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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

Battery Data MI Importer Template Quick Start Guide

In order to ensure the persistent availability and reliability of test data generated over the course of the project, the M-SHELLS Project has decided to store acquired test data, as well as associated pedigree information, in the Granta Materials Intelligence (MI) database. To facilitate that effort, an importer template and associated graphical user interface (GUI) software have been developed, with this guide providing the operating instructions for their use. The template and automation software GUI are contained in the BatteryDataImporter.xlsm Excel workbook, and are to be used to import M-SHELLS summary, or pedigree, data and the associated raw test data results into an importer template-based file, formatted in such a way as to be ready for immediate upload to the Test Data: Battery Performance table of the Granta MI database. The provided GUI enables the user to select the appropriate summary data file(s), with each file containing the required information to identify any associated raw test data file(s) to be processed. In addition to describing the setup and operation of the importer template and GUI software, this guide also provides instructions for uploading processed data to the database and for viewing the data following upload.

Levinson, Laurie H.↗
NASA NTRS2023

Optimizing Surfactant Templating of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Aerogels for High-Temperature Applications: Effect of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant

Aerogels, mesoporous materials with extreme material properties including high specific surface area, low density, and low thermal conductivity, can be useful for applications including catalysis, sorption media, and drug delivery. The low thermal conductivity and high surface area of aerogels makes them advantageous as thermal management systems, specifically for aerospace or aeronautics applications. However, the pore collapse and subsequent surface area decrease of aerogels following exposure to high temperatures must be mitigated to allow aerogels to be effectively used in thermal management applications. This work investigates the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the nonionic surfactant Pluronic® P-123 as surfactant templates in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) aerogels. By utilizing surfactant templates, known to influence pore structure, it is anticipated that sintering and densification of the aerogels following high-temperature exposure will be mitigated. It was determined that the addition of SDS and P-123 increased the surface area and pore volume of as-dried aerogels and suppressed crystallite growth at high temperatures. However, the impact of surfactant templates on the surface area and pore volume of heat-treated aerogels was negligible, potentially due to low concentrations of surfactant and the removal of the surfactant following high-temperature exposure.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia aerogels↗
NASA NTRS1999

Nonenzymatic synthesis of RNA and DNA oligomers on hexitol nucleic acid templates: the importance of the A structure

Hexitol nucleic acid (HNA) is an analogue of DNA containing the standard nucleoside bases, but with a phosphorylated 1,5-anhydrohexitol backbone. HNA oligomers form duplexes having the nucleic acid A structure with complementary DNA or RNA oligomers. The HNA decacytidylate oligomer is an efficient template for the oligomerization of the 5'-phosphoroimidazolides of guanosine or deoxyguanosine. Comparison of the oligomerization efficiencies on HNA, RNA, and DNA decacytidylate templates under various conditions suggests strongly that only nucleic acid double helices with the A structure support efficient template-directed synthesis when 5'-phosphoroimidazolides of nucleosides are used as substrates.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS2000

A comparison of RNA with DNA in template-directed synthesis

Nonenzymatic template-directed copying of RNA sequences rich in cytidylic acid using nucleoside 5'-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl phosphates) as substrates is substantially more efficient than the copying of corresponding DNA sequences. However, many sequences cannot be copied, and the prospect of replication in this system is remote, even for RNA. Surprisingly, wobble-pairing leads to much more efficient incorporation of G opposite U on RNA templates than of G opposite T on DNA templates.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS1992

Nonenzymatic template-directed synthesis on oligodeoxycytidylate sequences in hairpin oligonucleotides

We have developed a novel method for studying template-directed synthesis in hairpin oligonucleotides. An unpaired segment at the 5'-terminus of the hairpin acts as an intramolecular template for the extension of the paired 3'-terminus. Products are analyzed by denaturing gel electrophoresis of [32P]-labeled hairpins. Using this system, we have studied the synthesis of oligoguanylates on an oligodeoxycytidylate template. We find that guanosine 5'-phosphoro(2-methyl)imidazolide adds efficiently to a terminal riboguanylate residue at temperatures in the range 0-37 degrees C but not at 50 degrees C. At 0 degree C, the half-time for addition of the first G residue is about 3 h, and the reaction rate is independent of pH in the range 6.5-8.0. The first addition reaction results in the formation of a predominantly 3'-5'-internucleotide bond. When the 3'-terminal riboguanylate residue is placed by a deoxyguanylate residue, the half-time for the first addition increases from about 3 to about 30 h.

NASA Discipline Exobiology↗
NASA NTRS1995

Faster rates with less catalyst in template-directed reactions

We have recently shown that the polycytidylic acid-directed polymerization of guanosine 5'-monophosphate 2-methylimidazolide (2-MeImpG) is amenable to kinetic study and that rate determinations as a function of 2-MeImpG concentration can reveal much mechanistic detail (Kanavarioti et al. 1993). Here we report kinetic data which show that, once the reaction has been initiated by the formation of dimers, the elongation of dimers to form longer oligomers is accelerated by decreasing polycytidylate (poly(C)) concentration from 0.05 to 0.002 M. This result is consistent with the previously proposed mechanism. The increase in the observed pseudo-first order rate constant for formation of the trimer, k3', and the corresponding constant for formation of oligomers longer than the trimer, ki' (ki' is independent of oligomer length for i > or = 4), with decreasing template concentration for a given monomer concentration is attributed to an increase in template occupancy as template concentration is reduced.

NASA Discipline Exobiology↗
NASA NTRS1997

Information transfer from peptide nucleic acids to RNA by template-directed syntheses

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are uncharged analogs of DNA and RNA in which the ribose-phosphate backbone is substituted by a backbone held together by amide bonds. PNAs are interesting as models of alternative genetic systems because they form potentially informational base paired helical structures. A PNA C10 oligomer has been shown to act as template for efficient formation of oligoguanylates from activated guanosine ribonucleotides. In a previous paper we used heterosequences of DNA as templates in sequence-dependent polymerization of PNA dimers. In this paper we show that information can be transferred from PNA to RNA. We describe the reactions of activated mononucleotides on heterosequences of PNA. Adenylic, cytidylic and guanylic acids were incorporated into the products opposite their complement on PNA, although less efficiently than on DNA templates.

NASA Discipline Exobiology↗
NASA NTRS1979

Circuit-lead trimming template

Template for use in trimming leads on production wiring boards is low-cost means for eliminating rejections for short leads and improving lead-strength uniformity. Template is simply unclad piece of printed-circuit board material that is drilled using same drill control tape used in making original production board. Revisions in component layout of board can therefore be made simultaneously in template.

Ofarrell, K.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Condensation of activated diguanylates on a Poly/C/ template

The metal-ion catalysis of the oligomerization of activated diguanylate isomers on a polycytidylic acid template is studied in an investigation of possible early prebiotic polynucleotide replication mechanisms. The 5'-imidazolides of diguanylates linked 2' to 5' or 3' to 5' were reacted with polyC in a 1-methylimidazole or a 2,6-lutidine buffer in the presence of a Zn(+2) or a Pb(+2) catalyst, and reaction products were determined by paper chromatography, paper electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. In the lutidine buffer, the presence of both the Zn(+2) catalyst and the polyC template is found to result in the production of 3'-5' linked oligomers with up to 10 diguanylate units, and from diguanylates in the presence of the monomer. In the reactions conducted in the 1-methylimidazole buffer, the addition of Pb(+2) is found to lead to less marked increases in oligomerization in the presence of template, with approximately equal proportions of 2'-5' and 3'-5' oligomers formed from the 2'-5' substrate and mainly 3'-5' bonds from the 3'-5' linked dimer.

Lohrmann, R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Cooperation of catalysts and templates

In order to understand how self-reproducing molecules could have originated on the primitive Earth or extraterrestrial bodies, it would be useful to find laboratory models of simple molecules which are able to carry out processes of catalysis and templating. Furthermore, it may be anticipated that systems in which several components are acting cooperatively to catalyze each other's synthesis will have different behavior with respect to natural selection than those of purely replicating systems. As the major focus of this work, laboratory models are devised to study the influence of short peptide catalysts on template reactions which produce oligonucleotides or additional peptides. Such catalysts could have been the earliest protoenzymes of selective advantage produced by replicating oligonucleotides. Since this is a complex problem, simpler systems are also studied which embody only one aspect at a time, such as peptide formation with and without a template, peptide catalysis of nontemplated peptide synthesis, and model reactions for replication of the type pioneered by Orgel.

White, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Template For Aiming An X-Ray Machine

Relatively inexpensive template helps in aligning x-ray machine with phenolic ring to be inspected for flaws. Phenolic ring in original application part of rocket nozzle. Concept also applicable to x-ray inspection of other rings. Template contains alignment holes for adjusting orientation, plus target spot for adjusting lateral position, of laser spotting beam. (Laser spotting beam coincides with the x-ray beam, turned on later, after alignment completed.) Use of template decreases positioning time and error, providing consistent sensitivity for detection of flaws.

Morphet, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

RNA-Catalyzed RNA Ligation on an External RNA Template

Variants of the hc ligase ribozyme, which catalyzes ligation of the 3' end of an RNA substrate to the 5' end of the ribozyme, were utilized to evolve a ribozyme that catalyzes ligation reactions on an external RNA template. The evolved ribozyme catalyzes the joining of an oligonucleotide 3'-hydroxyl to the 5'-triphosphate of an RNA hairpin molecule. The ribozyme can also utilize various substrate sequences, demonstrating a largely sequence-independent mechanism for substrate recognition. The ribozyme also carries out the ligation of two oligonucleotides that are bound at adjacent positions on a complementary template. Finally, it catalyzes addition of mononucleoside '5-triphosphates onto the '3 end of an oligonucleotide primer in a template-dependent manner. The development of ribozymes that catalyze polymerase-type reactions contributes to the notion that an RNA world could have existed during the early history of life on Earth.

McGinness, Kathleen E.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Detection in fixed and random noise in foveal and parafoveal vision explained by template learning

Foveal and parafoveal contrast detection thresholds for Gabor and checkerboard targets were measured in white noise by means of a two-interval forced-choice paradigm. Two white-noise conditions were used: fixed and twin. In the fixed noise condition a single noise sample was presented in both intervals of all the trials. In the twin noise condition the same noise sample was used in the two intervals of a trial, but a new sample was generated for each trial. Fixed noise conditions usually resulted in lower thresholds than twin noise. Template learning models are presented that attribute this advantage of fixed over twin noise either to fixed memory templates' reducing uncertainty by incorporation of the noise or to the introduction, by the learning process itself, of more variability in the twin noise condition. Quantitative predictions of the template learning process show that it contributes to the accelerating nonlinear increase in performance with signal amplitude at low signal-to-noise ratios.

NASA Center ARC↗
NASA NTRS2005

Template for Systems Engineering Tools Trade Study

A discussion of Systems Engineering tools brings out numerous preferences and reactions regarding tools of choice as well as the functions those tools are to perform. A recent study of Systems Engineering Tools for a new Program illustrated the need for a generic template for use by new Programs or Projects to determine the toolset appropriate for their use. This paper will provide the guidelines new initiatives can follow and tailor to their specific needs, to enable them to make their choice of tools in an efficient and informed manner. Clearly, those who perform purely technical functions will need different tools than those who perform purely systems engineering functions. And, everyone has tools they are comfortable with. That degree of comfort is frequently the deciding factor in tools choice rather than an objective study of all criteria and weighting factors. This paper strives to produce a comprehensive list of criteria for selection with suggestions for weighting factors based on a number of assumptions regarding the given Program or Project. In addition, any given Program will begin with assumptions for its toolset based on Program size, tool cost, user base and technical needs. In providing a template for tool selection, this paper will guide the reader through assumptions based on Program need; decision criteria; potential weighting factors; the need for a compilation of available tools; the importance of tool demonstrations; and finally a down selection of tools. While specific vendors cannot be mentioned in this work, it is expected that this template could serve other Programs in the formulation phase by alleviating the trade study process of some of its subjectivity.

Michelle D Bailey↗
NASA NTRS2004

Anticipatory Eye Movements in Interleaving Templates of Human Behavior

Performance modeling has been made easier by architectures which package psychological theory for reuse at useful levels of abstraction. CPM-GOMS uses templates of behavior to package at a task level (e.g., mouse move-click, typing) predictions of lower-level cognitive, perceptual, and motor resource use. CPM-GOMS also has a theory for interleaving resource use between templates. One example of interleaving is anticipatory eye movements. This paper describes the use of ACT-Stitch, a framework for translating CPM-GOMS templates and interleaving theory into ACT-R, to model anticipatory eye movements in skilled behavior. The anticipatory eye movements explain performance in a well-practiced perceptual/motor task, and the interleaving theory is supported with results from an eye-tracking experiment.

Matessa, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2006

Templates for Fabricating Nanowire/Nanoconduit-Based Devices

An effort is underway to develop processes for making templates that could be used as deposition molds and etching masks in the fabrication of devices containing arrays of nanowires and/or nanoconduits. Highly-ordered, optical-fiber arrays consisting of dissimilar polymers comprise the template technology. The selective removal of the fiber cores in specific solvents creates the porous templates to be filled with a "top-down" deposition process such as electrochemical deposition, sputter deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and the like. Typically, the fiber bundles consist of polystyrene (PS) fiber cores, which are clad with varying thickness poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). When arranged in hexagonal, close-packed configuration and pulled, the fibers form highly-ordered arrays comprised of PS fiber cores surrounded by a continuous matrix of PMMA. The ratio of PMMA cladding thickness to PS core diameter determines the spacing between PS fiber cores and typically ranges from 3:1 to 1:1. Essentially, the simultaneous heating and drawing or pulling in the longitudinal direction of polymer-fiber arrays fuses the fibers together.

Sakamoto, Jeffrey↗
NASA NTRS2014

Vertical Carbon Nanotube Device in Nanoporous Templates

A modified porous anodic alumina template (PAA) containing a thin CNT catalyst layer directly embedded into the pore walls. CNT synthesis using the template selectively catalyzes SWNTs and DWNTs from the embedded catalyst layer to the top PAA surface, creating a vertical CNT channel within the pores. Subsequent processing allows for easy contact metallization and adaptable functionalization of the CNTs and template for a myriad of applications.

Maschmann, Matthew Ralph↗
NASA NTRS2016

Development and Implementation of a Generic Analysis Template for Structural-Thermal-Optical-Performance Modeling

Performance-related effects of system level temperature changes can be a key consideration in the design of many types of optical instruments. This is especially true for space-based imagers, which may require complex thermal control systems to maintain alignment of the optical components. Structural-Thermal-Optical-Performance (STOP) analysis is a multi-disciplinary process that can be used to assess the performance of these optical systems when subjected to the expected design environment. This type of analysis can be very time consuming, which makes it difficult to use as a trade study tool early in the project life cycle. In many cases, only one or two iterations can be performed over the course of a project. This limits the design space to best practices since it may be too difficult, or take too long, to test new concepts analytically. In order to overcome this challenge, automation, and a standard procedure for performing these studies is essential. A methodology was developed within the framework of the Comet software tool that captures the basic inputs, outputs, and processes used in most STOP analyses. This resulted in a generic, reusable analysis template that can be used for design trades for a variety of optical systems. The template captures much of the upfront setup such as meshing, boundary conditions, data transfer, naming conventions, and post-processing, and therefore saves time for each subsequent project. A description of the methodology and the analysis template is presented, and results are described for a simple telescope optical system.

Scola, Salvatore↗