and contains Python scripts used for data processing and visualization. This research was supported by funding from TEAMER RFTS 1 (Request for Technical Support).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER

Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States [Slides]

Berkeley Lab’s “Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition” presents analysis of empirical plant-level data from the U.S. fleet of ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV), PV+battery, and concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants with capacities exceeding 5 MWAC (PV plants of 5 MWAC or less, including residential rooftop systems, are covered separately in Berkeley Lab’s companion annual report, Tracking the Sun). Key findings from this year’s report include: -18.5 GWAC of new utility-scale PV capacity came online in 2023, bringing cumulative installed capacity to more than 80.2 GWAC across 47 states. Installed costs continued to fall in 2023. Relative to 2022, capacity-weighted averages decreased by 8% to -$\$1.43$/WAC (or $\$1.08$/WDC). Costs, based on a 7.1 GWAC sample of 76 plants completed in 2023, have fallen by 75% (averaging 10% annually) since 2010. Plant-level capacity factors vary widely, from 6% to 36% (on an AC basis), with a sample median of 24%. -Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of new 2023 projects increased slightly to $\$46$/MWh prior to the application of tax credits but continued to fall to $\$31$/MWh when accounting for federal incentives. PPA prices have largely followed the decline in solar’s LCOE over time, but newly signed longer-term PPA prices have increased since 2021, to an average of $\$35$/MWh (levelized, in 2023 dollars). -Solar’s average energy and capacity value (i.e., ability to offset costs of other power generation sources) across the U.S. was $\$45$/MWh in 2023. Solar’s average market value was lowest in CAISO ($\$27$/MWh), the market with the greatest solar generation share, and highest in ERCOT ($\$67$/MWh). -Newer solar projects had greater market value in 2023 than their generation costs, yielding $\$1.1$ billion in benefits. Projects built in 2022 delivered on average $\$15$/MWh more market value than their costs in 2023. -Solar’s combined value from wholesale electricity markets, public health and climate damage reduction were greater than generation costs and incentives, yielding $\$13.7$ billion in net benefits in 2023. We estimate U.S. health benefits of $\$24$/MWh and reduced global climate damages of $\$101$/MWh. -Adding battery storage is one way to increase the value of solar. Deployment of 52 new PV+battery hybrid plants set a record with 5.3 GW installed in 2023. Our public data file tracks metadata and PPA prices from more than 100 PV+battery hybrid projects that are already online or that have secured offtake arrangements. -Looking ahead, a massive pipeline of at least 1,085 GW of solar capacity dominates the nation’s interconnection queues at the end of 2023. Nearly 571 GW, or 53%, of that total was paired with a battery – in CAISO it was a staggering 98%. Historically only 10% of the requested solar capacity is built. -For more information, and to explore related interactive data visualizations, go to utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov.

14 SOLAR ENERGY

TEAMER: Triton Systems Oscillating Water Column Modeling Data and Report

This dataset provides the output of six Wave Energy Converter Simulator (WEC-Sim) simulations and accompanying documentation for the modeling of Triton Systems' oscillating water column (OWC) system at tank scale (validated using available data for tuning the model, Tests 1-2) and deployment scale (for which no validation data is available, Tests 4-6). Included are the output data in a MATLAB file structure, a comprehensive report on the modeling and design of the Triton OWC system, and a link to the WEC-Sim GitHub page. This work was supported by funding from TEAMER RFTS 5 (Request for Technical Support).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER

Queued Up: 2025 Edition – Characteristics of Power Plants Seeking Transmission Interconnection As of the End of 2024 [Slides]

Electric transmission system operators (ISOs, RTOs, or utilities) require proposed power plants seeking to connect to the transmission grid to undergo a series of impact studies before they can be built. This process establishes what new transmission equipment or upgrades may be needed before a project can connect to the system and assigns the costs of that equipment. The lists of projects in this process are known as “interconnection queues”. In collaboration with interconnection.fyi, Berkeley Lab compiled, aggregated, and cleaned interconnection queue data from >50 transmission grid operators (7 ISO/RTOs and 49 non-ISO balancing areas), which collectively represent ~97% of currently installed U.S. electric generating capacity. The dataset includes requests submitted to queues through the end of 2024, and only includes requests seeking to connect to the transmission grid (not distribution-connected or behind-the-meter projects). The files below include both a PDF report and an Excel data file. The PDF report analyzes interconnection data and metrics through the end of 2024. The Excel data file includes (a) the full project-level interconnection queue dataset through 2024, (b) a codebook (data dictionary) describing each data field, and (c) 35 additional tabs featuring tables summarizing a range of interconnection metrics. Key highlights from the Queued Up: 2025 Edition (featuring data through 2024) include: • As of the end of 2024, there were ~10,300 projects actively seeking grid interconnection in the U.S., representing 1,400 GW of generation and approximately 890 GW of storage. • Historic withdrawal rates alongside relatively fewer new requests resulted in a 12% decrease in total active queue volume compared to the prior year. • Active natural gas capacity (136 GW, +72% year-over-year) increased in 2024, while solar (956 GW, -12%), storage (890 GW, -13%), and wind (271 GW, -26%) capacity decreased. • 408 GW of capacity already has a draft or executed interconnection agreement (IA) but has not yet reached commercial operations. • The time projects spend in queues before reaching COD is increasing. For the regions with available data, the median duration from IR to COD has doubled from <2 years for projects built in 2000-2007 to over 4 years for those built in 2018-2024. • Ultimately, most of this proposed capacity will not be built. Only 13% of capacity that submitted interconnection requests from 2000-2019 had reached commercial operations by the end of 2024; 77% of that capacity had been withdrawn and 10% was still active. • FERC Order 2023 and various other reforms are being implemented. These are important measures to reduce interconnection bottlenecks and enhance grid system reliability, but it is too early to measure and assess their full impact. • New additions for the 2025 edition include: (a) additional detail on data processing and gaps; (b) updates on interconnection reforms; (c) new analysis on interconnection agreements, and more.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Ride Pingo to Transit

In this project, we developed an on-demand microtransit first- and last-mile service. To integrate the service with fixed-route transit, we developed a feature called Transit Connect that prioritized riders’ on-time arrival at the transit station over other service requirements. We first prototyped service and related algorithms in a simulated environment, and then piloted the service in the city of Kent, Washington. Our algorithm incorporates request-specific hard drop-off deadlines to ensure timely arrivals for transit transfers. In the pilot, these constraints were obtained from GTFS Realtime data to accurately determine the schedule of the transit and the location of the stations. This approach introduced the ability to accept or decline new requests based on the timing of transit connections for these new requests and connection status of onboarding customers. The pilot (called “Ride Pingo to Transit”) deployed a fleet of three 14-person vans, ran from September 2021 to March 2023, and served a total of 21,329 trips. Transit Connect was offered for drop-offs at both Kent Station and the Kent Valley hub. In total, 2,844 such trips were completed. This dataset was collected from our pilot, which includes the following: - Requests: List of all trip requests, including those that were actually served and those not materialized. - Fleet: Daily vehicle service logs. - Service details: Daily vehicle stop logs (boarding and alighting). - Trip types: First mile, last mile, or point-to-point. ![pingo to transit](pingo-to-transit.jpg)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI

BioPortal: an open community resource for sharing, searching, and utilizing biomedical ontologies

Abstract BioPortal (https://bioportal.bioontology.org) is the world’s most comprehensive repository of biomedical ontologies. It provides infrastructure for finding, sharing, searching, and utilizing biomedical ontologies. Launched in 2005, BioPortal now includes 1549 ontologies (1182 of them public). Its open, freely accessible website enables anyone (i) to browse the ontology library, (ii) to search for terms across ontologies, (iii) to browse mappings between terms, (iv) to see popularity ratings and recommendations on which ontologies are most relevant to their use cases, (v) to annotate text with ontology terms, (vi) to submit an ontology, and (vii) to request ontology changes. The library of ontologies can be accessed programmatically via a REST application programming interface (API). Recent enhancements include a BioPortal knowledge graph that integrates knowledge from multiple ontologies; a unified data model for interoperability with other knowledge sources; ontology popularity ratings and recommendations for relevant ontologies; and the ability to request ontology changes via a simple user interface that automatically converts user change requests to GitHub Pull Requests that specify the edits that will be made to the ontology upon approval.

Vendetti, Jennifer

The Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. III. BTSbot: Automated Identification and Follow-up of Bright Transients with Deep Learning

Abstract The Bright Transient Survey (BTS) aims to obtain a classification spectrum for all bright ( m peak ≤ 18.5 mag) extragalactic transients found in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public survey. BTS critically relies on visual inspection (“scanning”) to select targets for spectroscopic follow-up, which, while effective, has required a significant time investment over the past ∼5 yr of ZTF operations. We present BTSbot , a multimodal convolutional neural network, which provides a bright transient score to individual ZTF detections using their image data and 25 extracted features. BTSbot is able to eliminate the need for daily human scanning by automatically identifying and requesting spectroscopic follow-up observations of new bright transient candidates. BTSbot recovers all bright transients in our test split and performs on par with scanners in terms of identification speed (on average, ∼1 hr quicker than scanners). We also find that BTSbot is not significantly impacted by any data shift by comparing performance across a concealed test split and a sample of very recent BTS candidates. BTSbot has been integrated into Fritz and Kowalski , ZTF’s first-party marshal and alert broker, and now sends automatic spectroscopic follow-up requests for the new transients it identifies. Between 2023 December and 2024 May, BTSbot selected 609 sources in real time, 96% of which were real extragalactic transients. With BTSbot and other automation tools, the BTS workflow has produced the first fully automatic end-to-end discovery and classification of a transient, representing a significant reduction in the human time needed to scan.

Rehemtulla, Nabeel (ORCID:0000000256832389)

QProR: An Efficient Framework for Quantity-of-Interest Based Progressive Retrieval with Guaranteed Error Control

Scientific applications generate an unprecedented volume of data, overwhelming the network and file systems’ bandwidth and posing challenges for efficient and scalable data retrieval and analysis. Progressive data compression offers a promising solution by enabling on-demand retrieval at reduced size. However, existing progressive methods either fail to bound the errors in essential quantities of interest (QoIs) derived from raw data or suffer from suboptimal retrieval efficiency. In this work, we propose QProR, an efficient QoI-based progressive framework that optimizes progressive retrieval for target QoIs. Our key contributions include: (1) a systematic framework that integrates error-controlled lossy compressors with bitplane encoding while decoupling the two processes for high flexibility and adaptability; (2) a novel weighted bitplane encoding method which incorperates QoI knowledge into data refactoring to enhance retrieval efficiency; (3) an optimized retrieval strategy that accounts for the varying impacts of different variables on multivariate QoIs; (4) comprehensive evaluations using six real-world datasets from multiple scientific applications and thorough comparisons against state of the arts. Experimental results demonstrate that QProR achieves up to 80.38% reduction in the retrieval size under the same requested QoI error tolerance, when compared with the best-performing existing methods. When transferring 384 GB of scientific data to remote sites, QProR delivers up to 1.68 × speedup in the end-to-end data transfer performance.

Li, Wenbo [University of Kentucky]

Thoroughly testing and integrating hundreds of Pull Requests per month: ROOT’s new Cost-efficient and Feature Rich GitHub-based CI

ROOT is an open source framework, freely available on GitHub, at the heart of data acquisition, processing and analysis of HE(N)P experiments, and beyond. It is developed collaboratively: contributions are not authored only by ROOT team members, but also by the user community at large: developers and scientists from universities, labs as well as the private sector. More than 1500 GitHub Pull Requests are merged on average per year. It is in this context that code integration acquires a primary role. The review of code contributions isn’t enough: not only they need to be thoroughly reviewed, they also need to be thoroughly tested through a powerful CI infrastructure on several different platforms to comply with the high code quality standards of the project. Since the end of 2023, ROOT moved its continuous integration system from Jenkins to GitHub Actions. In this contribution, we characterise the transition to the GitHub CI, focussing on our strategy, its implementation and the lessons learned, as well as the advantages the new system offers with respect to the previous one. Particular emphasis will be given to the evaluation of the cost-benefit ratio for Jenkins and GitHub Actions for the ROOT project. We also describe how we manage to run in less than one hour thousands of unit, integration, functional and end-to-end tests on different flavours of Windows, four versions of macOS, as well as about ten of the most used Linux distributions, taking advantage of the CERN computing infrastructure.

Piparo, Danilo [CERN]

General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Flight Unit 5 Refurbished (GPHS-RTG F5R) Power Prediction

INL has evaluated and refurbished General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Flight Unit 5 (GPHS-RTG F5R or F5R) that was defueled in 2005. The generator has passed all the INL internal reviews, an end item data package has been delivered to NASA and is ready fueling for a mission. NASA requested a user’s guide for F5R with enough detail for a prospective mission proposal. This report documents the development of the power prediction model used in the user’s guide. The prediction evaluated the thermoelectric “burn-in” and the graceful degradation modes of the missions and developed a thermal inventory dependent equation that predicts the power that matches Galileo, Cassini, and PNH within a three-standard deviation of ±1%. This prediction is only valid for the 30 VDC load voltage of these missions.

30 - DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION

General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Flight Unit 5 Refurbished (GPHS-RTG F5R) Power Prediction

INL has evaluated and refurbished General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Flight Unit 5 (GPHS-RTG F5R or F5R) that was defueled in 2005. The generator has passed all the INL internal reviews, an end item data package has been delivered to NASA and is ready fueling for a mission. NASA requested a user’s guide for F5R with enough detail for a prospective mission proposal. This report documents the development of the power prediction model used in the user’s guide. The prediction evaluated the thermoelectric “burn-in” and the graceful degradation modes of the missions and developed a thermal inventory dependent equation that predicts the power that matches Galileo, Cassini, and PNH within a three-standard deviation of ±1%. This prediction is only valid for the 30 VDC load voltage of these missions.

30 - DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION

NLR HPC Eagle Jobs Data and Additional Energy Metrics

Overview: Anonymized job-level records from the Eagle high-performance computing (HPC) system at the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR). Each record represents a Slurm batch job with scheduling metadata, resource requests, resource utilization, CPU/GPU energy consumption, and efficiency metrics. Sensitive fields (user, account, job name) are replaced with cryptographic hashes. System & Timeframe: Eagle was a 2,000-node, 8-petaflop system operated at NLR from 2019–2024. Data covers the full operational lifetime of the system. Slurm data was processed nightly; timestamps are in Mountain Time. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, EERE. Files: esif.hpc.eagle.job-anon.zip — Core anonymized job records (Hive-partitioned Parquet) esif.hpc.eagle.job-anon-energy-metrics.zip — Same records with additional iLO and Ganglia energy metrics datacard.md — Full dataset documentation ~13.8 million rows, 62 variables. Readable with PyArrow, pandas, DuckDB, Apache Spark, or any Parquet-compatible tool. Data Collection: Jobs collected via sacct through a pipeline: Eagle Jobs API → Redpanda → StreamSets → HPCMON API → PostgreSQL. Node-level power from iLO (HP Integrated Lights-Out); GPU power from Ganglia monitoring, joined to jobs via node lists and time ranges. Preprocessing: Anonymization of name, user, and account fields via cryptographic hashing Derived columns: queue_wait, cpu_eff, max_mem_eff Simplified job state mapping (e.g., "CANCELLED BY 12345" → "CANCELLED") QoS accounting rules (buy-in, standby, or Slurm QoS value) CPU energy estimated from TDP (200W, Intel Xeon Gold 6154, 18 cores) Timezone-aware columns (_tz) sourced from LEX accounting database to correctly handle DST transitions Key Variables: Scheduling: job_id, partition, state_simple, submit_time_tz, start_time_tz, end_time_tz, queue_waitResources: nodes_req/used, processors_req/used, memory_req, wallclock_req/used, gpus_requested Efficiency: cpu_eff, max_mem_eff Energy: cpu_energy_tdp_estimated_max/used_watt_hours, node_energy_total_watt_hours (iLO), gpu0/1_energy_total_watt_hours (Ganglia) Partitions: bigmem, bigmem-8600, bigscratch, csc, dav, ddn, debug, gpu, haswell, long, mono, short, standard Job States: CANCELLED, COMPLETED, FAILED, NODE_FAIL, OUT_OF_MEMORY, PENDING, RUNNING, TIMEOUT QoS Levels: Unknown, normal, buy-in, debug, penalty, high, standby Important Notes: Non-_tz timestamp columns may be off by one hour across DST boundaries; use _tz columns for time difference calculations Energy fields are null for jobs without monitoring coverage Job step records and raw Slurm JSONB fields are excluded from this extract Do not attempt to re-identify individuals from hashed fields

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING

Characterization of C-Reactor (105-C) Moderator Tanks 204 and 205

Area Completion Project (ACP)/Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS) has requested Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to perform chemical and radiological analyses on moderator heavy water samples from C-Reactor (105-C) in Moderator Tanks 204 and 205. The heavy water samples have been characterized using SRNL analytical methods. Information generated from the characterization of these heavy water samples provide a basis for determining the residual contamination remaining in the tanks. These analyses are needed in order to update the C-Reactor Contaminant migration groundwater model and report, to help determine a disposition pathway for the moderator water, and to ship samples off-site to the Southwest Research Institute (SWRI). This report presents characterization results for the March 2024 C-Reactor Moderator Tank 204 and 205 heavy water samples. SRNL results are critical to allow ACP to complete this Performance Based Incentive project on time. Based on the characterization data provided in this report, results of these samples meet customer expectations and satisfy the Technical Assistance Request (TAR).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W