Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas. Chlorophyll measurements in upwelling areas by remote sensing (CURS)
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
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Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Repeated coverage over the test site along the northwest coast of Africa showed that the structure of chlorophyll distribution is much more complicated than expected from continuous recordings. ERTS-1 data showed a very fast change in the chlorophyll distribution and it seems that also the concentration changes quickly. ERTS-1 showed on some frames offshore transportation of dust from the Sahara. All frames from Channel 7 will be arranged as a montage to derive the transportation pattern of dust. This step is important in biological aspects of interpreting ERTS-1 data, because the dissolution kinetics of eolian dust particles may influence significantly the chemistry of the surface water. Since visibility and the biochemistry of the test site off Africa are influenced by the dust transport, dust collection will be included in the ground truth program. Besides chlorophyll and other hydrographical parameters, the dust load in the test area will be measured. The collection plan is discussed along with a description of the high volume air sampler and the Anderson particle sizing head sampler to be used for the dust measurements.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Sekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Szekielda, K.↗
Dynamics of plankton populations in upwelling areas
The author has identified the following significant results. Spectral properties of the upwelled waters off the NW coast of Africa were studied with observations derived from aircraft and Skylab. Results indicate that the two-channel, ratio approach is ineffective in determining surface chlorophyll concentrations. Ocean color boundaries and temperature gradients were found to be directly correlated with each other and also with fishing effort in the upwelling region. Photographic and scanner data derived from Skylab were effective in locating ocean boundaries and mapping temperature distributions.
Szekielda, K. H.↗
A Preliminary Survey of Plankton and Periphyton in the Turn Barge Canal and Basin Area of Kennedy Space Center, Florida
While thirty-seven species of various groups of organisms were identified at the five stations at KSC, further sampling is needed to further enumerate and identify phytoplankton and periphyton for the long term monitoring program and assessment for a probable polygeneration site. Thallophyta, Cyanophyta coccoid and Chrysophyta pennate were the dominant organisms. Chlorobium was the most abundant Thallophyta. Pennate diatoms were larger and more abundant at station one. The absence of Skeletonema costatum was surprising. Stations four and five appear to be acid marsh swales. Rhabdoderma lineare, a Cyanophyta coccoid found in acid lakes, was abundant in stations four and five.
Barnes, G. D.↗
Relationships between near-surface plankton concentrations, hydrography, and satellite-measured sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) mapped by IR satellite images and in situ hydrographic measurements off the west coast of British Columbia for early-winter and midsummer periods were correlated with in situ measurements of surface chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration. Correlations between winter log(e) transformed zooplankton concentrations and SSTs demonstrated that IR satellite imagery could explain 49 percent of the sampled zooplankton concentration variance. A least-squares-fit nonlinear equation showed that satellite-measured SST patterns explained 72 percent of the log(e) transformed chlorophyll variance. However, summer zooplankton concentrations were not consistently related to satellite temperature patterns.
Thomas, A. C.↗
Investigation of Isotopic and Geochemical Evidence for an Active Planktonic Biota in the Precambrian
The funded research was motivated by the earlier study of Burdett et al. (1990), who collected carbon and oxygen isotopic data from Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Northwest Territories from deep-and shallow-water facies of the Rocknest Platform. Their results displayed a possible decrease in (delta)C-13 with depth when arranged by increasing distance from the paleoshore. The most C-13-depleted samples were seafloor cements and fans from the underlying siliciclastic Odjick Formation, and slope carbonates of the Rocknest platform.
Kump, Lee R.↗
The Role of Mesoscale Variability on Plankton Dynamics in the North Atlantic
The intensive field observational phase of JGOFS in the North Atlantic Ocean has shown the importance of oceanic mesoscale variability on biogeochemical cycles and on the strength of the ocean biological pump. Mesoscale physical dynamics govern the major time/space scales of bulk biological variability (biomass, production, and export). Mesoscale eddies seem to have a strong impact on the ecosystem structure and functioning, but observational evidence is rather limited. For the signature of the mesoscale features to exist in the ecosystem, the comparison of temporal scales of formation and evolution of mesoscale features and reaction of the ecosystem is a key factor. Biological patterns are driven by active changes in biological source and sink terms rather than simply by passive turbulent mixing. A first modelling assessment of the regional balances between horizontal and vertical eddy-induced nutrient supplies in the euphotic zone shows that the horizontal transport predominates over the vertical route in the subtropical gyre, whereas the reverse holds true for the other biogeochemical provinces of the North Atlantic. Presently, despite some difference in numbers, the net impact of modelled eddies yields an enhancement of the biological productivity in most provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean. Key issues remaining include variation on the mesoscale of subsurface particle and dissolved organic matter remineralization, improved knowledge of the ecological response to patterns of variability, synopticity in mesoscale surveys along with refining measures of biogeochemical time/space variability. Eventual success of assimilation of in situ and satellite data, still in its infancy in coupled physical/biogeochemical models, will be crucial to achieve JGOFS synthesis in answering which data are most informative, standing stocks or rates, and which ones are relevant. Depending on which end of the spectrum quantification of the effect of mesoscale features on production and community structure is required, complementary strategies are offered. Either one may choose to increase resolution of models up to the very fine mesoscale features scale (a few kms) for the high end, or to include a parametric representation of eddies for the low end.
Garcon, Veronique C.↗
The Role of Mesoscale Variability on Plankton Dynamics in the North Atlantic
The intensive field observational phase of JGOFS in the North Atlantic Ocean has shown the importance of oceanic mesoscale variability on biogeochemical cycles and on the strength of the ocean biological pump. Mesoscale physical dynamics govern the major time/space scales of bulk biological variability (biomass, production and export). Mesoscale eddies seem to have a strong impact on the ecosystem structure and functioning, but observational evidence is rather limited. For the signature of the mesoscale features to exist in the ecosystem, the comparison of temporal scales of formation and evolution of mesoscale features and reaction of the ecosystem is a key factor. Biological patterns are driven by active changes in biological source and sink terms rather than simply by passive turbulent mixing. A first modelling assessment of the regional balances between horizontal and vertical eddy-induced nutrient supplies in the euphotic zone shows that the horizontal transport predominates over the vertical route in the subtropical gyre, whereas the reverse holds true for the other biogeochemical provinces of the North Atlantic. Presently. despite some difference in numbers, the net impact of modelled eddies yields an enhancement of the biological productivity in most provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean. Key issues remaining include variation on the mesoscale of subsurface particle and dissolved organic matter remineralization, improved knowledge of the ecological response to patterns of variability, synopticity in mesoscale surveys along with refining measures of biogeochemical time/space variability. Eventual success of assimilation of in situ and satellite data, still in its infancy in coupled physical/biogeochemical models, will be crucial to achieve JGOFS synthesis in answering which data are most informative, standing stocks or rates, and which ones are relevant. Depending on which end of the spectrum quantification of the effect of mesoscale features on production and community structure is required, complementary strategies are offered. Either one may choose to increase resolution of models up to the very fine mesoscale features scale (a few kms) for the high end, or to include a parametric representation of eddies for the low end.
Garcon, Veronique, C.↗
NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission: Applications
PACE will extend and improve NASA's 20-plus years of global satellite observations of our living ocean, aerosols, and clouds and initiate an advanced set of climate-relevant data records. By determining the distribution of phytoplankton, PACE will help assess ocean health. It will also continue key measurements related to air quality and climate. This strategic mission is a Program of Record in the 2017 Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications for Space.
Kim, Grace↗
Calibration Plan for the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on the Plankton, Aerosol, and Cloud ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission
The basic product measured by OCI is the top-of atmosphere (TOA) radiance at different wavelengths. Three types of calibration/characterization are necessary for ocean color processing: Pre launch calibration/characterization (absolute/spectral calibration and image artifacts), On-orbit calibration (solar diffuser and lunar measurements) and Vicarious calibration (in-situ measurements of water-leaving radiance).
Meister, Gerhard↗
The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) Mission and Its Polarimeters: An Overview
Key characteristics of the PACE observatory include: the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), built at GSFC; the Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP-2), contributed by the Earth and Space Institute at the University of Maryland Baltimore County; the Spectro-polarimeter for Planetary Exploration (SPEXone), contributed by a Netherlands-based consortium consisting of the Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON) and Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands; 676.5 km altitude and 13:00 local Equatorial crossing time; Sun synchronous, polar, ascending orbit with 98º inclination; and fall 2022 launch, three-year design life.
Cairns, Brian↗