<development of on-line man-machine system performance measurement and display techniques< letter progress report, 1 mar. - 31 may 1965
Man-machine performance measurements
HUMAN PERFORMANCE↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Obtaining system performance measures from routh's algorithm.
Diamessis state matrix equation approach to calculating system performance measures from Routh algorithm
SYSTEM STABILITY↗
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the ICESat Mission: Initial Science Measurement Performance
The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System is the space lidar on the NASA ICESat mission. Its design combines an altimeter with 5 cm precision with a laser pointing angle determination system and a dual wavelength cloud and aerosol lidar. GLAS measures the range to the Earth s surface with 1064 nm laser pulses. Each laser pulse produces a precision pointing measurement from the stellar reference system (SRS) and an echo pulse waveform, which permits range determination and waveform spreading analysis. The single shot ranging accuracy is < 10 cm for ice surfaces with slopes < 2 degrees. GLAS also measures atmospheric backscatter profiles at both 1064 and 532 nm. The 1064 nm measurements use an analog Si APD detector and measure the height and profile the backscatter signal from thicker clouds. The measurements at 532 nm use photon counting detectors, and will measure the vertical height distributions of optically thin clouds and aerosol layers Before launch, the measurement performance of GLAS was evaluated using a lidar test instrument called the Bench Check Equipment (BCE). The BCE was developed in parallel with GLAS and served as an inverse altimeter, inverse lidar and a stellar source simulator. It was used to simulate the range of expected optical inputs to the GLAS receiver by illuminating its telescope with simulated background light as well as laser echoes with known powers, energy levels, widths and delay times. The BCE also allowed monitoring of the transmitted laser energy, the angle measurements of the SRS, the co-alignment of the transmitted laser beam to the receiver line of sight, and performance of the flight science algorithms. Performance was evaluated during the GLAS development, before and after environmental tests, and after delivery to the spacecraft. The ICESat observatory was launched into a 94 degree inclination, 590 km altitude circular polar orbit on January 12,2003. Beginning in early February, GLAS was powered on tested in stages. Its 1064 nm optical receiver was evaluated in a several tests using both solar background light and an internal test source. Laser 1 was activated on February 20,2003. GLAS operated with Laser 1 for 38 continuous days on orbit using its 1064 nm receiver channel, producing over 130 million individual laser measurements of the Earth s surface and atmosphere. These nadir-pointed measurements fell along the ICESat s ground track, and spanned more than 4 cycles of the initial 8-day ICESat repeat orbit. The initial GLAS measurement set shows strong echo pulses from ranging to the surface topography, oceans, ice sheets and cloud tops, as well as profiles of clouds and aerosols. The GLAS measurements have unprecedented vertical and angular resolution, and show nearly continuous height profiles of ice, land and ocean surfaces or cloud tops, as well profiles of backscatter from thin clouds and aerosol layers. Examples of these GLAS measurements and an initial assessment of its science measurement performance will be presented.
Abshire, James B.↗
Human performance measurement: Validation procedures applicable to advanced manned telescience systems
As telescience systems become more and more complex, autonomous, and opaque to their operators it becomes increasingly difficult to determine whether the total system is performing as it should. Some of the complex and interrelated human performance measurement issues are addressed as they relate to total system validation. The assumption is made that human interaction with the automated system will be required well into the Space Station Freedom era. Candidate human performance measurement-validation techniques are discussed for selected ground-to-space-to-ground and space-to-space situations. Most of these measures may be used in conjunction with an information throughput model presented elsewhere (Haines, 1990). Teleoperations, teleanalysis, teleplanning, teledesign, and teledocumentation are considered, as are selected illustrative examples of space related telescience activities.
Haines, Richard F.↗
ACTS Battery and Solar Array Assembly On-Orbit Measured Performance
The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) is a NASA experimental communications satellite system designed to demonstrate on-orbit Ka-band communications and switching technologies that will be used by NASA and the commercial sector in the 21st century. The ACTS was launched on September 12, 1993, and has performed over 10 years of successful experimental operations. The purpose of this report is to describe the ACTS power subsystem and the ACTS solar array and battery assemblies located within the power subsystem and then to document on-orbit measured performance from launch to mission end on April 28, 2004. Solar array and battery performance data is presented, and respective conclusions are drawn. The total solar array power available to the spacecraft was measured each year at the same time, and battery voltage performance was measured twice per year at the same times during peak solar eclipse. At the highest spacecraft power demand, the ACTS uses approximately 1113 W of electrical power during the low-burstrate experiment to operate all six satellite subsystems. After 10 years of on-orbit operation, solar array available output power normal to the Sun measured 1508 W, which represents 395 W of excess margin. The ACTS batteries have successfully supported the ACTS experiment program for over 10 years and operated in excess of 900 charge and discharge cycles through 21 eclipse seasons.
Hilderman, Don R.↗
Challenges in DAC Sorbent Performance Measurements
This poster outlines the current challenges the Direct Air Capture Center is facing with Sorbent Performance Measurements.
McNary, Christopher↗
Performance measures for compressed and coded space telemetry systems.
Data compression and error control coding in space telemetry analyzed, using performance measures similar to distortion function
ERROR DETECTING CODE↗
Space Station Application of Simulator-Developed Aircrew Coordination and Performance Measures
This paper summarizes a study in progress at NASA/Ames Research Center to develop measures of aircrew coordination and decision-making factors and to relate them to flight task performance, that is, to crew and system performance measures. The existence of some similar interpersonal process and task performance requirements suggests a potential application of these methods in space station crew research -- particularly research conducted in ground-based mock-ups. The secondary objective of this study should also be of interest: to develop information on crew process and performance for application in developing crew training programs.
Murphy, Miles↗
Performance measurements of the electromagnetic calorimeter and readout electronics system for the DarkQuest experiment
Here, this paper presents performance measurements of a new readout electronics system based on silicon photomultipliers for the PHENIX electromagnetic calorimeter. Installation of the lead-scintillator Shashlik style calorimeter into the SeaQuest/SpinQuest spectrometer has been proposed to broaden the experiment’s dark sector search program, an upgrade known as DarkQuest. The calorimeter and electronics system were subjected to testing and calibration at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. Detailed studies of the energy response and resolution, as well as particle identification capabilities, were performed. The background rate in the actual experimental environment was also examined. The system is found to be well-suited for a dark sector search program on the Fermilab 120 GeV proton beamline.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Performance measurement of nonverbal mediation Semiannual status report, 1 Oct. 1968 - 31 Mar. 1969
Operator training effects on performance measurement of nonverbal mediation
Alluisi, E. A.↗
Measured performance of a 3 ton LiBr absorption water chiller and its effect on cooling system operation
A three ton lithium bromide absorption water chiller was tested for a number of conditions involving hot water input, chilled water, and the cooling water. The primary influences on chiller capacity were the hot water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature. One combination of these two parameters extended the output to as much as 125% of design capacity, but no combination could lower the capacity to below 60% of design. A cooling system was conceptually designed so that it could provide several modes of operation. Such flexibility is needed for any solar cooling system to be able to accommodate the varying solar energy collection and the varying building demand. It was concluded that a three-ton absorption water chiller with the kind of performance that was measured can be incorporated into a cooling system such as that proposed, to provide efficient cooling over the specified ranges of operating conditions.
Namkoong, D.↗
Measured performance of a 3-ton LiBr absorption water chiller and its effect on cooling system operation
A 3-ton lithium bromide absorption water chiller was tested for a number of conditions involving hot-water input, chilled water, and the cooling water. The primary influences on chiller capacity were the hot water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature. One combination of these two parameters extended the output to as much as 125% of design capacity, but no combination could lower the capacity to below 60% of design. A cooling system was conceptually designed so that it could provide several modes of operation. Such flexibility is needed for any solar cooling system to be able to accommodate the varying solar energy collection and the varying building demand. It is concluded that a 3-ton absorption water chiller with the kind of performance that was measured can be incorporated into a cooling system such as that proposed, to provide efficient cooling over the specified ranges of operating conditions.
Namkoong, D.↗
Degradation of Insulating Glass Units: Thermal Performance, Measurements and Energy Impacts
Insulating glass unit (IGU) degradation has been studied extensively. However, there is limited understanding of how present durability evaluation standards relate to product lifetime. Furthermore, there is debate on how to quantify performance of installed windows over time to better understand degradation processes. More knowledge on these topics is required to link durability evaluation to product lifetime projections based on energy performance. Energy models provide helpful estimations of total annual building energy consumption. However, most models are based on “as installed” performance of envelope components and fail to account for performance degradation. This can lead to an underestimation of building lifetime energy consumption. A better understanding of the relationship between durability and energy performance can inform integration of degradation dynamics into energy modeling software. This will improve lifetime building energy consumption estimations as well as inform appropriate retrofit strategies and timing. This paper reviews current durability literature, various standards for window performance ratings and weathering methods, existing in situ IGU energy performance measurement techniques, and whole-building energy effects. The challenges and disparities among various studies are analyzed and discussed. The authors hope that further work in this area will lead to the development of improved in situ test methods to assess IGU degradation in the field and link this knowledge to improved energy performance modeling approaches.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Calculated and measured performance of a 'near ideal' locally reacting duct liner in grazing incidence
The calculated acoustic response of a nearly ideal (locally reacting and linear) duct liner has been compared with its measured performance. The ceramic honeycomb liner structure was such that the local reaction assumption was well satisfied over the frequency range of interest (0.5-3.0 kHz). In addition, the high repeatability of the measured impedance values over a large SPL range verified the assumption of linearity. A finite element algorithm was used to compute the duct liner transmission properties in terms of the liner's normal incidence impedance and the duct termination impedance using a plane wave source. Very good agreement between theory and experiment was observed in general, but required accurate normal impedance values in the high attenuation frequency bands of the liner's response.
Parrott, T. L.↗
Thermodynamic performance measure for cryogenic vessel insulation
Commonly encountered 'passive' insulation has been improved in recent years using 'dynamic'insulation based on closed cycle cryocoolers attached to photon shields. The paper presents a novel insulation performance measure based on ideal thermodynamic limits. Each floating insulation package has a unique value. In contrast real vessels with vent tube and supports are characterized by an 'effectiveness' less than unity.
Chen, W. E. W.↗
Telerobotic system performance measurement - Motivation and methods
A systems performance-based strategy for modeling and conducting experiments relevant to the design and performance characterization of telerobotic systems is described. A developmental testbed consisting of a distributed telerobotics network and initial efforts to implement the strategy described is presented. Consideration is given to the general systems performance theory (GSPT) to tackle human performance problems as a basis for: measurement of overall telerobotic system (TRS) performance; task decomposition; development of a generic TRS model; and the characterization of performance of subsystems comprising the generic model. GSPT employs a resource construct to model performance and resource economic principles to govern the interface of systems to tasks. It provides a comprehensive modeling/measurement strategy applicable to complex systems including both human and artificial components. Application is presented within the framework of a distributed telerobotics network as a testbed. Insight into the design of test protocols which elicit application-independent data is described.
Kondraske, George V.↗
Reciprocal - MSE and SNR as distinct performance measures in below-threshold communication.
The possible advantages of using algorithms that are minimum mean-square-error (MSE) optimal, or other averaging-type demodulators with frequency position modulation (FPM), are investigated. An attempt is made to describe the performance of the optimal and various suboptimal demodulators in terms of three parameters which depend on SNR and bandwidth expansion. The performance measures investigated are the reciprocal of the normalized mean-square error and the output SNR, which are different in the below-threshold region. The former is compared to the rate-distortion bound. The possible advantage of averaging-type discriminators from the point of view of the threshold is discussed.
Bar-David, I.↗
Generalized variables for controlling Government Transfer Services with respect to performance measures
The term Government Transfer Services is used in reference to any of the organized streams of public resources that flow into private economic activity. This includes such activities as offshore leasing, Social Security, and NASA technology transfer services. This paper describes a performance measure, empirical results, a theory, and a control model for such services. These are illustrated by a specific example (NASA). An agenda for developing this service control method is also presented.
Johnson, F. D.↗