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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Electromechanical systems with transient high power response operating from a resonant AC link

The combination of an inherently robust asynchronous (induction) electrical machine with the rapid control of energy provided by a high frequency resonant AC link enables the efficient management of higher power levels with greater versatility. This could have a variety of applications from launch vehicles to all-electric automobiles. These types of systems utilize a machine which is operated by independent control of both the voltage and frequency. This is made possible by using an indirect field-oriented control method which allows instantaneous torque control in all four operating quadrants. Incorporating the AC link allows the converter in these systems to switch at the zero crossing of every half cycle of the AC waveform. This zero loss switching of the link allows rapid energy variations to be achieved without the usual frequency proportional switching loss. Several field-oriented control systems were developed by LeRC and General Dynamics Space Systems Division under contract to NASA. A description of a single motor, electromechanical actuation system is presented. Then, focus is on a conceptual design for an AC electric vehicle. This design incorporates an induction motor/generator together with a flywheel for peak energy storage. System operation and implications along with the associated circuitry are addressed. Such a system would greatly improve all-electric vehicle ranges over the Federal Urban Driving Cycle (FUD).

Burrows, Linda M.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Major Effects of Nonmetallic Inclusions on the Fatigue Life of Disk Superalloy Demonstrated

The fatigue properties of modern powder metallurgy disk alloys can vary because of the different steps of materials and component processing and machining. Among these variables, the effects of nonmetallic inclusions introduced during the powder atomization and handling processes have been shown to significantly degrade low-cycle fatigue life. The levels of inclusion contamination have, therefore, been reduced to less than 1 part per million in state-of-the-art nickel disk powder-processing facilities. Yet the large quantities of compressor and turbine disks weighing from 100 to over 1000 lb have enough total volume and surface area for these rare inclusions to still be present and limit fatigue life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on fatigue life of these inclusions, as part of the Crack Resistant Disk Materials task within the Ultra Safe Propulsion Project. Inclusions were carefully introduced at elevated levels in a nickel-base disk superalloy, U720, produced using powder metallurgy processing. Multiple strain-controlled fatigue tests were then performed on extracted test specimens at 650 C. Analyses were performed to compare the low-cycle fatigue lives and failure initiation sites as functions of inclusion content and fatigue conditions. Powder of the nickel-base superalloy U720 was atomized in argon at Special Metals Corporation, Inc., using production-scale high-cleanliness powder-processing facilities and handling practices. The powder was then passed through a 270-mesh screen. One portion of this powder was set aside for subsequent consolidation without introduced inclusions. Two other portions of this powder were seeded with alumina inclusions. Small, polycrystalline soft (Type 2) inclusions of about 50 mm diameter were carefully prepared and blended into one powder lot, and larger hard (Type 1) inclusions of about 150 mm mean diameter were introduced into the other seeded portion of powder. All three portions of powder were then sealed in separate containers, hot isostatically pressurized, extruded, forged into subscale disks, and heat treated. Low-cycle-fatigue specimens were then extracted, machined, and tested. Fatigue tests were performed at 650 C in closed-loop servohydraulic testing machines using induction heating and axial extensometers. All tests were continued to failure, and fractographic evaluations were performed on all specimens to determine the crack initiation sites. A large majority of the failures in specimens with introduced inclusions occurred at cracks initiating from inclusions at the specimen surface, as shown for each type of inclusion in the following bar chart. The inclusions significantly reduced fatigue life from unseeded material levels, as shown in the bar chart. These effects were found to depend on the strain range, strain ratio, and inclusion size. Tests at lower strain ranges and higher strain ratios resulted in larger effects of inclusions on life. Inclusion effects on life were thereby maximized in tests at the lowest strain range of 0.6 percent and the most positive strain ratio of 0.5. Under these conditions, small Type 2 inclusions reduced life substantially-- about 20 times, whereas large Type 1 inclusions dramatically reduced life 100 times. These results clearly demonstrate that it is essential to include the effects of inclusions for realistic predictions of disk fatigue life. Important issues, including temperature dependence, crack initiation versus propagation, surface treatments, realistic disk features and machining, and realistic disk spin testing will be addressed to accurately model inclusion effects on disk fatigue life. Fatigue life varied from well over 105 cycles for no inclusions to a little over 103 cycles for 100-micrometer inclusions. A single crack initiating at a surface-connected seeded inclusion caused failure in each case.

Gabb, Timothy P.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Automatic arc welding of propulsion system tubing in close proximity to sensitive electronic devices

The planned final assembly of the Galileo spacecraft propulsion system tubing, which involves welding in close proximity to sensitive electronics, raised significant concerns about the effects of electromagnetic coupling of weld energy on CMOS and other sensitive integrated circuits. A test program was established to assess the potential of an orbital arc welder and an RF-induction brazing machine to damage sensitive electronic equipment. Test parameters were varied to assess the effectiveness of typical transient suppression practices such as grounding, bonding, and shielding. A technique was developed to calibrate the hazard levels at the victim-circuit location; this technique is described along with the results and conclusions of the test program.

Lumsden, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Electromechanical systems with transient high power response operating from a resonant ac link

The combination of an inherently robust asynchronous (induction) electrical machine with the rapid control of energy provided by a high frequency resonant ac link enables the efficient management of higher power levels with greater versatility. This could have a variety of applications from launch vehicles to all-electric automobiles. These types of systems utilize a machine which is operated by independent control of both the voltage and frequency. This is made possible by using an indirect field-oriented control method which allows instantaneous torque control all four operating quadrants. Incorporating the ac link allows the converter in these systems to switch at the zero crossing of every half cycle of the ac waveform. This zero loss switching of the link allows rapid energy variations to be achieved without the usual frequency proportional switching loss. Several field-oriented control systems were developed under contract to NASA.

Burrows, Linda M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Characterization of Additively Manufacture GRCop-42 and GRCop-84

GRCop-42 (Cu-4 at.% Cr-2 at.% Nb) is a copper-based alloy optimized for high temperature, high thermal conductivity applications such as regenerative cooled rocket engine liners. For this application, it is important to minimize contamination such as trace elements and ceramic inclusions. NASA initiated a series of ten builds by eight companies to assess the repeatability of GRCop-42 between vendors and machines. Utilizing inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques allowed for identification of contaminants and quantification of their chemistry. In addition, additive manufacturing (AM) creates a unique microstructure that is often highly textured in the build (Z) direction. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to begin quantifying the degree of crystallographic texture in the copper matrix grains. It was also used to identify the crystallographic form of Cr2Nb, the main strengthening phase, present in the samples. Results showed the presence of ceramic inclusions, highly textured grains, and both the low and high temperature phases of Cr2Nb being present.

copper↗
NASA NTRS2013

NASA Tech Briefs, December 2013

Topics include: Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector With; Selective Polarization Coupling; Flexible Microstrip Circuits for; Superconducting Electronics; CFD Extraction Tool for TecPlot From DPLR Solutions; RECOVIR Software for Identifying Viruses; Enhanced Contact Graph Routing (ECGR) MACHETE Simulation Model; Orbital Debris Engineering Model (ORDEM) v.3; Scatter-Reducing Sounding Filtration Using a Genetic Algorithm and Mean Monthly Standard Deviation; Thermo-Mechanical Methodology for Stabilizing Shape Memory Alloy Response; Hermetic Seal Designs for Sample Return Sample Tubes; Silicon Alignment Pins: An Easy Way To Realize a Wafer-to-Wafer Alignment; Positive-Buoyancy Rover for Under Ice Mobility; Electric Machine With Boosted Inductance to Stabilize Current Control; International Space Station-Based Electromagnetic Launcher for Space Science Payloads; Advanced Hybrid Spacesuit Concept Featuring Integrated Open Loop and Closed Loop Ventilation Systems; Data Quality Screening Service.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2026

Particle Filter Based Inference Testing

The primary intent of PAR-FIT (Particle Filter based Inference Testing) is to provide hard inductive evidence that a machine learning model is capable and proven for an individual test input. By examining training data used to form the underlying model functional correlation, an estimate of the reliability that a model will make the correct prediction can be made. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test is used to derive a qualitative evaluation for reliability based on hypothesis testing. The PAR-FIT framework achieves this by implementing a particle filter and the sequential probability ratio test algorithms on the machine learning model training data to determine relevancy of new individual test samples to the training dataset. The kernel function evaluates the local proximity and density of training data used to derive a prediction outcome. Particles are used to probabilistically determine which training data to evaluate for proximity. For test samples that are within a close proximity to and surrounded by multiple training data points, the evaluated reliability of the prediction is high. For test samples that are anomalies not represented by the training dataset, in low density data clusters, or are far from existing data points, the evaluated reliability is low as insufficient training evidence exists to suggest the model is capable of making the correct prediction. Sequential Probability Ratio Test is further used to determine when a hypothesis on whether a signal can be rejected or accepted for use. The ratio test collects sequence information from the particle filter to test whether the signal is anomalous or normal via hypothesis testing of the underlying distributions.

Chen, Edward [Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Ida↗
NASA NTRS1969

Channel-wall limitations in the magnetohydrodynamic induction generator

Discussion of magnetohydrodynamic induction generator examines the machine in detail and materials problems influencing its design. The higher upper-temperature limit of the MHD system promises to be more efficient than present turbine systems for generating electricity.

Jackson, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Representation in incremental learning

Work focused on two areas in machine learning: representation for inductive learning and how to apply concept learning techniques to learning state preferences, which can represent search control knowledge for problem solving. Specifically, in the first area the issues of the effect of representation on learning, on how learning formalisms are biased, and how concept learning can benefit from the use of a hybrid formalism are addressed. In the second area, the issues of developing an agent to learn search control knowledge from the relative values of states, of the source of that qualitative information, and of the ability to use both quantitative and qualitative information in order to develop an effective problem-solving policy are examined.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2026

Future foundries: A convergent manufacturing platform

This article introduces the Future Foundries platform developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a first-generation research system designed to demonstrate convergent manufacturing. Convergent manufacturing brings together additive, subtractive, and transformative processes in a digitally interconnected environment to enable end-to-end production workflows. By linking traditionally discrete steps, convergent platforms accelerate production, improve repeatability, and support high-mix, low-volume manufacturing. The Future Foundries platform exemplifies this vision in practice by combining four modular, vendor-agnostic process cells that include robotic WAAM, induction heating, optical metrology, and machining, coordinated through an automated pallet handler and a ROS 2-based digital thread. This architecture provides the flexibility and scalability needed for agile production in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises and for field deployable manufacturing. Two case studies illustrate the platform’s capabilities. The first presents an integrated workflow for fabricating, transforming, and repairing critical replacement components, showing how consolidated thermal, additive, inspection, and machining operations reduce manual part handling and streamline process flow. The second case study highlights coordinated multi-part production enabled by automated pallet logistics and multi-cell scheduling. Together, these examples showcase convergent manufacturing as a practical and scalable strategy for strengthening domestic casting and forging capacity, improving supply-chain resilience, and enabling rapid, adaptable production of mission-critical components.

Convergent manufacturing↗
NASA NTRS1992

Software design as a problem in learning theory (a research overview)

Our interest in automating software design has come out of our research in automated reasoning, inductive inference, learnability, and algebraic machine theory. We have investigated these areas extensively, in connection with specific problems of language representation, acquisition, processing, and design. In the case of formal context-free (CF) languages we established existence of finite learnable models ('behavioral realizations') and procedures for constructing them effectively. We also determined techniques for automatic construction of the models, inductively inferring them from finite examples of how they should 'behave'. These results were obtainable due to appropriate representation of domain knowledge, and constraints on the domain that the representation defined. It was when we sought to generalize our results, and adapt or apply them, that we began investigating the possibility of determining similar procedures for constructing correct software. Discussions with other researchers led us to examine testing and verification processes, as they are related to inference, and due to their considerable importance in correct software design. Motivating papers by other researchers, led us to examine these processes in some depth. Here we present our approach to those software design issues raised by other researchers, within our own theoretical context. We describe our results, relative to those of the other researchers, and conclude that they do not compare unfavorably.

Fass, Leona F.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Machine Learning–Guided Boolean Matrix Inference for Real-Time O-RAN Conflict Detection

Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) are emerging, software-driven cellular architectures that promote flexibility by enabling components from different vendors to interoperate. Multiple control applications called xApps can independently adjust network parameters in near real time, often without awareness of each other's actions. This creates a system highly prone to unintended conflicts and performance degradation due to the inherent complexity of such openness. To model such systems and ultimately prevent or mitigate xApp conflicts, it is essential to understand the dynamic relationships between xApps (A), the control parameters they adjust (P), and the resulting KPI responses (K). While the mappings from A to P and from K to A can often be derived from xApp specifications, the relationship from P to K is typically hidden within the system’s dynamics and must be inferred from observed data. We propose a novel data-driven Boolean inference framework that uncovers the hidden P?K dependencies using machine learning and interpretable rule induction. Continuous parameters and KPIs are first binarized using decision tree classifiers, and a binary influence matrix L is then inferred by solving Boolean matrix equations over time. This compact representation improves interpretability and enables real-time tracking of dynamically evolving parameter-KPI dependencies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in a realistic mobile handover scenario, where it accurately recovers the underlying logic and enables proactive conflict detection.

42 - ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1990

Machine learning of fault characteristics from rocket engine simulation data

Transformation of data into knowledge through conceptual induction has been the focus of our research described in this paper. We have developed a Machine Learning System (MLS) to analyze the rocket engine simulation data. MLS can provide to its users fault analysis, characteristics, and conceptual descriptions of faults, and the relationships of attributes and sensors. All the results are critically important in identifying faults.

Ke, Min↗
NASA NTRS1985

Energy Saver

Harris Semiconductor Company used technology which they found in Tech Briefs as the basis for an integrated circuit to reduce onto one chip most of the circuitry of the motors, for example working machines, drill presses, etc. Harris produced an induction motor energy saver (IMES) centered upon a silicon chip. The chip computes the precise voltage and the IMES monitors the motor and provides the energy. An IMES equipped drill press uses only 79 watts of energy as compared to the usual 160 watts.

Source record↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Current Status and Future Plans for Electric Motors and Drives at NASA

Current Status and Future Plans for Electric Motors and Drives at NASA: Our work advances propulsion for aircraft while reducing energy consumption, noise, emissions and the cost of air travel. We are committed to investigating the use of alternative energy sources and improving the safety and expediency of flight. Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) is the use of propulsors (propellers or fans) driven by electric motors to propel aircraft ranging from air taxis to subsonic transports. NASA is developing technology, aircraft concepts, test aircraft, and ground test facilities to turn this idea from science fiction to reality. Specifically, motors and/or generators (Electric machines) are needed on all electrified aircraft. And NASA is sponsoring or performing work to achieve power densities 2-3 times the state of the art for machines in the MW or larger class. Three major machine types are being developed: permanent magnet, induction, and wound field. Power converters are also an essential component in most EAP aircraft concepts, as they are used to convert from ac to dc power, or vice versa. Silicon carbide and gallium nitride convertors are being developed with conventional cooling as well as a cryogenically cooled converter. Future plans include demonstrating integrated flight-ready systems in both ground and flight tests; collaborating with and leveraging ARPA-E EAP programs; and supporting FAA standards development for market acceptance and safety.

Powertrain↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Current Status and Future Plans for Electric Motors and Drives at NASA

Our work advances propulsion for aircraft while reducing energy consumption, noise, emissions and the cost of air travel. We are committed to investigating the use of alternative energy sources and improving the safety and expediency of flight. Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) is the use of propulsors (propellers or fans) driven by electric motors to propel aircraft ranging from air taxis to subsonic transports. NASA is developing technology, aircraft concepts, test aircraft, and ground test facilities to turn this idea from science fiction to- reality. Specifically, motors and/or generators (Electric machines) are needed on all electrified aircraft. And NASA is sponsoring or performing work to achieve power densities 2-3 times the state of the art for machines in the MW or larger class. Three major machine types are being developed: permanent magnet, induction, and wound field. Power converters are also an essential component in most EAP aircraft concepts, as they are used to convert from ac to dc power, or vice versa. Silicon carbide and gallium nitride convertors are being developed with conventional cooling as well as a cryogenically cooled converter. Future plans include demonstrating integrated flight-ready systems in both ground and flight tests; collaborating with and leveraging ARPA-E EAP programs; and supporting FAA standards development for market acceptance and safety.

Aircraft↗
NASA NTRS1993

Miniature Gas-Circulating Machine

Proposed gas-circulating machine consists essentially of centrifugal pump driven by induction motor. Noncontact bearings suppress wear and contamination. Used to circulate helium (or possibly hydrogen or another gas) in regeneration sorption-compressor refrigeration system aboard spacecraft. Also proves useful in terrestrial applications in which long life, reliability, and low contamination essential.

Swift, Walter L.↗