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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1995

The NASA Technical Report Server

The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 established NASA and charged it to "provide for the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of information concerning its activities and the results thereof." The search for innovative methods to distribute NASA's information lead a grass-roots team to create the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS), which uses the World Wide Web and other popular Internet-based information systems as search engines. The NTRS is an inter-center effort which provides uniform access to various distributed publication servers residing on the Internet. Users have immediate desktop access to technical publications from NASA centers and institutes. The NTRS is comprised of several units, some constructed especially for inclusion in NTRS, and others that are existing NASA publication services that NTRS reuses. This paper presents the NTRS architecture, usage metrics, and the lessons learned while implementing and maintaining the service. The NTRS is largely constructed with freely available software running on existing hardware. NTRS builds upon existing hardware and software, and the resulting additional exposure for the body of literature contained ensures that NASA's institutional knowledge base will continue to receive the widest practicable and appropriate dissemination.

Nelson, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Optimizing the NASA Technical Report Server

The NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS), a World Wide Web report distribution NASA technical publications service, is modified for performance enhancement, greater protocol support, and human interface optimization. Results include: Parallel database queries, significantly decreasing user access times by an average factor of 2.3; access from clients behind firewalls and/ or proxies which truncate excessively long Uniform Resource Locators (URLs); access to non-Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) databases and compatibility with the 239-50.3 protocol; and a streamlined user interface.

Nelson, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS2004

User Evaluation of the NASA Technical Report Server Recommendation Service

We present the user evaluation of two recommendation server methodologies implemented for the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS). One methodology for generating recommendations uses log analysis to identify co-retrieval events on full-text documents. For comparison, we used the Vector Space Model (VSM) as the second methodology. We calculated cosine similarities and used the top 10 most similar documents (based on metadata) as 'recommendations'. We then ran an experiment with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members to gather their feedback on which method produced the most 'quality' recommendations. We found that in most cases VSM outperformed log analysis of co-retrievals. However, analyzing the data revealed the evaluations may have been structurally biased in favor of the VSM generated recommendations. We explore some possible methods for combining log analysis and VSM generated recommendations and suggest areas of future work.

Nelson, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS2004

User Evaluation of the NASA Technical Report Server Recommendation Service

We present the user evaluation of two recommendation server methodologies implemented for the NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS). One methodology for generating recommendations uses log analysis to identify co-retrieval events on full-text documents. For comparison, we used the Vector Space Model (VSM) as the second methodology. We calculated cosine similarities and used the top 10 most similar documents (based on metadata) as recommendations . We then ran an experiment with NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) staff members to gather their feedback on which method produced the most quality recommendations. We found that in most cases VSM outperformed log analysis of co-retrievals. However, analyzing the data revealed the evaluations may have been structurally biased in favor of the VSM generated recommendations. We explore some possible methods for combining log analysis and VSM generated recommendations and suggest areas of future work.

Nelson, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS2008

HDF-EOS Web Server

A shell script has been written as a means of automatically making HDF-EOS-formatted data sets available via the World Wide Web. ("HDF-EOS" and variants thereof are defined in the first of the two immediately preceding articles.) The shell script chains together some software tools developed by the Data Usability Group at Goddard Space Flight Center to perform the following actions: Extract metadata in Object Definition Language (ODL) from an HDF-EOS file, Convert the metadata from ODL to Extensible Markup Language (XML), Reformat the XML metadata into human-readable Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Publish the HTML metadata and the original HDF-EOS file to a Web server and an Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeN-DAP) server computer, and Reformat the XML metadata and submit the resulting file to the EOS Clearinghouse, which is a Web-based metadata clearinghouse that facilitates searching for, and exchange of, Earth-Science data.

Ullman, Richard↗
NASA NTRS2010

Energy Servers Deliver Clean, Affordable Power

K.R. Sridhar developed a fuel cell device for Ames Research Center, that could use solar power to split water into oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for fuel on Mars. Sridhar saw the potential of the technology, when reversed, to create clean energy on Earth. He founded Bloom Energy, of Sunnyvale, California, to advance the technology. Today, the Bloom Energy Server is providing cost-effective, environmentally friendly energy to a host of companies such as eBay, Google, and The Coca-Cola Company. Bloom's NASA-derived Energy Servers generate energy that is about 67-percent cleaner than a typical coal-fired power plant when using fossil fuels and 100-percent cleaner with renewable fuels.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2011

Miniaturized Airborne Imaging Central Server System

In recent years, some remote-sensing applications require advanced airborne multi-sensor systems to provide high performance reflective and emissive spectral imaging measurement rapidly over large areas. The key or unique problem of characteristics is associated with a black box back-end system that operates a suite of cutting-edge imaging sensors to collect simultaneously the high throughput reflective and emissive spectral imaging data with precision georeference. This back-end system needs to be portable, easy-to-use, and reliable with advanced onboard processing. The innovation of the black box backend is a miniaturized airborne imaging central server system (MAICSS). MAICSS integrates a complex embedded system of systems with dedicated power and signal electronic circuits inside to serve a suite of configurable cutting-edge electro- optical (EO), long-wave infrared (LWIR), and medium-wave infrared (MWIR) cameras, a hyperspectral imaging scanner, and a GPS and inertial measurement unit (IMU) for atmospheric and surface remote sensing. Its compatible sensor packages include NASA s 1,024 1,024 pixel LWIR quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) imager; a 60.5 megapixel BuckEye EO camera; and a fast (e.g. 200+ scanlines/s) and wide swath-width (e.g., 1,920+ pixels) CCD/InGaAs imager-based visible/near infrared reflectance (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging spectrometer. MAICSS records continuous precision georeferenced and time-tagged multisensor throughputs to mass storage devices at a high aggregate rate, typically 60 MB/s for its LWIR/EO payload. MAICSS is a complete stand-alone imaging server instrument with an easy-to-use software package for either autonomous data collection or interactive airborne operation. Advanced multisensor data acquisition and onboard processing software features have been implemented for MAICSS. With the onboard processing for real time image development, correction, histogram-equalization, compression, georeference, and data organization, fast aerial imaging applications, including the real time LWIR image mosaic for Google Earth, have been realized for NASA fs LWIR QWIP instrument. MAICSS is a significant improvement and miniaturization of current multisensor technologies. Structurally, it has a complete modular and solid-state design. Without rotating hard drives and other moving parts, it is operational at high altitudes and survivable in high-vibration environments. It is assembled from a suite of miniaturized, precision-machined, standardized, and stackable interchangeable embedded instrument modules. These stackable modules can be bolted together with the interconnection wires inside for the maximal simplicity and portability. Multiple modules are electronically interconnected as stacked. Alternatively, these dedicated modules can be flexibly distributed to fit the space constraints of a flying vehicle. As a flexibly configurable system, MAICSS can be tailored to interface a variety of multisensor packages. For example, with a 1,024x1,024 pixel LWIR and a 8,984x6,732 pixel EO payload, the complete MAICSS volume is approximately 7x9x11 in. (=18x23x28 cm), with a weight of 25 lb (=11.4 kg).

Sun, Xiuhong↗
NASA NTRS2008

Client-Server Connection Status Monitoring Using Ajax Push Technology

This paper describes how simple client-server connection status monitoring can be implemented using Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), JSF (Java Server Faces) and ICEfaces technologies. This functionality is required for NASA LCS (Launch Control System) displays used in the firing room for the Constellation project. Two separate implementations based on two distinct approaches are detailed and analyzed.

Lamongie, Julien R.↗
NASA NTRS2012

The Virtual Climate Data Server (vCDS): An iRODS-Based Data Management Software Appliance Supporting Climate Data Services and Virtualization-as-a-Service in the NASA Center for Climate Simulation

Scientific data services are becoming an important part of the NASA Center for Climate Simulation's mission. Our technological response to this expanding role is built around the concept of a Virtual Climate Data Server (vCDS), repetitive provisioning, image-based deployment and distribution, and virtualization-as-a-service. The vCDS is an iRODS-based data server specialized to the needs of a particular data-centric application. We use RPM scripts to build vCDS images in our local computing environment, our local Virtual Machine Environment, NASA s Nebula Cloud Services, and Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud. Once provisioned into one or more of these virtualized resource classes, vCDSs can use iRODS s federation capabilities to create an integrated ecosystem of managed collections that is scalable and adaptable to changing resource requirements. This approach enables platform- or software-asa- service deployment of vCDS and allows the NCCS to offer virtualization-as-a-service: a capacity to respond in an agile way to new customer requests for data services.

Schnase, John L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

MOOSE Web Server Interface: A Message-based External Interface for Multiphysics Simulations

The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework is a C++ toolkit designed to streamline the development of finite element and finite volume applications. It offers an interface for input-based coupling of these applications to create multiscale, multiphysics models. We introduce a new capability that enables external applications to integrate with MOOSE-based applications in situ via a web server using HTTP requests. An example of this integration is provided, where a MOOSE thermal-fluids solve has a boundary condition that is driven by an external Python application. Additionally, the coupling of the Python-based OpenMC depletion solver with the Cardinal application is demonstrated. A multiphysics model of a pressurized water reactor, incorporating neutronics, heat conduction, thermal-fluids, and depletion, is presented to showcase this new Cardinal capability that is enabled by the MOOSE web server capability.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

MOOSE Web Server Interface: A Message-based External Interface for Multiphysics Simulations

The Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework is a C++ toolkit designed to streamline the development of finite element and finite volume applications. It offers an interface for input-based coupling of these applications to create multiscale, multiphysics models. We introduce a new capability that enables external applications to integrate with MOOSE-based applications in situ via a web server using HTTP requests. An example of this integration is provided, where a MOOSE thermal-fluids solve has a boundary condition that is driven by an external Python application. Additionally, the coupling of the Python-based OpenMC depletion solver with the Cardinal application is demonstrated. A multiphysics model of a pressurized water reactor, incorporating neutronics, heat conduction, thermal-fluids, and depletion, is presented to showcase this new Cardinal capability that is enabled by the MOOSE web server capability.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

TeraChem protocol buffers ( TCPB ): Accelerating QM and QM/MM simulations with a client–server model

The routine use of electronic structures in many chemical simulation applications calls for efficient and easy ways to access electronic structure programs. Here, we describe how the graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated electronic structure program TeraChem can be set up as an electronic structure server, to be easily accessed by third-party client programs. We exploit Google’s protocol buffer framework for data serialization and communication. The client interface, called TeraChem protocol buffers (TCPB), has been designed for ease of use and compatibility with multiple programming languages, such as C++, Fortran, and Python. To demonstrate the ease of coupling third-party programs with electronic structures using TCPB, we have incorporated the TCPB client into Amber for quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations. The TCPB interface saves time with GPU initialization and I/O operations, achieving a speedup of more than 2× compared to a prior file-based implementation for a QM region with ~250 basis functions. We demonstrate the practical application of TCPB by computing the free energy profile of p-hydroxybenzylidene-2,3-dimethylimidazolinone (p-HBDI - )—a model chromophore in green fluorescent proteins—on the first excited singlet state using Hamiltonian replica exchange for enhanced sampling. All calculations in this work have been performed with the non-commercial freely-available version of TeraChem, which is sufficient for many QM region sizes in common use.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

BioTransformer 3.0 – A Web Server for Accurately Predicting Metabolic Transformation Products

BioTransformer 3.0 is a freely available web server that supports accurate, rapid and comprehensive in silico metabolism prediction. It combines machine learning approaches with a rule-based system to predict small-molecule metabolism in human tissues, the human gut as well as the external environment (soil and water microbiota). Simply stated, BioTransformer takes a molecular structure as input (SMILES or SDF) and outputs an interactively viewable/sortable table of the predicted metabolites or transformation products (SMILES, PNG images) along with the enzymes that are predicted to be responsible for those reactions and richly annotated downloadable files (CSV and JSON). The entire process typically takes a few seconds. Previous versions of BioTransformer focused exclusively on predicting the metabolism of xenobiotics (such as plant natural products, drugs, cosmetics and other synthetic compounds) using a limited number of pre-defined steps and somewhat limited rule-based methods. BioTransformer 3.0, uses much more sophisticated methods and incorporates new databases, new constraints and new prediction modules to not only more accurately predict the metabolic transformation products of exogenous xenobiotics but also the transformation products of endogenous metabolites, such as amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, organic acids, and lipids. BioTransformer 3.0 can also support customized sequential combinations of these transformations along with multiple iterations to simulate multi-step human and/or environmental biotransformation events. Performance tests indicate that BioTransformer 3.0 is 40-50% more accurate, much less prone to combinatorial “explosions” and far more comprehensive in terms of metabolite coverage/capabilities than previous versions of BioTransformer.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Determining magnetic structures in GSAS-II using the Bilbao Crystallographic Server tool k-SUBGROUPSMAG

The embedded call to a special version of the web-based Bilbao Crystallographic Server tool k-SUBGROUPSMAG from within GSAS-II to form a list of all possible commensurate magnetic subgroups of a parent magnetic grey group is described. It facilitates the selection and refinement of the best commensurate magnetic structure model by having all the analysis tools including Rietveld refinement in one place as part of GSAS-II. It also provides the chosen magnetic space group as one of the 1421 possible standard Belov–Neronova–Smirnova forms or equivalent non-standard versions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

mDNS to support local price server discovery with OpenADR 3 (mDNS for OpenADR 3) v1.0

This software contains a template VEN with local VTN service discovery over mDNS. It provides common starter code for an OpenADR3.0 VEN that advertises itself over mDNS, conducts local VTN service discovery over mDNS, connects to the VTN over HTTP(S), and regularly polls and acts on energy prices and events hosted on the VTN. The software is written to be easily modified to accommodate different VEN appliances, VEN-VTN networking protocols, user interfaces, and default responses, given the wide range of possible use cases for local price server discovery. OpenADR3.0 is an open communications standard from the OpenADR Alliance that is designed to provide two-way information exchange regarding e.g., dynamic price and event signals to utility applications, so that customers can modify their energy usage to save money and reduce their carbon footprint.

Nordman, Bruce [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2023

Meshing, Language Server Protocol, and other User-Oriented MOOSE Framework Improvements to Enhance Reactor Analysis Capabilities and Workflows

The open-source Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework underpins most of the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) physics applications and coupling methods. Users interact with MOOSE in multiple ways to enable the construction of complex multiphysics models, including but not limited to compilation, input creation and syntax validation, meshing, solving the physics problem via MOOSE-based solvers and coupling, and output inspection. In FY23, numerous enhancements have been made to MOOSE to enhance the user experience. Reactor-oriented meshing capabilities in MOOSE have been expanded, an online tutorial was created and hosted on the MOOSE site, and a hands-on workshop was held for more than 100 users. The Language Server Protocol (LSP) capability has been implemented in MOOSE to better communicate correct syntax to the NEAMS Workbench user interface which is commonly used to validate input and submit jobs by users. Finally, several other user-facing improvements were made including the implementation of improved screen output and logging control, enhancements to the initial condition system, and enhancements of the MultiApp system commonly used for coupling. Collectively, these enhancements were driven by user needs and directly improve user ability to construct complex multiphysics models for nuclear reactors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Taxonomy and Feature set for Server-Side Identification of Proxies

Malicious actors frequently use proxies and VPNs to evade detection and hide their origin. Current challenges to information security include the use of residential proxies to blend in with normal traffic and Man-in-the-Middle phishing proxies that are used to compromise accounts protected with mult-factor authentication. We advance a taxonomy and feature set for the identification of proxied traffic based on the network layer where proxying occurs. We describe how these features apply to common proxy types and how to use these features in the classification of the proxied traffic. Collection of these additional features is feasible using existing network sensors and web servers, while only adding about 30% volume to commonly deployed network sensor logs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗