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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Oxygen potential measurement and point defect chemistry of UO{sub 2}

Many studies on the oxygen potential of UO{sub 2} have been carried out so far. However, the oxygen potential data for UO{sub 2} near the stoichiometric composition in the high temperature region (1673-1873 K) are limited. Recently, Kato's group had investigated oxygen potential of (U, Pu)O{sub 2} as functions of Pu content, oxygen-to-metal (O/M) ratio and temperature. They evaluated the data based on defect chemistry. The UO{sub 2} data are fundamental to evaluate oxygen potential in UO{sub 2}-PuO{sub 2} solid solution. In this work, the oxygen potential data of UO{sub 2+x} were extended to the high temperature range of 1673-1873 K by gas equilibrium method. The measured data were analyzed based on a defect chemistry model. Kroeger-Vink's diagram were obtained in UO{sub 2+x}. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1984

The analysis of forest policy using Landsat multi-spectral scanner data and geographic information systems

The role of Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data for forest policy analysis in the state of California has been investigated. The combined requirements for physical, socio-economic, and institutional data in policy analysis were studied to explain potential data needs. A statewide MSS data and general land cover classification was created from which country-wide data sets could be extracted for detailed analyses. The potential to combine point sample data with MSS data was examined as a means to improve specificity in estimations. MSS data was incorporated into geographic information systems to demonstrate modeling techniques using abiotic, biotic, and socio-economic data layers. The review of system configurations to help the California Department of Forestry (CDF) acquire the capability demonstrated resulted in a sequence of options for implementation.

Peterson, D. L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Supplementary spatial data for Available Land for Cellulosic Biofuel Production: A Supply Chain Centered Comparison

Collection of the underlying spatially explicit data for Available Land for Cellulosic Biofuel Production: A Supply Chain Centered Comparison. Includes raw biomass yield data and soil carbon sequestration potential data for three types of marginal land for the USA midwest at the field level including field areas. Collection also includes raw land rasters for the three types of marginal land, model parameters for the MILP model used in the study, and results used to generate the figures in the paper.

bioenergy landscape design↗
NASA NTRS1981

A-10/TF34 Turbine Engine Monitoring System (TEMS)

The hardware and software development of the A-10/TF34 turbine engine monitoring system (TEMS) is described. The operation and interfaces of the A-10/TF34 TEMS hardware are discussed with particular emphasis on function, capabilities, and limitations. The TEMS data types are defined and the various data acquisition modes are explained. Potential data products are also discussed.

Christopher, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Spatial Distribution of Accuracy of Aerosol Retrievals from Multiple Satellite Sensors

Remote sensing of aerosols from space has been a subject of extensive research, with multiple sensors retrieving aerosol properties globally on a daily or weekly basis. The diverse algorithms used for these retrievals operate on different types of reflected signals based on different assumptions about the underlying physical phenomena. Depending on the actual retrieval conditions and especially on the geographical location of the sensed aerosol parcels, the combination of these factors might be advantageous for one or more of the sensors and unfavorable for others, resulting in disagreements between similar aerosol parameters retrieved from different sensors. In this presentation, we will demonstrate the use of the Multi-sensor Aerosol Products Sampling System (MAPSS) to analyze and intercompare aerosol retrievals from multiple spaceborne sensors, including MODIS (on Terra and Aqua), MISR, OMI, POLDER, CALIOP, and SeaWiFS. Based on this intercomparison, we are determining geographical locations where these products provide the greatest accuracy of the retrievals and identifying the products that are the most suitable for retrieval at these locations. The analyses are performed by comparing quality-screened satellite aerosol products to available collocated ground-based aerosol observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations, during the period of 2006-2010 when all the satellite sensors were operating concurrently. Furthermore, we will discuss results of a statistical approach that is applied to the collocated data to detect and remove potential data outliers that can bias the results of the analysis.

Petrenko, Maksym↗
NASA NTRS1976

Potential role of remote sensing in disaster relief management

Baseline or predisaster data which would be useful to decision making in the immediate postdisaster period were suggested for the six areas of public health concern along with guidelines for organizing these data. Potential sources of these data are identified. In order to fully assess the impact of a disaster on an area, information about its predisaster status must be known. Aerial photography is one way of acquiring and recording such data.

Rush, M.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Quantitative Infrared Absorption Spectra and Vibrational Assignments of Crotonaldehyde and Methyl Vinyl Ketone Using Gas-Phase Mid-Infrared, Far-Infrared, and Liquid Raman Spectra: s-cis vs s-trans Composition Confirmed via Temperature Studies and ab Initio Methods

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and crotonaldehyde are chemical isomers; both are also important species in tropospheric chemistry. We report quantitative vapor-phase infrared spectra of crotonaldehyde and MVK vapors over the 540-6500 cm-1 range. Vibrational assignments of all fundamental modes are made for both molecules based on far- and mid-infrared vapor-phase spectra, liquid Raman spectra, along with density functional theory and ab initio MP2 and high energy-accuracy compound theoretical models (W1BD). Theoretical results indicate that at room temperature the crotonaldehyde equilibrium mixture is approximately 97% s-trans and only 3% s-cis conformer. Nearly all observed bands are thus associated with the s-trans conformer, but a few appear to be uniquely associated the s-cis conformer, notably ν16c at 730.90 cm-1, which displays a substantial intensity increase with temperature (62% upon going from 5 to 50 oC). The intensity of the corresponding mode of the s-trans conformer decreases with temperature. Under the same conditions, the MVK equilibrium mixture is approximately 69% s-trans conformer and 31% s-cis. W1BD calculations indicate that for MVK this is one of those (rare) cases where there are comparable populations of both conformers, ~doubling the number of observed bands and exacerbating the vibrational assignments. We uniquely assign the bands associated with both the MVK s-cis conformer as well as those of the s-trans, thus completing the vibrational analyses of both conformers from the same set of experimental spectra. Integrated band intensities are reported for both molecules along with global warming potential values. Using the quantitative IR data, potential bands for atmospheric monitoring are also discussed.

Lindenmaier, Rodica↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA)

The Carbon Storage Technical Viability Approach (CS TVA) StoryMap provides an in-depth overview of the products created during the CS TVA research effort. In detail, the StoryMap addresses the CS TVA Matrix, Database Version 2.0, Database Catalog, Workflow, and Data Availability Result Database, discussing how each was developed and implemented. Information on how the matrix, database, and database catalog are interconnected, and their usage is also explained. The workflow section provides information on the CS TVA product development from the data-gathering stage to the final data availability results. A section on an expansion of the CS TVA workflow that utilizes Natural Language processing (NLP) section was included. Finally, the Data Availability Results Database is discussed. These results provide data science-informed insights into potential data gaps when assessing the viability of carbon storage in a given area or region.

Carbon Storage↗
DOE OSTI2020

Constraining the Milky Way Mass Profile with Phase-space Distribution of Satellite Galaxies

We estimate the Milky Way (MW) halo properties using satellite kinematic data including the latest measurements from Gaia DR2. With a simulation-based 6D phase-space distribution function (DF) of satellite kinematics, we can infer halo properties efficiently and without bias, and handle the selection function and measurement errors rigorously in the Bayesian framework. Applying our DF from the EAGLE simulation to 28 satellites, we obtain an MW halo mass of $M={1.23}_{-0.18}^{+0.21}\times {10}^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ and a concentration of $c={9.4}_{-2.1}^{+2.8}$ with the prior based on the M–c relation. The inferred mass profile is consistent with previous measurements but with better precision and reliability due to the improved methodology and data. Potential improvement is illustrated by combining satellite data and stellar rotation curves. Using our EAGLE DF and best-fit MW potential, we provide much more precise estimates of the kinematics for those satellites with uncertain measurements. Compared to the EAGLE DF, which matches the observed satellite kinematics very well, the DF from the semi-analytical model based on the dark-matter-only simulation Millennium II (SAM-MII) over-represents satellites with small radii and velocities. We attribute this difference to less disruption of satellites with small pericenter distances in the SAM-MII simulation. Finally, by varying the disruption rate of such satellites in this simulation, we estimate a ~5% scatter in the inferred MW halo mass among hydrodynamics-based simulations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2006

Near Discharge Cathode Assembly Plasma Potential Measurements in a 30-cm NSTAR Type Ion Engine During Beam Extraction

Floating emissive probe plasma potential data are presented over a two-dimensional array of locations in the near Discharge Cathode Assembly (DCA) region of a 30-cm diameter ring-cusp ion thruster. Discharge plasma data are presented with beam extraction at throttling conditions comparable to the NASA TH Levels 8, 12, and 15. The operating conditions of the Extended Life Test (ELT) of the Deep Space One (DS1) flight spare ion engine, where anomalous discharge keeper erosion occurred, were TH 8 and TH 12 consequently they are of specific interest in investigating discharge keeper erosion phenomena. The data do not validate the presence of a potential hill plasma structure downstream of the DCA, which has been proposed as a possible erosion mechanism. The data are comparable in magnitude to data taken by other researchers in ring-cusp electron-bombardment ion thrusters. The plasma potential structures are insensitive to thruster throttling level with a minimum as low as 14 V measured at the DCA exit plane and increasing gradually in the axial direction. A sharp increase in plasma potential to the bulk discharge value of 26 to 28 volts, roughly 10 mm radially from DCA centerline, was observed. Plasma potential measurements indicate a low-potential plume structure that is roughly 20 mm in diameter emanating from the discharge cathode that may be attributed to a free-standing plasma double layer.

Herman, Daniel A.↗
NASA NTRS2019

A Joint Analysis of GPS Displacement and GRACE Geopotential Data for Simultaneous Estimation of Geocenter Motion and Gravitational Field

Gravitational potential data from GRACE are being used to study mass redistribution within and between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and solid Earth. The GRACE data are made available in a reference frame with its origin at the center of mass of the Earth system (geocenter) while many other geophysical models and data sets refer to a reference frame attached to the Earth's surface. Changes in the offset between these reference frames (geocenter motion) must be accounted for when GRACE data are used to quantify surface mass changes. In this study, we developed a technique for co‐estimation of geocenter motion and gravitational potential field seamlessly from degree 1 to 90 by simultaneously inverting a set of globally‐distributed GPS displacement time series and the temporally‐varying GRACE gravity data. We found that the effect of geocenter motion was evident particularly in the GPS time series of horizontal displacements. Our estimates of geocenter motion are most consistent with the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) results within 1 mm in X and Z components and a submillimeter in Y component, when compared to monthly variability averaged over the period of 2003–2016. The overall magnitude of the degree‐1 (l = 1) surface mass load is estimated to be ~3 cm in equivalent water height annually migrating south‐westward from Europe (December–January) to the South Pacific (June–July). Our results also show that dense GPS network data improve water storage recovery in major river basins in the United States and Europe by contributing significantly to the recovery of higher‐degree (l ≥ ~20) geopotential coefficients.

Razeghi, Mahdiyeh↗
NASA NTRS2008

ULTOR(Registered TradeMark) Passive Pose and Position Engine For Spacecraft Relative Navigation

The ULTOR(Registered TradeMark) Passive Pose and Position Engine (P3E) technology, developed by Advanced Optical Systems, Inc (AOS), uses real-time image correlation to provide relative position and pose data for spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control. Potential data sources include a wide variety of sensors, including visible and infrared cameras. ULTOR(Registered TradeMark) P3E has been demonstrated on a number of host processing platforms. NASA is integrating ULTOR(Registerd TradeMark) P3E into its Relative Navigation System (RNS), which is being developed for the upcoming Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission 4 (SM4). During SM4 ULTOR(Registered TradeMark) P3E will perform realtime pose and position measurements during both the approach and departure phases of the mission. This paper describes the RNS implementation of ULTOR(Registered TradeMark) P3E, and presents results from NASA's hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing against the HST mockup.

Hannah, S. Joel↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterizing the performance of node-aware strategies for irregular point-to-point communication on heterogeneous architectures

Supercomputer architectures are trending toward higher computational throughput due to the inclusion of heterogeneous compute nodes. These multi-GPU nodes increase on-node computational efficiency, while also increasing the amount of data to be communicated and the number of potential data flow paths. In this work, we characterize the performance of irregular point-to-point communication with MPI on heterogeneous compute environments through performance modeling, demonstrating the limitations of standard communication strategies for both device-aware and staging-through-host communication techniques. Presented models suggest staging communicated data through host processes then using node-aware communication strategies for high inter-node message counts. Notably, the models also predict that node-aware communication utilizing all available CPU cores to communicate inter-node data leads to the most performant strategy when communicating with a high number of nodes. Furthermore, model validation is provided via a case study of irregular point-to-point communication patterns in distributed sparse matrix–vector products. Importantly, we include a discussion on the implications model predictions have on communication strategy design for emerging supercomputer architectures.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1988

Atomic forces between noble gas atoms, alkali ions, and halogen ions for surface interactions

The components of the physical forces between noble gas atoms, alkali ions, and halogen ions are analyzed and a data base developed from analysis of the two-body potential data, the alkali-halide molecular data, and the noble gas crystal and salt crystal data. A satisfactory global fit to this molecular and crystal data is then reproduced by the model to within several percent. Surface potentials are evaluated for noble gas atoms on noble gas surfaces and salt crystal surfaces with surface tension neglected. Within this context, the noble gas surface potentials on noble gas and salt crystals are considered to be accurate to within several percent.

Wilson, J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for Optimization of Pre-Commercial Enzymes Dosage for a Potential Lignocellulosic Biorefinery

Lignocellulolytic enzymes remain one of the primary cost constraints in second-generation (2G) ethanol biorefineries. Achieving efficient hydrolysis of structural carbohydrates with minimal enzyme dosage, maintaining slurry fermentability for industrially relevant ethanol titers, and maximizing ethanol yield per ton of biomass are among the major challenges in 2G processes. In this study, we optimized the dosages of pre-commercial cellulase (NS22257) and hemicellulase (NS22244) on pilot-scale, hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. Enzyme dosages were evaluated at three levels: 20 mg of cellulase with 7.25 mg of hemicellulase (ED-1), 40 mg with 14.5 mg (ED-2), and 60 mg with 21.75 mg (ED-3). As expected, the highest sugar yields were obtained with ED-3; however, for sweet sorghum, oilcane, and miscanthus, sugar yields from ED-2 and ED-3 were not significantly different (p < 0.05). For example, sweet sorghum produced 123.78 ± 1.54 g L−1 and 125.76 ± 0.46 g L−1 of total sugars (glucose and xylose) with ED-2 and ED-3, respectively. Although energycane exhibited a statistically significant difference between ED-2 and ED-3, the incremental gain with ED-3 was modest, increasing sugar release by only 9.02 g L−1 relative to ED-2. Importantly, ED-1 resulted in sugar yields of 88.88 ± 3.64 to 106.86 ± 1.21 g L−1, sufficient to achieve ethanol titers ≥40 g L−1, the threshold required for industrial relevance. A semi-integrated bioprocess validated this outcome, producing 42.09 ± 2.38 g L−1 ethanol and an estimated yield of 213.38 L of ethanol per dry ton of pretreated biomass, requiring only 20.83 L of cellulase and 6.25 L of hemicellulase per ton. Remarkably, these enzyme dosages were approximately tenfold lower than those reported in prior studies.

Energycane↗
NASA NTRS1982

Information Science Panel joint meeting with Imaging Science Panel

Specific activity in information extraction science (taken to include data handling) is needed to: help identify the bounds of practical missions; identify potential data handling and analysis scenarios; identify the required enabling technology; and identify the requirements for a design data base to be used by the disciplines in determining potential parameters for future missions. It was defined that specific analysis topics were a function of the discipline involved, and therefore no attempt was made to define any specific analysis developments required. Rather, it was recognized that a number of generic data handling requirements exist whose solutions cannot be typically supported by the disciplines. The areas of concern were therefore defined as: data handling aspects of system design considerations; enabling technology for data handling, with specific attention to rectification and registration; and enabling technology for analysis. Within each of these areas, the following topics were addressed: state of the art (current status and contributing factors); critical issues; and recommendations for research and/or development.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2026

FIRM: federated image reconstruction using multimodal tomographic data

Here, we propose a federated algorithm for reconstructing images using multimodal tomographic data sourced from dispersed locations, addressing the challenges of traditional unimodal approaches that are prone to noise and reduced image quality, as well as the limitations of centralized multimodal approaches that require extensive data transfer, leading to significant communication overhead, storage demands, and potential data privacy concerns. Our approach formulates a joint inverse optimization problem incorporating multimodality constraints and solves it in a federated framework through local gradient computations complemented by lightweight central operations, thereby ensuring data decentralization. Leveraging the connection between our federated algorithm and the quadratic penalty method, we introduce an adaptive step-size rule with guaranteed sublinear convergence. Numerical results demonstrate superior computational efficiency and improved image reconstruction quality compared to existing approaches.

federated algorithm↗
DOE OSTI2024

Catalyzing deep decarbonization with federated battery diagnosis and prognosis for better data management in energy storage systems

Industrial data analytics methods play a central role in improving energy storage performance and efficiency, impacting the future of electrified transportation and renewable electricity generation. However, significant challenges hinder the large-scale deployment of batteries. Conventional methods rely on centralized collection and processing of fleet-level data, leading to database size issues and privacy concerns due to potential data breaches. To enable scalable deployment of battery management systems, this article proposes a federated battery diagnosis and prognosis model, which distributes the processing of battery standard current-voltage-time-usage data in a privacy-preserving manner. Instead of transferring the raw data, this approach communicates only the locally processed parameters, thus reducing communication load and preserving data confidentiality. The federated model offers a paradigm shift in battery health management through privacy-preserving distributed methods for battery data processing and lifetime prediction, ensuring the reliable and sustainable deployment of lithium-ion batteries in a rapidly evolving world.

asset health management↗