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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Closing the Gap between FAIR Data Repositories and Hierarchical Data Formats

Many in the scientific community, particularly in publicly funded research, are pushing to adhere to more accessible data standards to maximize the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) of scientific data, especially with the growing prevalence of machine learning augmented research. Online FAIR data repositories, such as the Open Science Framework (OSF), help facilitate the adoption of these standards by providing frameworks for storage, access, search, APIs, and other features that create organized hubs of scientific data. However, the wider acceptance of such repositories is hindered by the lack of support of hierarchical data formats, such as Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) and Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5), that many researchers rely on to organize their datasets. Various tools and strategies should be used to allow hierarchical data formats, FAIR data repositories, and scientific organizations to work more seamlessly together. A pilot project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) addresses the disconnect between them by integrating the OSF FAIR data repository with hierarchical data renderers, extending support for additional file types in their framework. The multifaceted interactive renderer displays a tree of metadata alongside a table and plot of the data channels in the file. This allows users to quickly and efficiently load large and complex data files directly in the OSF webapp. Users who are browsing files can quickly and intuitively see the files in the way they or their colleagues structured the hierarchical form and immediately grasp their contents. This solution helps bridge the gap between hierarchical data storage techniques and FAIR data repositories, making both of them more viable options for scientific institutions like LANL which have been put off by the lack of integration between them.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Diurnal variation of the fair-weather atmospheric electric field in Binchuan, China

With the purpose of understanding the variation of fair-weather atmospheric electric field, the vertical component of atmospheric electric field (recorded as Ez) has been measured in the town Binchuan (25°50'N, 100°34'E, 1438.7 m asl) of Dali city, Yunnan, China from June 14, 2017 to December 1, 2020. Automatic measured visual range is used as a proxy of aerosol concentration. The mean diurnal variation curve of the fair-weather Ez in Binchuan, having two peaks occurred at around 9LT and 20LT, shows little correlation with the well-known Carnegie Curve and other two high-latitude sites' Curves. While strong negative correlation between fair-weather Ez and visual range is found, indicating the variation of fair-weather is dominated by aerosol concentration. The main source of aerosol concentration variation probably sunrise and sunset effect. We support our findings by comparing Ez, visual range with sunrise and sunset times. The peaks (troughs) of Ez (visual range) are proved to have weak correlations with anthropogenic pollution through comparing the Ez, visual range under workdays and holidays.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Relationships among diurnal variations of polar night cloud, precipitation, surface temperatures, and the fair-weather return current of the global electric circuit (GEC)

Over the past five years (June 2017-current), the vertical electric field (E z ) as well as numerous cloud, precipitation and radiation properties have been monitored at the Department of Energy-Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE ARM) North Slope of Alaska (NSA) field site. Comparisons between the composite diurnal averaged fair-weather E z , and composite ceilometer derived cloud base height during the polar night, reveal a significant correlation between the parameters (r = 0.62), supporting previous studies that there is high correlation between local electric field and cloud properties. With the use of extensive instrumentation at the site, such as the Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL), Ka-band Zenith Radar (KAZR), ceilometer, SKYRAD, Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP), among others, this study provides a more comprehensive examination of the diurnal cycle of cloud and precipitation properties along with the localized fair-weather return current of the larger Global Electric Circuit (GEC) system. Comparisons between the composite diurnal averaged fair-weather E z , and cloud thickness, maximum column backscatter, and precipitation particle counts all show similar diurnal variability during the polar night, indicating that during the largest magnitude fair weather E z time periods, clouds bases tend to be higher, clouds are thicker, have a larger column backscatter, and display more precipitating particles. Furthermore, a slight diurnal variability in the polar night surface temperature was found to be highly correlated (r = 0.87) to the longwave downwelling irradiance measured by SKYRAD, indicating that the variations in the physical properties of local clouds could modulate the diurnal polar night surface temperature variability on the order of 0.5 °C/day. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the importance and global nature of the GEC system, with the global aggregate of thunderstorms and electrified clouds potentially influencing polar night cloud properties as well as diurnal wintertime polar surface temperature variation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

FedEFsz: Fair Cross-Silo Federated Learning System With Error-Bounded Lossy Compression

Cross-Silo federated learning systems have been identified as an efficient approach to scaling DNN training across geographically-distributed data silos to preserve the privacy of the training data. Communication efficiency and fairness are two major issues that need to be both satisfied when federated learning systems are deployed in practice. Simultaneously guaranteeing both of them, however, is exceptionally difficult because simply combining communication reduction and fairness optimization approaches often causes non-converged training or drastic accuracy degradation. Here, to bridge this gap, we propose FedEFsz. On the one hand, it integrates the state-of-the-art error-bounded lossy compressor SZ3 into cross-silo federated learning systems to significantly reduce communication traffic during the training. On the other hand, it achieves a high fairness (i.e., rather consistent model accuracy and performance across different clients) through a carefully designed heuristic algorithm that can tune the error-bound of SZ3 for different clients during the training. Extensive experimental results based on a GPU cluster with 65 GPU cards show that FedEFsz improves the fairness across different benchmarks by up to 60.88% and meanwhile reduces the communication traffic by up to 315×.

Cross-Silo Federated Learning Systems↗
NASA NTRS2013

Buckling Design and Analysis of a Payload Fairing One-Sixth Cylindrical Arc-Segment Panel

Design and analysis results are reported for a panel that is a 16th arc-segment of a full 33-ft diameter cylindrical barrel section of a payload fairing structure. Six such panels could be used to construct the fairing barrel, and, as such, compression buckling testing of a 16th arc-segment panel would serve as a validation test of the buckling analyses used to design the fairing panels. In this report, linear and nonlinear buckling analyses have been performed using finite element software for 16th arc-segment panels composed of aluminum honeycomb core with graphiteepoxy composite facesheets and an alternative fiber reinforced foam (FRF) composite sandwich design. The cross sections of both concepts were sized to represent realistic Space Launch Systems (SLS) Payload Fairing panels. Based on shell-based linear buckling analyses, smaller, more manageable buckling test panel dimensions were determined such that the panel would still be expected to buckle with a circumferential (as opposed to column-like) mode with significant separation between the first and second buckling modes. More detailed nonlinear buckling analyses were then conducted for honeycomb panels of various sizes using both Abaqus and ANSYS finite element codes, and for the smaller size panel, a solid-based finite element analysis was conducted. Finally, for the smaller size FRF panel, nonlinear buckling analysis was performed wherein geometric imperfections measured from an actual manufactured FRF were included. It was found that the measured imperfection did not significantly affect the panel's predicted buckling response

composite structures↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of an analytical transient evacuation model for the fairing jettison process

A general, lumped-parameter, control volume equation is developed to describe the rapid loss of pressure associated with a launch vehicle fairing jettison event in its initial phase. Beginning with a general mass conservation statement, a sonic constraint is applied to the expanding gap between receding fairing halves to produce a statement for transient density. This is related to fairing pressure by assuming the expansion may be described by a polytropic process. A generic, single-step, lateral fairing half separation case is created and explored for illustrative purposes.

Fairing depressurization↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of an analytical transient evacuation model for the fairing jettison process

A general, lumped-parameter, control volume equation is developed to describe the rapid loss of pressure associated with a launch vehicle fairing jettison event in its initial phase. Beginning with a general mass conservation statement, a sonic constraint is applied to the expanding gap between receding fairing halves to produce a statement for transient density. This is related to fairing pressure by assuming the expansion may be described by a polytropic process. A generic, single-step, lateral fairing half separation case is created and explored for illustrative purposes.

fairing depressurization↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of an Analytical Transient Evacuation Model for the Fairing Jettison Process

A general, lumped-parameter, control volume equation is developed to describe the rapid loss of pressure associated with a launch vehicle fairing jettison event in its initial phase. Beginning with a general mass conservation statement, a sonic constraint is applied to the expanding gap between receding fairing halves to produce a statement for transient density. This is related to fairing pressure by assuming the expansion may be described by a polytropic process. A generic, single-step, lateral fairing half separation case is created and explored for illustrative purposes.

fairing depressurization, jettison, venting↗
DOE OSTI2025

Applying the FAIR Principles to computational workflows

Recent trends within computational and data sciences show an increasing recognition and adoption of computational workflows as tools for productivity and reproducibility that also democratize access to platforms and processing know-how. As digital objects to be shared, discovered, and reused, computational workflows benefit from the FAIR principles, which stand for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. The Workflows Community Initiative’s FAIR Workflows Working Group (WCI-FW), a global and open community of researchers and developers working with computational workflows across disciplines and domains, has systematically addressed the application of both FAIR data and software principles to computational workflows. We present recommendations with commentary that reflects our discussions and justifies our choices and adaptations. These are offered to workflow users and authors, workflow management system developers, and providers of workflow services as guidelines for adoption and fodder for discussion. The FAIR recommendations for workflows that we propose in this paper will maximize their value as research assets and facilitate their adoption by the wider community.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enabling Fairness in Distributed PV Curtailment for Voltage Regulation: A Comparative Analysis

The growing adoption of photovoltaic systems in power distribution networks has yielded numerous advantages, but it has also introduced challenges, particularly in managing overvoltage issues. Uncoordinated photovoltaic integration can lead to voltage rise beyond acceptable levels. Curtailing active power is an effective method for addressing overvoltage issues in power distribution systems. Nevertheless, it is essential to distribute the curtailment fairly among the resources to maintain fairness and achieve a well-balanced utilization of renewable energy. This paper presents a comparative study of different fairness schemes for active power curtailment in photovoltaic integration systems. Three different curtailment methods are selected for demonstration: i) proportional, ii) egalitarian, and iii) financial. The study involves evaluating the curtailment schemes based on their ability to distribute the curtailed power among the photovoltaic systems in a justifiable manner, focusing on their formulation and distributed solution. A detailed performance comparison is carried out to highlight the cost of catering for fairness schemes in photovoltaic curtailment using relevant metrics, where simulations are carried out using a modified IEEE 123-bus test case.

Mukherjee, Monish↗
DOE OSTI2025

FAIR Ecosystems for Science at Scale

High Performance Computing (HPC) centers provide resources to users who require greater scale to “get science done”. They deploy infrastructure with singular hardware architectures, cutting-edge software environments, and stricter security measures as compared with users’ own resources. As a result, users often create and configure digital artifacts in ways that are specialized for the unique infrastructure at a given HPC center. Each user of that center will face similar challenges as they develop specialized solutions to take full advantages of the center’s resources, potentially resulting in significant duplication of effort. Much duplicated effort could be avoided, however, if users of these centers found it easier to discover others’ solutions and artifacts as well as share their own. The FAIR principles address this problem by presenting guidelines focused around metadata practices to be implemented by vaguely defined “communities”; in practice, these tend to gather by domain (e.g. bioinformatics, geosciences, agriculture). Domain-based communities can unfortunately end up functioning as silos that tend both to inhibit sharing of solutions and best practices as well as to encourage fragile and unsustainable improvised solutions in the absence of best-practice guidance. We propose that these communities pursuing “science at scale” be nurtured both individually and collectively by HPC centers so that users can take advantage of shared challenges across disciplines and potentially across HPC centers. We describe an architecture based on the EOSC-Life FAIR Workflows Collaboratory, specialized for use with and inside HPC centers such as the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), and we speculate on user incentives to encourage adoption. We note that a focus on FAIR workflow components rather than FAIR workflows is more likely to benefit the users of HPC centers.

Wilkinson, Sean [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000214437479)↗
DOE OSTI2024

TEAMER: Crossflow Turbine Fairing Geometry Optimization - Report and CFD Modeling Files

The dataset includes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and simulation files for crossflow turbines as well as a detailed project report. The report documents the project undertaken by the Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) to design and optimize a modular fairing for the Modular RivGen Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) turbine, which enhances the efficient deployment and operation of turbine arrays. The project focused on optimizing the hydrodynamic performance of the fairing using CFD, with an emphasis on two key geometric parameters: the fairing's cross-sectional shape and the spacing between the rotor and the fairing. The analysis aimed to maximize net power output while also assessing discretized loading to evaluate ultimate and fatigue loads on the turbine components. The numerical modeling was conducted using both the commercial CFD software Star-CCM+ and the open-source code openFOAM, with the latter utilizing the actuator line library, turbinesFOAM. This dual-code approach was intended to increase confidence in the results and demonstrate the viability of using open-source tools for high-fidelity marine energy modeling. This dataset includes all necessary files for actuator line simulations in openFOAM, as well as 2D blade-resolved CFD results, along with Python and Java scripts for setting up and post-processing simulations.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1975

Space shuttle vehicle ferry configuration afterbody fairing effects on 140A/B orbiter aerodynamic characteristics using an .0405 scale model orbiter (43-0) in the Rockwell International 7.75 x 11 ft low speed wind tunnel (OA123)

The primary test objectives were to define ferry configuration afterbody fairing effects on orbiter stability and control characteristics and to substantiate wind tunnel results. Parametric variations consisted entirely of testing different afterbody fairing contours in an effort to improve both the orbiter drag levels and lateral-directional control characteristics. The three afterbody contours that were tested consisted of the Boeing TC3 beavertail, the new Rockwell-Boeing TC4 fairing, and a modification of an existing short bumblebee fairing redesignated TC6.

Mennell, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Evaluation of VSAERO in prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter hub fairings

A low-order panel code, VSAERO, was used to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter hub fairings. Since the simulation of this kind of bluff body by VSAERO was not documented before, the VSAERO solutions were correlated with experimental data to establish their validity. The validation process revealed that simulation of the aerodynamic environment around a hub fairing was sensitive to several modeling parameters. Some of these parameters are body and wake panels arrangement, streamwise and spanwise separation location, and the most prominent one-the wake modeling. Three wake models were used: regular wake, separated wake, and jet model. The regular wake is a wake with negligible thickness (thin wake). It is represented by a single vortex sheet. The separated wake and the jet model in the present application are wakes with finite thickness (thick wake). They consist of a vortex sheet enclosing a region of low-energy flow. The results obtained with the reqular wake were marginally acceptable for sharp-edged hub fairings. For all other cases under consideration, the jet model results correlated slightly better. The separated wake, which seemed to be the most appropriate model, caused the solution to diverge. While the regular wake was straight-forward to apply in simulations, the jet model was not. It requires the user to provide information about the doublet strength gradient on wake panels by guessing the efflux velocities at the wake shedding location. In summary, VSAERO neither predicts accurately the aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter hub fairings nor was cost effective.

Louie, Alexander↗
NASA NTRS1990

Ground test program for new Atlas payload fairings

To establish the competitiveness of the revitalized family of Atlas launch vehicles (I, II, IIA, and IIAS) a new series of payload fairings, an 11-foot and a 14-foot diameter version, were designed to accommodate the widest possible variety of satellites. Because these aluminum fairings are new designs, the plant at which they are produced is new, and launch customers are very anxious to fly their payloads, an ambitious and efficient test program is essential. Five major tests have been planned for completion within the span of one calendar year. One of these has been completed, with every indication that it was a success, one is currently under way, and two more are scheduled to start in the month of April. Through effective use of test assets, facilities, and personnel, all testing will be completed, allowing the fairing design to be completely characterized and then qualified through analysis prior to first launch of each of the fairings.

Robbins, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS1960

Effect of Afterbody Terminal Fairings on the Performance of a Pylon-Mounted Turbojet-Nacelle Model

An investigation of the effect of afterbody terminal fairings on the performance of a pylon-mounted turbojet-nacelle model has been conducted in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel. A basic afterbody having a boattail angle of 16 deg was investigated with and without terminal fairings. The equivalent boattail angle, based on the cross-sectional area of the afterbody and terminal fairings, was 8 deg. Therefore, a simple body of revolution with a boattail angle of 8 deg was included for comparison. The tests were made at an angle of attack of 0 deg, Mach numbers of 0.80 to 1.05, jet total-pressure ratio of 1 to approximately 5, and an average Reynolds number per foot of 4.1 x 10(exp 6). A hydrogen peroxide jet simulator was used to supply the hot-jet exhaust. The results indicate that addition of terminal fairings to a 16 deg boattail afterbody increased the thrust-minus-drag coefficients and provided the lowest effective drag of the three configurations tested.

Willis, Conrad M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Delta XTE Fairing Installation at Complex 17-B CCAS

Live footage of the Delta XTE (X-Ray Timing Explorer) fairing installation is presented. The fairing is installed to provide a smooth surface for the airflow. The primary purpose of the fairing is to reduce drag. The installation of the fairing occurred at complex 17-B CCAS (Cape Canaveral Air Station).

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2009

Electromagnetic Cavity Effects from Transmitters Inside a Launch Vehicle Fairing

This paper provides insight into the difficult analytical issue for launch vehicles and spacecraft that has applicability outside of the launch industry. Radiation from spacecraft or launch vehicle antennas located within enclosures in the launch vehicle generates an electromagnetic environment that is difficult to accurately predict. This paper discusses the test results of power levels produced by a transmitter within a representative scaled vehicle fairing model and provides preliminary modeling results at the low end of the frequency test range using a commercial tool. Initially, the walls of the fairing are aluminum and later, layered with materials to simulate acoustic blanketing structures that are typical in payload fairings. The effects of these blanketing materials on the power levels within the fairing are examined.

Trout, Dawn↗