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Long-term Dynamical Stability in the Outer Solar System. I. The Regular and Chaotic Evolution of the 34 Largest Trans-Neptunian Objects

We carried out an extensive analysis of the stability of the outer solar system, making use of the frequency analysis technique over short-term integrations of nearly 100,000 test particles, as well as a statistical analysis of 200 1 Gyr long numerical simulations, which consider the mutual perturbations of the giant planets and the 34 largest trans-Neptunian objects (we have called all 34 objects “dwarf planets,” DPs, even if probably only the largest of them are true DPs). From the frequency analysis, we produced statistical diffusion maps for a wide region of the a–e phase-space plane; we also present the average diffusion time for orbits as a function of perihelion. We later turned our attention to the 34 DPs, making an individualized analysis for each of them and producing a first approximation of their future stability. From the 200 distinct realizations of the orbital evolution of the 34 DPs, we classified the sample into three categories, including 17 stable, 11 unstable, and 6 resonant objects; we also found that, statistically, two objects from the sample will leave the trans-Neptunian region within the next gigayear, most likely being ejected from the solar system, but with a nonnegligible probability of going inside the orbit of Neptune, either to collide with a giant planet or even falling to the inner solar system, where our simulations are no longer able to resolve their continuous evolution.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

140,142 Ce Neutron Cross Section Resolved Resonance Region Evaluation [Abstract]

A resolved resonance region evaluation of 140,142 Ce has been carried out by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Requested by the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program, this evaluation is based on recent high-resolution transmission and capture high-resolution measurements of nat Ce and 142 Ce conducted at JRC-GEEL at the Geel Linear Accelerator facility, as well as recently measured thermal constants available from the EXFOR database. Starting from the resonance parameters from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library and following a preliminary R-matrix analysis, an updated set of resonance parameters and corresponding covariance information was derived by the fit of these experimental datasets using the Reich-Moore approximation of the R-matrix theory as implemented in the SAMMY code system. The resolved resonance region upper energy limit for 140 Ce was kept at 200 keV while the 142 Ce resonance region was extended from 13 to 26 keV. This new evaluation was found to be in good agreement not only with several integral quantities of interest to the reactor physics community, but also with the stellar Maxwellian-averaged cross section.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Photoproduction of two charged pions off protons in the resonance region

Photoproduction of charged pions pairs off protons is studied within the invariant masses of the final state hadrons from 1.6 to 2.4 GeV at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility with the CLAS detector. The total and differential cross sections and spin-density matrix elements are presented for the isobars pρ 0 (770), Δ(1232) ++ π − , and Δ(1232) 0 π + . The data are included in the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis and provide the information necessary to determine the branching fractions of Nρ(770) decays for most known N* and Δ* resonances. For the first time, the Nρ branching ratios are obtained here from an event-based likelihood to γp → π + π − p.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Characterization and interaction of geometric and contact/impact nonlinearities in dynamical systems

Here, we study how a contact/impact nonlinearity interacts with a geometric cubic nonlinearity in an oscillator system. Specific focus is shown to the effects on bifurcation behavior and secondary resonances (i.e., super- and sub-harmonic resonances). The effects of the individual nonlinearities are first explored for comparison, and then the influences of the combined nonlinearities, varying one parameter at a time, are analyzed and discussed. Nonlinear characterization is then performed on an arbitrary system configuration to study super- and sub-harmonic resonances and grazing contacts or bifurcations. Both the cubic and contact nonlinearities cause a drop in amplitude and shift up in frequency for the primary resonance, and they activate high-amplitude subharmonic resonance regions. The nonlinearities seem to never destructively interfere. The contact nonlinearity generally affects the system’s superharmonic resonance behavior more, particularly with regard to the occurrence of grazing contacts and the activation of many bifurcations in the system’s response. The subharmonic resonance behavior is more strongly affected by the cubic nonlinearity and is prone to multistable behavior. Perturbation theory proved useful for determining when the cubic nonlinearity would be dominant compared to the contact nonlinearity. The limiting behaviors of the contact stiffness and freeplay gap size indicate the cubic nonlinearity is dominant overall. It is demonstrated that the presence of contact may result in the activation of several bifurcations. In addition, it is proved that the system’s subharmonic resonance region is prone to multistable dynamical responses having distinct magnitudes.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Estradiol associations with brain functional connectivity in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective Previous studies have found that estrogens play a role in functional connectivity in the brain; however, little research has been done regarding how estradiol is associated with functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estradiol and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. Methods Structural and blood oxygenation level–dependent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans of 88 cognitively healthy postmenopausal individuals were obtained along with blood samples collected the same day as the magnetic resonance imaging to assess hormone levels. We generated connectivity values in CONN toolbox version 20.b, an SPM-based software. Results A regression analysis was run using estradiol level and regions of interest (ROI), including the hippocampus, parahippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Estradiol level was found to enhance parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left functional connectivity during ROI-to-ROI regression analysis. Estradiol enhanced functional connectivity between the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and the precuneus as well as the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and parahippocampal gyrus posterior division right. An exploratory analysis showed that years since the final menstrual period was related to enhanced connectivity between regions within the frontoparietal network. Conclusions These results illustrated the relationship between estradiol level and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. They have implications for understanding how the functioning of the brain changes for individuals after menopause that may eventually lead to changes in cognition and behavior in older ages.

Obstetrics & Gynecology↗

R-matrix Resolved Resonance Region Evaluation of 140,142 Ce

Oak Ridge National Laboratory completed the resolved resonance region (RRR) evaluation of the two most abundant cerium isotopes, 140 Ce (88.45%) and 142 Ce (11.11%), as requested by the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program. These evaluations are based on recent high-resolution transmission and capture measurements performed on nat Ce and highly enriched 142 Ce samples at the JRC-Geel Linear Accelerator facility, as well as measured thermal constants available from the EXFOR database. Starting from the resonance parameters of the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library followed by a preliminary R-matrix analysis, an updated set of resonance parameters and corresponding covariance information were derived by fitting these measured data using the Reich–Moore approximation of the R -matrix theory, as implemented in the SAMMY code system. The 140 Ce RRR upper energy limit was kept at 200 keV, whereas the 142 Ce resonance region was extended from 13 to 26 keV. Updated statistical properties were obtained for the new evaluations and compared to those derived from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library. The new evaluation work improved some of the discrepancies found in previous work, such as the capture resonance integral and stellar Maxwellian-averaged cross sections. These integral quantities were mainly derived from the fit of the latest measured data, especially the neutron capture yield data for 142 Ce isotope.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

𝑅-matrix analysis of 22 Ne states populated in 18 O ⁡(𝛼,𝛼) resonant elastic scattering

The properties of resonances in the 18 O + 𝛼 interaction are important for analyses of astrophysical processes and for understanding of the development of the 𝛼-cluster structure with addition of neutrons to 4N nuclei. Previous high-energy resolution measurements have not been treated using the contemporary 𝑅-matrix approach. We have performed an 𝑅-matrix analysis of the resonant data [D. Powers, J. K. Bair, J. L. C. Ford, Jr., and H. B. Willard, Phys. Rev. 134, B1237 (1964)] and obtained new data on 15 levels in the excitation region of 11.7–12.5 MeV 22 Ne. It appears that the model calculations did not predict the observed tendency in the 20–22 Ne 𝛼 clustering. This paper is the first step of our program of investigation of the 22 Ne spectrum in resonant reactions.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗

Improved $^{95}\mathrm{Mo}$ neutron resonance parameters and astrophysical reaction rates

We report improved 95 Mo neutron resonance parameters and reaction rates are important for nuclear astrophysics, testing nuclear models, and nuclear criticality safety. However, despite many previous neutron-capture and total cross-section measurements on this nuclide, there still is much room for improvement as well as several discrepancies. For example, there are very few firm resonance spin and parity assignments; average resonance parameters are available only for each parity, the currently recommended astrophysical reaction rate results in disagreements between stellar models and meteoric isotopic anomalies, and there are substantial disagreements in the neutron-capture cross section at low energies important for nuclear criticality safety. To obtain an improved set of neutron resonance parameters and astrophysical reaction rates for 95 Mo. High-resolution neutron-capture and transmission data were measured at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) using highly isotopically enriched 95 Mo samples. The neutron-capture apparatus, data reduction, and analysis were improved so that information contained in the γ-ray cascade following neutron capture were used to assign resonance J π values. Following this, simultaneous analysis of the new neutron-capture and transmission data was used to obtain resonance energies, gamma widths, and neutron widths and their uncertainties to a maximum energy of 10 keV. Accurate neutron-capture cross sections also were obtained for the unresolved resonance region to a maximum energy of 500 keV and, together with the new resonance parameters, used to calculate the astrophysical reaction rates in the temperature range from 5 to 30 keV. A vastly improved set of 95Mo neutron resonance parameters and an astrophysical reaction rate accurate to about 3% were obtained. Firm J π assignments were determined for 261 of the 314 observed resonances. This is a very large improvement over the previously published 32 firm J π assignments for 108 resonances. Also, the number of resonances having both firm J π assignments and Γ γ values was increased by almost a factor of 24—from 11 to 261. Neutron- and total-radiation-width distributions and average resonance spacings, average total radiation widths, and neutron strength functions were obtained for the six different s- and p-wave possibilities. Parameters for the lowest s-wave resonance, which is most important for criticality benchmarks, were obtained with high accuracy. Simple modification of the neutron-capture apparatus and expansion and improvement of data analysis techniques led to a large increase in firm J π assignments for 95 Mo neutron resonances. The resulting astrophysical reaction rate is 20%–30% larger than the currently recommended rate at s-process temperatures, which should lead to better agreement between stellar models and meteoric isotopic anomalies. The neutron-capture cross section at low energies is substantially larger than recommended in the latest evaluation, which is problematical for criticality benchmarks. The average resonance spacing as a function of spin and parity is significantly different from current models. The total-radiation-width distributions are significantly broader than predicted by theory and show significant departures from the expected Gaussian shapes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Comparative analysis of KRAS4a and KRAS4b splice variants reveals distinctive structural and functional properties

KRAS, the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer, produces two isoforms, KRAS4a and KRAS4b, through alternative splicing. These isoforms differ in exon 4, which encodes the final 15 residues of the G-domain and hypervariable regions (HVRs), vital for trafficking and membrane localization. While KRAS4b has been extensively studied, KRAS4a has been largely overlooked. Our multidisciplinary study compared the structural and functional characteristics of KRAS4a and KRAS4b, revealing distinct structural properties and thermal stability. Position 151 influences KRAS4a’s thermal stability, while position 153 affects binding to RAF1 CRD protein. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis identified localized structural differences near sequence variations and provided a solution-state conformational ensemble. Notably,KRAS4aexhibits substantial transcript abundance in bile ducts, liver, and stomach, with transcript levels approachingKRAS4bin the colon and rectum. Functional disparities were observed in full-length KRAS variants, highlighting the impact of HVR variations on interaction with trafficking proteins and downstream effectors like RAF and PI3K within cells.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗

Photoproduction of η mesons off the proton for 1.2 < E γ < 4.7GeV using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction $\gamma p\to p\eta$ using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The $\eta$ mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, $\eta\to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new $\eta$ photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The normalized angular distributions are also compared with the experimental results from several other experiments, and with predictions of $\eta$ MAID\,2018 and the latest solution of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis. Differential cross sections $d\sigma/dt$ are presented for incident photon energies $E_\gamma > 2.9$ GeV ($W > 2.5$ GeV), and compared with predictions which are based on Regge trajectories exchange in the $t$-channel (Regge models). Overall, the data confirm the expected dominance of $\rho$, $\omega$ vector-meson exchange in an analysis by the Joint Physics Analysis Center.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Probing ethane phase changes in bead pack via high-field NMR spectroscopy

Phase equilibria analysis in two-phase systems requires discernment of the individual phases as well as the interfacial region. The phase behavior of fluids in constraint geometries have been studied through several techniques. High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HF-NMR) can be used to detect fluid phases, i.e. gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid, in the bulk or under confinement. In solution-state HF-NMR, each phase exhibits a distinct chemical shift that correlates to the phase density. In turn, the emergence of multimodal in NMR spectra reveals the coexistence of multiple phases in fluid systems. Our results for ethane show that HF-NMR can enable tracking phase changes in the bulk, but also in macro-scale (10–100's μm in pore size) porous systems at various pressure and temperature conditions, even when the system us out of equilibrium. Finally, these results creates potential opportunities to investigate phase changes influenced by confinement in porous systems, though additional steps are necessary.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

𝛼-cluster structure in 19 F and 19 Ne in resonant scattering

This work investigates the nuclear structure of 19 F and 19 Ne, which is important for understanding α clustering in the A = 20 mass region and for astrophysical applications. The only high-resolution, broad angular- and energy-range study of the 19 F resonance structure in α + 15 N scattering was published over 60 years ago, when a detailed analysis of complex excitation functions with overlapping resonances and multiple decay channels was not feasible. We have performed a modern R-matrix analysis of these data to assign spins and determine resonance parameters for levels in 19 F up to an excitation energy of 8.2 MeV. Our R-matrix parameters were successfully tested by fitting recent α + 15 N data obtained with the Thick Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) method at 180°. The new 19 F parameters were then used to fit TTIK data for α + 15 O, the mirror resonant reaction. In conclusion, comparison of these isobaric mirror reactions provides valuable insight into the underlying nuclear structure.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗

Search for the NΔ resonance in the 𝛾𝑑 → 𝑑𝜋 +𝜋 − reaction

A dibaryon which is an object with baryon number B = 2 has been studied for a long time. Dyson and Xuong classified non-strangeness dibaryon states based on SU(6) symmetries in 1960?s. In the framework, the deuteron is classified as one of the sextet states of dibaryons. Although dibaryon have been an interesting subject of research for a long time, most of the experimental studies up to the early 2000?s were unsuccessful. The CELCIUS/WASA collaboration reported this state via the double-pionic fusion reaction (?= ! 3c0c0) in 2009. Thereafter, the WASA-at-COSY collaboration revealed properties of the isoscaler resonance state via the ?= ! 3c0c0 reaction in 2011. The dibaryon resonance state with isospin ? = 0 and spin ( = 3 thought to be a ?03 which was predicted by Dyson and Xuong at 2.35 GeV?22 with a configuration of ??. The reported mass and width of that state were 2?37 GeV?22 and 0?07 GeV?22, espectively. The mass was ?0?08 GeV?22 smaller than that of 2?, the width was narrower than that of single ?. This surprising result made dibaryon study come back into the limelight. ?12 is one of the dibaryon states classified by Dyson and Xuong with isospin ? = 1, spin ( = 2. This state can be regarded as an s-wave #? resonance. ?12 is an interesting state from the point of view of the possibilities of existence as an internal structure of ?03 and contribution to many-body effects in nuclei. Though there were some experimental clues and theoretical studies of this state, it was unclear whether the obtained experimental results represented a real resonance or not due to the difficulty of separation from kinematical effects. Very recently, the FOREST group at Tohoku University reported a photoproduced isovector dibaryon state at mass of 2.14 GeV?22 in the 3c0 invariant mass spectra of the W3 ! 3c0c0 reaction. The most probable ?% configuration was 2¸ although they didn?t exclude the possibility of ?% = 1¸ or 3?. They separated the dibaryon production process from conventional pion production process for the first time using angular distribution of deuteron. We investigated the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction for study of a possible #? dibaryon state using a deuterium target at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Japan. In the experiment, ?3 ? 1012 tagged photon beam at energies ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 GeV was impinged to the liquid deuterium target (?520 mg?cm2) and the charged particles in the final state: deuteron, c¸, and c?, were detected by a magnetic spectrometer with a large solid angle named NKS2. NKS2 had capabilities of reconstructing momentum of charged particles, multi-track analysis, and ??c separation. We performed two different analyses named 2-track analysis and 3-track analysis. The 2-track (3-track) analysis was for events in which two (three) particles of 3c¸c? in the final state, including deuteron, were detected by NKS2. In the 3-track and 2-track analysis, ?2000? ?15000 events were identified as the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction events, respectively. The 2-track analysis with higher statistics was mainly used to derive the cross sections, and the 3-track analysis was used to check the consistency of the 2-track analysis. In this thesis, we have shown the total cross section, the differential cross sections of the W3 ! 3c¸c? reaction in the region of jC j ¡ 0?15 GeV2. This is the world?s first measurement of this reaction in this energy region. Dibaryon resonance structures were observed below the #? threshold in the differential cross section of the invariant mass of 3c?. The mass and width of the structure were consistent with these of ?12 measured by the W3 ! 3c0c0 reaction. The mechanism of the production process was discussed based on the angular distribution of emitted deuteron.

Toyama, Yuichi↗

Lowest-energy broad 𝛼-cluster resonances in 19 F

There is strong astrophysical interest in the structure of 19 F states near the α-decay threshold, as their properties are important for understanding the development of α clustering in the 20 Ne region. The emergence of clustered states, and more generally of states that couple strongly to reaction channels near their decay thresholds, is also a topic of current interest in theoretical nuclear physics. In this work, we determine the parameters of broad low-spin states in 19 F near the α-decay threshold and present a theoretical study of these states. The analysis is restricted to ℓ = 0 and 1 resonances in the α + 15 N system close to the α threshold in 19 F. Excitation functions for 15 N(α,α) elastic scattering were measured using the Thick Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) method, and these new data, together with older high–energy-resolution measurements, were analyzed within the R-matrix framework. The nuclear structure of 19 F was calculated using configuration-interaction methods with a recently developed effective interaction Hamiltonian. As a result, we identify a sequence of α-cluster resonances in 19 F and map the distribution of clustering strength, which is relevant for astrophysical reaction modeling and for the theoretical understanding of many-body dynamics and the emergence of clustering in loosely bound or unstable nuclei. Furthermore, the work advances theoretical insight into the origins of clustering and highlights open questions for future theoretical and experimental studies.

19F↗

Measurement of single- and double-polarization observables in the photoproduction of 𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − meson pairs off the proton using CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory

The photoproduction of 𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − meson pairs off the proton has been studied in the reaction 𝛾⁢𝑝→𝑝⁢𝜋 + ⁢𝜋 − using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and the frozen-spin target (FROST) in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time, the beam and target asymmetries, 𝐼 𝑠,𝑐 and 𝑃 𝑥,𝑦 , have been measured along with the beam-target double-polarization observables, 𝑃$^{𝑠,𝑐}_{𝑥,𝑦}$, using a transversely polarized target with center-of-mass energies ranging from 1.51 GeV up to 2.04 GeV. These data and additional 𝜋⁢𝜋 photoproduction observables from CLAS and experiments elsewhere were included in a partial-wave analysis within the Bonn-Gatchina framework. Significant contributions from 𝑠-channel resonance production are observed in addition to 𝑡-channel exchange processes. The data indicate significant contributions from 𝑁* and Δ* resonances in the third and fourth resonance regions.

QCD phenomenology↗

Study of light-meson resonances decaying to K S 0 K π in the B → ( K S 0 K π ) K channels

A study is presented of B + → K S 0 K − π + K + and B + → K S 0 K + π − K + decays based on the analysis of proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 . The K S 0 K π invariant-mass distributions of both B + decay modes show, in the m ( K S 0 K π ) < 1.85 GeV mass region, large activity which is resolved using an amplitude analysis. A simple model, where J P C amplitudes are described by multiple Breit-Wigner functions with appropriate angular distributions, provides a good description of the experimental data. In this approach a complex mixture of J P C = 0 − + , 1 + + and 1 + − amplitudes is observed that is dominated by η ( 1405 ) , η ( 1470 ) , η ( 1760 ) , f 1 ( 1285 ) , f 1 ( 1420 ) and h 1 ( 1405 ) resonances. The K S 0 K π Dalitz plots are dominated by asymmetric crossing K * K ¯ bands which are different for the two B + decay modes. This is due to a different interference pattern between the 1 + + and 1 + − amplitudes in the two channels. Branching fractions are measured for each resonant contribution. © 2025 CERN, for the LHCb Collaboration 2025 CERN

Aaij, R. (ORCID:0000000305331952)↗

Microwave Meissner screening properties of proximity-coupled topological-insulator / superconductor bilayers

The proximity-coupled topological-insulator / superconductor (TI/SC) bilayer system is a representative system to realize topological superconductivity. In order to better understand this unique state and enable future applications of the TI/SC bilayer, a comprehensive characterization and understanding of the microscopic properties of the bilayer are required. In this work, a microwave Meissner screening study, which exploits a high-precision microwave resonator technique, is conducted on the SmB 6 /YB 6 thin-film bilayers as an example TI/SC system. The study reveals spatially dependent electrodynamic screening response of the TI/SC system that is not accessible to other techniques, from which the corresponding microscopic properties of a TI/SC bilayer can be obtained. The TI thickness dependence of the effective penetration depth suggests the existence of a bulk insulating region in the TI layer. The spatially dependent electrodynamic screening model analysis provides an estimate for the characteristic lengths of the TI/SC bilayer: normal penetration depth, normal coherence length, and the thickness of the surface states.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Magnetic Field Analysis for Fermilab Muon $g-2$

The Muon g-2 experiment E989 at Fermilab measures the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_\mu$ with improved precision compared to the Brookhaven (E821) experiments. The Brookhaven results are in tension with the Standard Model by more than $3\sigma$. The determination of $a_\mu$ requires the measurement of both the muon anomaly frequency, $\omega_a$, and the magnetic field, $\mathbf{B}$, that confines muons in a storage ring. The field is monitored by a set of coordinated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. NMR probes at fixed locations above and below the storage region constantly monitor the field. An in-vacuum trolley equipped with 17 NMR probes maps the muon storage region, and a special water-based NMR probe provides the calibration for the trolley probes. This presentation focuses on the determination of the time-dependent field maps from combining the fixed probe measurements and the trolley maps. The field maps are combined with the muon distribution to derive the average field observed by the muons during the measurement. These proceedings will cover the analysis from the first data run.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗