Some results of the experimental investiga- tions of the atmospheric turbulence using radiosondes
Use of radiosondes to measure atmospheric turbulences
ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE↗
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Radiosonde data system.
Automatic radiosonde data processing system providing azimuth and elevation angles, temperature, humidity, etc
AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM↗
Comparison of Tiros 7, 15-micron data with radiosonde temperatures Final report
Comparison of Tiros 7 15 micron carbon dioxide channel radiometer temperature data with temperature data from radiosondes
Belmont, A. D.↗
Errors of radiosonde and rocketsonde temperature sensors.
Error computation in radiosonde and rocketsonde atmospheric temperature sensors by using thermistors of different emissivities
Daniels, G. E.↗
Comparison of 15-mu Tiros VII data with radiosonde temperatures.
Temperatures from 15 micron carbon dioxide channel of Tiros 7 satellite radiometer compared with Northern Hemisphere radiosonde temperatures
Belmont, A. D.↗
Analysis of radiosonde humidity errors based on BOMEX data
Lag correction procedure for radiosonde humidity measurement errors
Crutcher, H. L.↗
A Radiosonde Thermal Sensor Technique for Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence
A system was developed to measure vertical profiles of microthermal turbulence in the free atmosphere. It combines thermal sensor technology with radiosonde balloon systems. The resultant data set from each thermosonde flight is a profile of the strength and distribution of microthermal fluctuations which act as tracers for turbulence. The optical strength of this turbulence is computed and used to predict optical and laser beam propagation statistics. A description of the flight payload, examples of turbulence profiles and comparison with simultaneous stellar observations are included.
Bufton, J. L.↗
A radiosonde thermal sensor technique for measurement of atmospheric turbulence
A new system was developed to measure vertical profiles of microthermal turbulence in the free atmosphere. It combines thermal sensor technology with radiosonde balloon systems. The resultant data set from each thermosonde flight is a profile of the strength and distribution of microthermal fluctuations which act as tracers for turbulence. The optical strength of this turbulence is computed and used to predict optical and laser beam propagation statistics. A description of the flight payload, examples of turbulence profiles, and comparison with simultaneous stellar observations are included.
Bufton, J. L.↗
High resolution vertical profiles of wind, temperature and humidity obtained by computer processing and digital filtering of radiosonde and radar tracking data from the ITCZ experiment of 1977
Results are presented from computer processing and digital filtering of radiosonde and radar tracking data obtained during the ITCZ experiment when coordinated measurements were taken daily over a 16 day period across the Panama Canal Zone. The temperature relative humidity and wind velocity profiles are discussed.
Danielson, E. F.↗
Results on the verification of satellite data based on a comparison with radiosonde data
Results of the verification of satellite wind data are represented by comparing them with radiosonde data for the geostationary satellites METEOSAT, GOES and GMS. The quality of METEOSAT pictures improved, reaching the quality of GOES and GMT wind data.
Steinhorst, G.↗
Moisture analysis from radiosonde and microwave spectrometer data
A method for analysis of the horizontal and vertical distributions of the moisture field utilizing satellite, upper air and surface data is proposed in this paper. A brief overview of the microwave sensors on board Nimbus 5 and 6 is also presented. A technique is provided utilizing the radiosonde data sets to calibrate the satellite field of total precipitable water. Next, the calibrated satellite-derived field is utilized along with ship and coastal reports of moisture, and a vertical structure function to generate vertical distribution of moisture and thus provide a mapping of specific humidity at several levels in the troposphere. Utilizing these procedures, analyses for several case studies were performed. The resultant maps show detailed distribution of specific humidity along with some interesting climatological features. A reasonable acceptance of the available aerological data sets by the analysis scheme is demonstrated.
Haydu, K. J.↗
Correlation of 3 hour radiosonde data with coincident Nimbus-7 total ozone measurements
A special network exercise supporting the VAS demonstration is reported. The second near-real time total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) activity involving out of sequence processing of Nimbus-7 data over the United States and Europe is presented. The ozone data maps were used by airlines to search for regions of clear air turbulence and by an aircraft data gathering program, for synoptic upper air and tropopause height analyses. The TOMS total ozone levels are correlated with radiosonde tropopause height for testing the ability of TOMS data to give independent satellite measurements of tropopause height.
Gatlin, J. A.↗
Accuracy, reproducibility and vertical resolution of data from radiosondes
In a comparison of three radiosonde-systems typical data deviations as well as their reproducibility could be determined. Basic considerations regarding a possible vertical resolution are followed by a suggestion as to how the ascent velocity of the balloon could be utilized to determine vertical winds.
Richner, H.↗
ACARS wind measurements - An intercomparison with radiosonde, cloud motion and VAS thermally derived winds
Statistical comparisons between winds measured by ACARS and winds obtained from radiosondes, geostationary satellite image cloud motions, and VAS are presented. Observations from three separate comparisons reveal over 60 percent of wind vector magnitude differences are within 9 m/s, and 70 percent of the directional differences are within 15 deg. The comparisons indicate that the ACARS system provides an independent source of wind data that complements other sources of wind data for constructing composite wind field analyses.
Lord, R. J.↗
Intercomparisons of high-resolution solar blind Raman lidar atmospheric profiles of water vapor with radiosondes and kytoon
A report is given of measurements of atmospheric profiles of water vapor in the boundary layer by use of solar blind Raman lidar. These measurement episodes, occuring twice a day over a two week period, were accompanied by a dense net of supporting measurements. The support included two radiosonde launches per measurement episodes as well as a kytoon support measurement of water vapor using a wet bulb-dry bulb instrument. The kytoon strategy included ten minute stops at strategic altitudes. Additional kytoon measurements included ozone profiles and nephelometric extinction profiles in the visible. Typically, six or seven 1000 shot lidar profile averages were collected during a measurement episode. Overall performance comparisons are provided and intercomparisons between auxiliary measurement devices are presented. Data on the accuracy of the lidar water vapor profiles are presented.
Petri, K.↗
TOMS ozone data compared at mesoscale resolution to tropopause heights from the AVE radiosonde network and to VAS radiances over the south-central United States
Observations from 1982 are being compared between the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the Atmospheric Variability Experiment (AVE), and the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) across Texas and Oklahoma. TOMS data show a significant ozone maximum over northeastern Texas. AVE radiosonde analysis shows tropopause heights with the highest pressure (lowest altitudes) over central Oklahoma accompanied by a mid-level jet across northern Mexico exiting above the Texas-Gulf coast. Corresponding VAS radiances show a dry slot in the middle tropopause across central Texas accompanied by a secondary slot over Oklahoma. The maxima are separated by 100 to 500 km. The impact of TOMS data on tropopause analysis is preliminarily seen as insignificant because TOMS data is not registered with respect to AVE tropopause heights.
Chesters, Dennis↗
Comparison of Southern Hemisphere radiosonde and LIMS temperatures at 100 mb
Radiosonde (RS)and satellite-derived (Nimbus-7 LIMS) 100-mb temperatures over New Zealand at 12 GMT are compared for the 1978-79 summer. The colocated LIMS temperature information consists of synoptically mapped values (for 12 GMT), as well as the primary nighttime orbital retrievals valid at about 1030 GMT. The RS time series of temperature is dominated by temporal fluctuations associated mainly with the eastward passage of waves which have characteristic periods of 4-5 and 11-12 days and peak-to-peak amplitudes of 10-15 K. The LIMS temperatures and the corresponding temperature time series are also found to exhibit quite close agreement (in terms of temporal phase for the latter) with the RS data. However, the LIMS-mapped temperature fluctuations suffer from a noticeable attenuation in amplitude (approaching 50 percent for higher-frequency fluctuations), which will affect the accuracy of LIMS-derived estimates of dynamical quantities such as wind velocity and relative vorticity in the lower stratosphere.
Miles, T.↗
Spectral analysis of temperature and Brunt-Vaisala frequency fluctuations observed by radiosondes
Recent studies have revealed that vertical wave number spectra of wind velocity and temperture fluctuations in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are fairly well explained by a saturated gravity wave spectrum. But N(2) (N:Brunt-Vaisala (BV) frequency) spectra seem to be better for testing the scaling of the vertical wave number spectra in layers with different stratifications, beause its energy density is proportional only to the background value of N(2), while that for temperature depends on both the BV frequency and the potential temperature. From temperature profiles observed in June to August 1987 over the MU Observatory, Japan, by using a radiosonde with 30 m height resolution, N(2) spectra are determined in the 2 to 8.5 km (troposphere) and 18.5 to 25 km (lower stratosphere) ranges. Although individual spectra show fairly large day-by-day variability, the slope of the median of 34 spectra agrees reasonably with the theoretical value of -1 in the wave number range of 6 x 10(-4) similar to 3 x 10(-3) (c/m). The ratio of the spectral energy between these two height regions is about equal to the ratio of N(2), consistent with the prediction of saturated gravity wave theory.
Tsuda, T.↗