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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Space power demonstration stations

NASA major planning decisions from 1955 to date are summarized and new concepts connected with the advent of the Space Transportation Systems (STS) are set forth. The future Shuttle utilizations are considered, from 'manned booster' function for space transportation to such operations as deployment of modules and stations and assembly of large structures in space. The permanent occupancy of space will be a major goal of the space systems development in the 1980's with the following main phases: (1) achievement of easy access to earth orbit by means of the Shuttle and Spacelab; (2) achievement of permanent occupancy (Space Stations); (3) self-sufficiency of man in space. New techniques of space operation will become possible, using much larger, complicated satellites and simplified ground stations. Orbital assembly of large stations, using a permanent base in orbit, will enable practical utilization of space systems for everyday needs. Particular attention is given to the space solar power concept, involving the location in space of large satellite systems. Results of the studies on Manned Orbital Systems Concept (MOSC) and some future possibilities of Space Stations are analyzed.

Freitag, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The Soviet aim - A permanent base in space

The goals of the Soviet manned space program, which apparently include the establishment of a permanent manned presence in space, are discussed. The operational experience of the Salyut-6 space station, which in the past four years has hosted six major manned expeditions and 10 short visits, is considered, and the launch of the Cosmos 1267 spacecraft currently orbiting the earth attached to Salyut 6 is examined. The modular nature of Soviet space stations as a result of the relatively low power of their launch vehicles is noted. Attention is then given to the history of the Salyut program, particularly the design, operational history and equipment of Salyut 6, and to the probable nature of Cosmos 1267 as space station module which also carried an experimental reentry vehicle which returned to earth shortly after launch. The opposite directions of Soviet and American manned space programs, one towards permanent stations and the other toward quick, frequent and easy access to space, are emphasized, and the potential benefits of a coordinated approach are noted.

Oberg, J.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Penetrator Science Objectives for the Moon and Artemis

Some key decadal-scale mission goals at the Moon have been proposed, these include sample return, the establishment of a lunar geophysical network, and exploring extreme environments, such as the permanently shadowed regions at the lunar poles. These environments present accessibility challenges, though contain significant rewards for science return. Small penetrator experiments have great potential for precursor and survey missions for the exploration of these environments, producing early science data and later mission planning. Penetrators have been conceptualized for planetary exploration for several decades but have yet to be operated successfully. Penetrators are designed to be self-contained vehicles with a suite of instruments de-signed to survive and function after achieving certain depth into the regolith using the kinetic energy of impact, or designed to measure mechanical (or compositional) properties as part of a much larger vehicle.

C. J. Ahrens↗
NASA NTRS1989

Feeding-associated alterations in striatal neurotransmitter release

Published evidence suggests a role for dopaminergic (DA) brain pathways in feeding-associated behaviors. Using the novel technique of brain microdialysis of striatal extracellular fluid (ECF) as an index of DA release, Church et al. described increases in levels of DA when animals had limited access to pellets, but not with free access. Dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens did increase with free access to pellets post starvation or after food reward. We used permanently implanted microdialysis probes to measure ECF levels of DA, DOPAC, HVA, and large neutral amino acids (LNAA) for up to 72 hours after implantation among rats experiencing different dietary regimens.

NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Lunar Mega Project: Processes, Work Flow and Terminology of the Terrestrial Construction Industry versus the Space Industry

Recent developments around the world show an increased interest and international activity toward developing a lunar surface human and robotic presence with a long term, sustainable vision. In Europe, the construction of a "Moon Village" has been proposed, and China has stated its intention to build a research station with a crew at the lunar South Pole. Russia stated it will land cosmonauts on the Moon in the 2030's. India has sent an orbiter, a robotic lander, and rover to the Moon. The USA intends to land the first woman and a man on the Moon by 2024 to initiate a sustained human lunar presence.A lunar research station with associated commercial activities will require infrastructure to become a permanent capability. Landing and launch pads, propellant storage and distribution farms, spacecraft access and handling structures, cranes, blast protection berms or walls, roads, graded areas, dust stabilized areas, foundations, parking lots, radiation shelters, micro-meteorite protection hangars, habitats and other human shelters, greenhouse farms, utility trenches, power plants, industrial water and oxygen extraction plants, communications antenna towers, thermal protection, mining zones, crater access and sub-surface access will be required to create a safe and sustainable lunar operations capability. This infrastructure will require significant construction activities in an extreme environment, with risky and expensive operations. On Earth, there are similar large and expensive projects (>$1 Billion) in difficult locations that attract a lot of public attention. These are known as "Mega Projects" and examples include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems. Large consortiums consisting of public and private entities typically implement these infrastructure Mega-Projects.This paper will compare the typical design process, project management process, and work flow in the terrestrial construction industry to the space industry in order to create a better understanding between the terrestrial construction industry and the space industry, to further enable collaboration on a lunar Mega Project to build infrastructure on the Moon. In addition, a glossary of respective industry terminology with annotated linkages and definitions has been compiled. This information will enable contracts and business practices to be formulated for generating requests for proposals (RFP) by governments to consortiums consisting of construction and space industry companies that will bid on Lunar Infrastructure Projects that could lead to contracts to build the permanent capabilities.

Robert P Mueller↗
NASA NTRS1991

Delta Advanced Reusable Transport (DART): An alternative manned spacecraft

Although the current U.S. Space Transportation System (STS) has proven successful in many applications, the truth remains that the space shuttle is not as reliable or economical as was once hoped. In fact, the Augustine Commission on the future of the U.S. Space Program has recommended that the space shuttle only be used on missions directly requiring human capabilities on-orbit and that the shuttle program should eventually be phased out. This poses a great dilemma since the shuttle provides the only current or planned U.S. means for human access to space at the same time that NASA is building toward a permanent manned presence. As a possible solution to this dilemma, it is proposed that the U.S. begin development of an Alternative Manned Spacecraft (AMS). This spacecraft would not only provide follow-on capability for maintaining human space flight, but would also provide redundancy and enhanced capability in the near future. Design requirements for the AMS studied include: (1) capability of launching on one of the current or planned U.S. expendable launch vehicles (baseline McDonnell Douglas Delta II model 7920 expendable booster); (2) application to a wide variety of missions including autonomous operations, space station support, and access to orbits and inclinations beyond those of the space shuttle; (3) low enough costing to fly regularly in augmentation of space shuttle capabilities; (4) production surge capabilities to replace the shuttle if events require it; (5) intact abort capability in all flight regimes since the planned launch vehicles are not man-rated; (6) technology cut-off date of 1990; and (7) initial operational capability in 1995. In addition, the design of the AMS would take advantage of scientific advances made in the 20 years since the space shuttle was first conceived. These advances are in such technologies as composite materials, propulsion systems, avionics, and hypersonics.

Lewerenz, T.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Power Beaming for Deep Space and Permanently Shadowed Regions

Power beaming involves the wireless transfer of power, and could provide a revolutionary new way to power spacecraft and vehicles operating in difficult to access regions. Power beaming has the potential to represent an alternative solution to power spacecraft and landers where sunlight is unavailable. It could provide a source of power to robotic systems in permanently shadowed regions or power landers and rovers from orbiting spacecraft (e.g.,Moon, Mars, Europa, Enceladeus, Miranda).

Brophy, John↗
NASA NTRS2021

Power Beaming for Deep Space and Permanently Shadowed Regions

Power beaming involves the wireless transfer of power, and could provide a revolutionary new way to power spacecraft and vehicles operating in difficult to access regions. Power beaming has the potential to represent an alternative solution to power spacecraft and landers where sunlight is unavailable. It could provide a source of power to robotic systems in permanently shadowed regions (PSR) or power landers and rovers from orbiting spacecraft (e.g., Moon, Mars, Europa, Enceladeus, Miranda).

Elliott, John↗
DOE OSTI2020

Topology optimization of permanent magnets for stellarators

In this work, we introduce a topology optimization method to design permanent magnets for advanced stellarators. Recent researches show that permanent magnets have great potentials to simplify stellarator coils. We adopt state-of-the-art numerical techniques to determine the presence of magnets in the entire designing space. The FAMUS code is developed and it can design engineering-feasible permanent magnets for general stellarators satisfying the constraints of the maximum material magnetization and explicit forbidden regions. FAMUS has been successfully verified against the previously proposed linear method. Three different permanent magnet designs together with planar TF coils for a half-Tesla NCSX configuration have been obtained for demonstrations. The designs have good accuracy in generating the desired equilibrium and offer considerably large plasma access on the outboard side. The results show that FAMUS is a flexible, advanced numerical tool for future permanent magnet stellarator designs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS2011

Solar Wind Access to Lunar Polar Craters: Feedback Between Surface Charging and Plasma Expansion

Determining the plasma environment within permanently shadowed lunar craters is critical to understanding local processes such as surface charging, electrostatic dust transport, volatile sequestration, and space weathering. In order to investigate the nature of this plasma environment, the first two-dimensional kinetic simulations of solar wind expansion into a lunar crater with a self-consistent plasma-surface interaction have been undertaken. The present results reveal how the plasma expansion into a crater couples with the electrically-charged lunar surface to produce a quasi-steady wake structure. In particular, there is a negative feedback between surface charging and ambipolar wake potential that allows an equilibrium to be achieved, with secondary electron emission strongly moderating the process. A range of secondary electron yields is explored, and two distinct limits are highlighted in which either surface charging or ambipoiar expansion is responsible for determining the overall wake structure.

Zimmerman, M. I.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Planetary Data Workshop, Part 1

The community of planetary scientists addresses two general problems regarding planetary science data: (1) important data sets are being permanently lost; and (2) utilization is constrainted by difficulties in locating and accessing science data and supporting information necessary for its use. A means to correct the problems, provide science and functional requirements for a systematic and phased approach, and suggest technologies and standards appropriate to the solution were explored.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1999

Using Transom Jack in the Human Engineering Analysis of the Materials Science Research Rack-1 and Quench Module Insert

This paper describes the human engineering analysis performed on the Materials Science Research Rack-1 and Quench Module Insert (MSRR-1/QMI) using Transom Jack (Jack) software. The Jack software was used to model a virtual environment consisting of the MSRR-1/QMI hardware configuration and human figures representing the 95th percentile male and 5th percentile female. The purpose of the simulation was to assess the human interfaces in the design for their ability to meet the requirements of the Pressurized Payloads Interface Requirements Document - International Space Program, Revision C (SSP 57000). Jack was used in the evaluation because of its ability to correctly model anthropometric body measurements and the physical behavior of astronauts working in microgravity, which is referred to as the neutral body posture. The Jack model allows evaluation of crewmember interaction with hardware through task simulation including but not limited to collision avoidance behaviors, hand/eye coordination, reach path planning, and automatic grasping to part contours. Specifically, this virtual simulation depicts the human figures performing the QMI installation and check-out, sample cartridge insertion and removal, and gas bottle drawer removal. These tasks were evaluated in terms of adequate clearance in reach envelopes, adequate accessibility in work envelopes, appropriate line of sight in visual envelopes, and accommodation of full size range for male and female stature maneuverability. The results of the human engineering analysis virtual simulation indicate that most of the associated requirements of SSP 57000 were met. However, some hardware design considerations and crew procedures modifications are recommended to improve accessibility, provide an adequate work envelope, reduce awkward body posture, and eliminate permanent protrusions.

Dunn, Mariea C.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Performance and Reliability Assessment of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Advisor (ADA)

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility provides one of the world's largest openly accessible repositories of atmospheric observations through the ARM Data Discovery platform. Although the repository contains more than three decades of measurements collected from permanent observatories, mobile facilities, aircraft campaigns, and field experiments, identifying appropriate datasets can be challenging, particularly for new users unfamiliar with ARM instrumentation and datastream organization. To improve data accessibility, the ARM Data Center developed the ARM Data Advisor (ADA), an artificial intelligence-powered assistant designed to facilitate scientific data discovery, dataset interpretation, and user guidance. This report evaluates ADA's performance as a domain-specific scientific assistant using realistic atmospheric science workflows. The evaluation examines five key capabilities: data retrieval and curation efficiency, hallucination resistance, scientific reasoning, response to ambiguous queries, and content retention and session continuity. Representative prompts were developed to simulate typical interactions between researchers and the ARM Data Discovery platform, and ADA's responses were assessed for retrieval completeness, scientific accuracy, consistency, and practical usefulness. In these representative tests, ADA reduced the complexity of discovering and accessing ARM datasets by recommending appropriate datastreams, explaining instrumentation, interpreting metadata, and assisting with data processing workflows. ADA also exhibits strong domain knowledge of atmospheric science terminology and generally resists hallucination by acknowledging unavailable datasets and requesting clarification when appropriate. Overall, the results indicate that ADA represents a promising advancement in scientific data discovery within the ARM User Facility and has considerable potential to improve researcher productivity, particularly for new users and interdisciplinary scientists seeking efficient access to ARM observations.

Salvador, Christian [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000283287777↗
NASA NTRS1995

Space Station program status and research capabilities

Space Station will be a permanent orbiting laboratory in space which will provide researchers with unprecedented opportunities for access to the space environment. Space Station is designed to provide essential resources of volume, crew, power, data handling and communications to accommodate experiments for long-duration studies in technology, materials and the life sciences. Materials and coatings for exposure research will be supported by Space Station, providing new knowledge for applications in Earthbased technology and future space missions. Space Station has been redesigned at the direction of the President. The redesign was performed to significantly reduce development, operations and utilization costs while achieving many of the original goals for long duration scientific research. An overview of the Space Station Program and capabilities for research following the redesign is presented below. Accommodations for pressurized and external payloads are described.

Holt, Alan C.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space Station Freedom research capabilities

NASA's plan for enhancing space-based research capabilities begins with extended-duration Space Shuttle missions that will double the research capability currently provided by Spacelab and culminate in Space Station Freedom. The 14-day USML 1 mission flown on the Space Shuttle in June 1992 was a space station precursor mission, dedicated to microgravity and life science research. Freedom will be a permanent space-based research facility, providing a working environment nearly free of buoyancy-driven convection, sedimentation, and hydrostatic pressure and featuring access to the ultra-high vacuum of space (for external payloads). In its crew-tended phase, Space Station Freedom will provide 40 times Spacelab's capability, and in its permanently occupied phase, Freedom will provide 110 times Spacelab's capability. (The Russian space station, Mir, offers 26 times Spacelab's capabilities.) According to NASA's current schedule, the first launch of a space station element will take place in November 1995, with permanently occupied capability planned for September 1999. This year, NASA will conduct space station critical design reviews (CDR's). Work package design reviews will take place from February to April 1993, followed by a systems CDR.

Moorehead, Robert↗
NASA NTRS2012

Flight Data Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Repository

Dr. Daniel Winterhalter, NASA Engineering and Safety Center Chief Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, requested the NASA Engineering and Safety Center sponsor a 3-year effort to collect entry, descent, and landing material and to establish a NASA-wide archive to serve the material. The principle focus of this task was to identify entry, descent, and landing repository material that was at risk of being permanently lost due to damage, decay, and undocumented storage. To provide NASA-wide access to this material, a web-based digital archive was created. This document contains the outcome of the effort.

Martinez, Elmain M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Progress on the Development and Qualification of a 12-kW Hall-Effect, Solar Electric Propulsion Thruster

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to evolve the human exploration approach for beyond low-Earth orbit and in a manner involving international, academic, and industry partners. The center of this approach is NASA’s Gateway program that will establish a permanent human presence in lunar orbit for human cislunar science, operations, and lunar surface access to eventually land the next American astronauts on the south pole of the Moon. In support of the effort, NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) began a project to increase the state of the art for the Hall-Effect Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) technology. The resulting Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) project has developed a 12 kW Hall-effect thruster in support of the Gateway program. The project is managed by the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), supported by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with development, qualification & flight hardware all supplied by L3 Harris Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR). Development of the 12-kW Hall thruster electric propulsion system began with maturation of the Hall Effect Rocket with Magnetic Shielding (HERMeS) Technology Demonstration Units (TDUs). The technology development was then transitioned to AR via the AEPS contract, which built and tested two Engineering Test Unit (ETU) thrusters and multiple critical components. The project transitioned to the production of the three flight thrusters and entered qualification testing at the component and thruster levels.

Electric Propulsion↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Progress on the Development and Qualification of a 12-kW Hall-Effect, Solar Electric Propulsion Thruster

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to evolve the human exploration approach for beyond low-Earth orbit and in a manner involving international, academic, and industry partners. The center of this approach is NASA’s Gateway program that will establish a permanent human presence in lunar orbit for human cislunar science, operations, and lunar surface access to eventually land the next American astronauts on the south pole of the Moon. In support of the effort, NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) began a project to increase the state of the art for the Hall-Effect Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) technology. The resulting Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) project has developed a 12 kW Hall-effect thruster in support of the Gateway program. The project is managed by the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), supported by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with development, qualification & flight hardware all supplied by L3 Harris Aerojet Rocketdyne (AR). Development of the 12-kW Hall thruster electric propulsion system began with maturation of the Hall Effect Rocket with Magnetic Shielding (HERMeS) Technology Demonstration Units (TDUs). The technology development was then transitioned to AR via the AEPS contract, which built and tested two Engineering Test Unit (ETU) thrusters and multiple critical components. The project transitioned to the production of the three flight thrusters and entered qualification testing at the component and thruster levels.

Electric Propulsion↗