Satellite altimetry applications: operational oceanography from space
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This new TOPEX/POSEIDON product provides the full mission data set in a new format with many data quality improvements brought about by the work of many scientists during the mission. It is a revised form to the MGDR-A CD-ROM set which covered data from the beginning of the mission, Septermber 22, 1992 to April 23, 1996.
Exceeding all expectations of measurement precision and accuracy, the US/France TOPEX/Poseidon satellite mission is now in its 5th year. Returning more than 98 percent of the altimetric data, the measured global geocentric height of the sea surface has provided unprecedented opportunities to address a host of scientific problems ranging from the dynamics of ocean circulation to the distribution of internal tidal energy. Scientific highlights of this longest-running altimetric satellite mission include improvements in our understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the large-scale ocean variability, such as, the properties of planetary waves; the energetics of basin-wide gyres; the heat budget of the ocean; and the ocean's response to wind forcing. For the first time, oceanographers have quantitative descriptions of a dynamic variable of the physical state of the global oceans available in near-real-time.
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An approach to scalable surface-drifting buoys is needed to enable the high spatial and temporal resolution of oceanographic data that the science and meteorological communities are asking for. With the number of active buoys predicted to increase by a factor of 100 or more, the impact on the environment becomes even more important. Here, we present a pathway to a scalable and sustainable generation of buoys. We identify the main criteria to be used when developing such buoys to be low cost, with reliable data and neutral or even positive environmental impact. For each buoy subsystem—hull, electronics, energy generation and storage, sensors, and communication system—cutting-edge technological solutions are presented, many of them from emerging research in marine or other disciplines. We then assess the potential solutions against the design criteria and plot a path toward small, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and low-power buoys.
Aircraft and spacecraft remote sensing of oceanographic features and interpretation of photography taken during Apollo 501 mission
Planning efforts toward oceanographic satellite system as part of NASA Earth Resources Program
Orbiting satellite global all-weather oceanographic data acquisition to complement higher resolution data from ships, buoys and aircraft remote sensors
Remote sensing platform requirements for oceanographic and meteorologic observations, discussing orbital and aircraft platforms
Photometer and photoelectron differential energy analyzer development and nitrogen spectrometry for upper atmosphere physics
Coastal zone oceanographic priorities planning for Earth Resources Technology Satellite observation
Spacecraft radar equipment for remote measurements of ocean characteristics
Airborne tests of multispectral scanners to determine usefulness of remote sensors in surveying river, coastal, and deep-sea phenomena
Spaceborne oceanographic data acquisition and utilization, and remote sensor development
Conference proceedings on hydrology and meteorology investigations under Earth Resources Program - Vol. 3